Communicative Strategy PDF

Communicative Strategy  Communicative Strategy These are plans, ways, or means of sharing information which are adopted to achieve a particular social, political, psychological, or linguistic purpose. Types of Turn-taking Communicative Topic control Strategy...

Communicative Strategy  Communicative Strategy These are plans, ways, or means of sharing information which are adopted to achieve a particular social, political, psychological, or linguistic purpose. Types of Turn-taking Communicative Topic control Strategy Topic shifting Nomination Repair Restriction Termination  Nomination The first communication strategy that we have to be familiar with is nomination. When engaging in a conversation we normally propose or suggest a topic or issue that we want to talk about.  Example I like your new shoes. Girl! Have you seen the new student? So handsome. Hello, do you need help?  Restriction It refers to limiting the topic or subject in conversation.  Example In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure.  Turn-taking turn-taking refers to conventions in which participants allow appropriate opportunities for others to talk or the manner in which an orderly conversation normally takes place. A turn is the time when a speaker is talking and turn-taking is the skill of knowing when to start and finish a turn in a conversation.  Example You can employ this strategy by making your response shorter yet informative enough to express your ideas and feelings. Spoken cues such as “What do you think?” or “You wanted to say something?” provide others a chance to speak. According to Claudia Pesce there are seven strategies in turn-taking:  Topic Control It means regulating or manipulating the topic of conversation and how long we want the other person may talk.  Example Expressions like “Okay, so much for that… “Let's go back to the topic.” and “Going back to what we are talking about…” can be used to keep the conversation within the topic when there is a sudden shift.  Topic Shifting Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to another. In other words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins  Example “By the way…” “Moving on to the next topic” “Now, let’s talk about”  Repair This is the process by which a speaker recognizes a speech error and repeats what has been said with some sort of correction.  Example What I mean is… Let me repeat myself Can you please repeat the last part of the instruction? Four Varieties of Repair Sequence Self-initiated self-repair Other-initiated self-repair Self-initiated other-repair Other-initiated other-repair Self-initiated self-repair this repair is both initiated and carried out by the speaker of the trouble source. Example: I’m going to Bianca’s - I mean Bella’s birthday party on Saturday. Other-initiated self-repair This repair is carried out by the speaker of the trouble source but initiated by the recipient. Example: A: I'm going to have my final examination next week. B: What? A: I said I am going to have my final examination next week Self-initiated other-repair The speaker of a trouble source may try and get the recipient to repair the trouble - for instance if a name is proving troublesome to remember. Example: Kid: I need to pack my things tonight for our vacation on Saturday, so I need to get another umm... Mother: Another bag? Kid: Yes, that's right! A bigger bag. Other-initiated other-repair the recipient of a trouble source initiates and carries out the repair. This is closer to what is conventionally called 'correction.' Example: Angie: Aren't you glad that today is Sunday? Betty: Sunday is actually tomorrow.  Termination This last communication strategy refers to ending the conversation. If some people find it difficult to begin a conversation and others find problems to keep it going, there are also people who find it hard to end a conversation.  Example It’s nice catching up with you. I must be going.” Thanks for your time. See you around Thank you for listening!