PY1102 Tutorial 6 Slides PDF

PY1102 Exploring Psychology: from Perception to Reality Week 10 Tutorial: Attitudes & Social Cognition Dr. Sherry Aw Tutorial Overview Task 1: Mystery Task (Part 1) Task 2: Are You Ageist? Task 3: Mystery Task (Part 2) Task 4: Revision Quiz Source: pixabay.co...

PY1102 Exploring Psychology: from Perception to Reality Week 10 Tutorial: Attitudes & Social Cognition Dr. Sherry Aw Tutorial Overview Task 1: Mystery Task (Part 1) Task 2: Are You Ageist? Task 3: Mystery Task (Part 2) Task 4: Revision Quiz Source: pixabay.com Licensed under CC BY 2.0 Task 1: Mystery Task Please click the following link and answer the five questions https://forms.office.com/r/Pz7aRNKVN7 Answer them individually, and work through them at your own pace Once you’re done, we’ll move on to today’s second task We’ll revisit these questions later… Task 2: Are You Ageist? In the pre-recorded lecture we discussed the difference between implicit and explicit attitudes I also introduced one of the most popular methods of assessing implicit attitudes… The Implicit Association Test (IAT) We watched some people attempting the IAT, now it’s your turn Go to: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/takeatest.html Select the “Age IAT” 10 min Please note that participation is voluntary. If you do not wish to participate you may do something else while your classmates complete the IAT. Task 2: Are You Ageist? Work in your groups to answer the following questions: 1. What were the results? 2. Did they vary much between group members? 3. Are implicit and explicit attitudes generally correlated among the group members? 4. What does this IAT measure exactly? 5. How is it operationalised? 6. What is the rationale for this? 7. How would explicit attitudes towards young and old typically be measured? Task 2: Are You Ageist? Let’s see what everyone found… 1. What were the results? 2. Did they vary much between group members? 3. Are implicit and explicit attitudes generally correlated among the group members? Task 2: Are You Ageist? 4. What does this IAT measure exactly? The difference in implicit attitudes towards two concepts: young people and old people These are evaluations (good vs. bad) of attitude objects (young people, old people), hence it’s an attitude 5. How is it operationalised? This attitude difference is operationalised as a difference in response latencies (i.e., reaction times). 6. What is the rationale for this? Faster responses indicate stronger associations between cognitions/concepts 7. How would explicit attitudes typically be measured? Typically via self-report Task 2: Are you Ageist? What about other implicit attitudes? Do you think: 1. people who are poor would favor people who are rich on the IAT? 2. people who are obese would favor people who are normal weight on the IAT? 3. people who are Hispanic would favor people who are Caucasian on the IAT? 4. individuals who are LGBTQ+ would favor cis, straight people on the IAT? Task 3: Mystery Task Now, please click the following link and answer five more questions https://forms.office.com/r/26P3GmbriK Answer them individually, and work through them at your own pace Once everyone is done, we’ll compare the results of the two surveys Task 3: Mystery Task Q – What was the name of the social cognitive phenomenon we have just demonstrated? A – Cognitive Dissonance Q – How does cognitive dissonance arise? A – Inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviour, or between attitudes and new information Task 3: Mystery Task Working in your groups, identify and describe at least two ways of resolving cognitive dissonance in ONE of the following areas: ◦ Poverty reduction ◦ Tacking global warming ◦ Water conservation ◦ Piracy Refer to your textbook and last week’s lecture slides for useful information Resolving Dissonance Change the Behaviour Modify the Attitude (attitude remains (weakened or made unchanged) more complex) Resolving Dissonance Change the Attitude Ignore the Inconsistency (new attitude more (attitude and behaviour consistent with behaviour) remain unchanged) Revision “Pub Quiz” Let’s do a fun revision quiz Task Details: One group per table No Google, textbooks, laptops or phones! (i.e., no cheating) Fill in your answers on the answer sheet provided – tally your answers later Quiz Overview Round 1: Thought & Language (4 points available) Round 2: Intelligence (4 points available) Round 3: Personality (7 points available) Round 4: Disorders & Treatments (9 points available) Round 5: Social Cognition (5 points available) Round 6: Interpersonal Processes (5 points available) Round 7: Sensation & Perception (5 points available) Round 8 Consciousness (5 points available) Bonus Round: Who Am I? (16 points available) Total Points Available: 60 points Round 1 THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE Question 1 __________ refers to the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. Question 2 The tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions is known as __________ bias. Question 3 The phenomenon of __________ involves solving a problem by using a new approach without relying on previous experiences. Question 4 The mental shortcuts that help us to streamline our thinking and make fast decisions are called ____________. Round 2 INTELLIGE NCE Question 1 Howard Gardner proposed the theory of __________ __________, which suggests that intelligence is not a single general ability, but rather multiple distinct types of intelligences that individuals possess." Question 2 Robert Sternberg's __________ Theory of Intelligence posits that successful intelligence comprises analytical, creative, and practical abilities. Question 3 The __________ perspective on intelligence focuses on the measurement of mental abilities, traits, and processes through quantitative tests.“ Question 4 The __________ of intelligence is a measure used to estimate what proportion of variation in intelligence across individuals can be attributed to genetic differences." Round 3 PERSON ALITY Question 1 The __________ perspective on personality focuses on the inherent goodness of people and their drive towards self-actualization, with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow being key figures in this area. Question 2 Label the following parts of this model: A: B: C: A C B Question 3 According to Freud, __________ __________ are psychological strategies brought into play by the unconscious mind to manipulate, deny, or distort reality in order to defend against feelings of anxiety and unacceptable impulses. Question 4 The ________________ is a projective psychological test in which subjects are shown pictures and asked to create stories about them, believed to reveal their underlying motives, feelings, and traits. Round 4 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDE RS AND TREATMENTS Question 1 __________________ is a technique in which the patient is encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, in order to reveal the unconscious processes of the patient. Question 2 The __________ perspective on psychological disorders emphasizes genetic, neurochemical, and anatomical causes of mental illnesses. Question 3 The ____________ perspective on psychological disorders considers how cultural norms and social environment contribute to the development of mental illnesses. Question 4 __________ is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves, often characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and impaired cognitive function. Question 5 _________________is a type of therapy that aims to remove the fear response of a phobia and substitute a relaxation response to the conditioned stimulus gradually. Round 5 SOCIAL COGNITION Question 1 If I make personal attributions to explain the behaviour of others, yet make situational attributions for my own behaviour, what effect am I demonstrating? Question 2 The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) is a model of what process? Question 3 Jody is trying to persuade Frank that Andreas is the weak link in Chelsea’s defence and should be sold in the summer After carefully considering the number of successful blocks, number of successful tackles, distance covered per game, and aerial duals won, Frank is persuaded that Jody is right What route to persuasion has been used here? Question 4 “My actions don’t match my attitudes, and that makes me feel uncomfortable” What social psychological phenomenon is being demonstrated here? Question 5 Fiona assumes Jared is a kind person because he’s charismatic. What psychological effect is she demonstrating? Round 6 INTERPERS ONAL PROCESSES Question 1 The tendency for people to be less productive when working with others is known as… ? Question 2 Amanda just witnessed a car accident. She hasn’t done any first aid courses, and although she could assist, she decides to keep driving as there are so many other people around. What social psychological effect is being demonstrated here? Question 3 What is the matching hypothesis? Question 4 Tyson intimidates people in order to get what he wants, whereas Deontay tends to say aggressive things when he loses his temper. Tyson exhibits ______ aggression whereas Deontay exhibits ______ aggression. Round 7 SE NSATION & PE RCEPTION Question 1 What Gestalt law/principle is represented by this image? Question 2 What is nociception? Question 3 What are the two types of sensory thresholds? Question 4 The phenomenon where we perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image is known as __________ __________. Question 5 The diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as __________ __________. Round 8 CONS CIOUSNESS Question 1 What part of the brain is severed in split-brain surgery? Question 2 Mary likes to have the TV on in the background when she knits. Mary hears the word “war” and immediately stops knitting to listen to the TV. What type of attention has Mary demonstrated? Question 3 According to Freud, knowledge or memories that we can easily retrieve are located in the _________? Question 4 A biological cycle, approximately 24 hours long, that regulates sleep and wakefulness is called the __________ __________. Question 5 What is the corpus callosum responsible for? Bonus Round! WHO AM I? Question 1 I am utterly fixated on human sexuality Question 2 I believe children are genetically predisposed to learn language Question 3 I believe people have two types of intelligences – one that is based on knowledge accumulated over time and one that allows individuals to learn, navigate, and adapt to novel situations. Question 4 I like fooling people into thinking they’re giving other people dangerous electric shocks Question 5 I like helping French kids of varying intellectual ability find the right schools Question 6 I believe that people are genuinely altruistic and DO sometimes help others for unselfish reasons Round 1 Answers 1. Syntax 2. Confirmation 3. Insight 4. Heuristics Maximum: 4 points  Round 2 Answers 1. Multiple Intelligences 2. Triarchic 3. Psychometric 4. Heritability Maximum: 4 points  Round 3 Answers 1. Humanistic (1 point) 2. A: Ego (1 point) B: Id (1 point) C: Superego (1 point) 3. Defense Mechanisms (1 point) 4. Thematic Apperception Test (1 point) Maximum: 6 points  Round 4 Answers 1. Free association (1 point) 2. Biological (1 point) 3. Socio-cultural (1 point) 4. Schizophrenia (1 point) 5. Systematic Desensitization (2 points) Maximum: 6 points Round 5 Answers 1. Fundamental attribution error (1 point) OR actor-observer effect (1 point) 2. Persuasion (1 point) 3. The central route (1 point) 4. Cognitive dissonance (1 point) 5. The halo effect (1 point) Maximum: 5 points Round 6 Answers 1. Social loafing (1 point) 2. The bystander effect (1 point) 3. The idea that people usually choose partners that are approximately the same level of attractiveness as themselves (1 point) 4. Instrumental (1 point) OR proactive (1 point) Hostile (1 point) OR reactive (1 point) Maximum: 5 points Round 7 Answers 1. What Gestalt Law/Principle is this? The law of closure (1 point) 2. What is nociception? The sensory modality associated with pain (1 point) 3. What are the two types of sensory thresholds? Absolute (0.5 points) and difference (0.5 points) 4. The phenomenon where we perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image is known as perceptual constancy. (1 point) 5. The diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as sensory adaptation. (1 point) Maximum: 5 points Round 8 Answers 1. What part of the brain is severed in “split-brain surgery”? Corpus Callosum (1 point) 2. Mary likes to have the TV on in the background while she knits. Mary hears the word “WAR” and immediately stops knitting to listen to the TV. What types of attention has Mary demonstrated? Reflexive attention (1 point) OR involuntary attention (1 point) OR selective attention (0.5 points) 3. According to Freud, knowledge or memories that we can easily retrieve are located in the Preconscious (1 point) 4. A biological cycle, approximately 24 hours long, that regulates sleep and wakefulness is called the Circadian Rhythm (1 point). 5. What is the corpus callosum responsible for? Communication between the two hemispheres in the brain (1 point) Maximum: 5 points Bonus Round Answers 1. I am utterly fixated on human sexuality Sigmund Freud (1 point) 2. I believe children are genetically predisposed to learn language Noam Chomsky (2 points) 3. I believe people have two types of intelligences – one that is based on knowledge accumulated over time and one that allows individuals to learn, navigate, and adapt to novel situations. Raymond Cattell (2 points) 4. I like fooling people into thinking they’re giving other people dangerous electric shocks Stanley Milgram (3 points) 5. I like helping little French kids of varying intellectual ability find the right schools Alfred Binet (4 points) 6. I believe that people are genuinely altruistic and DO sometimes help others for unselfish reasons Daniel Batson (4 points) Maximum: 16 points Finished! LET ’S FIND OUT WHICH IS THE WIN NING TEAM!