Science Practice Test - Post Test (Answer Key) PDF

SCIENCE PRACTICE TEST - POST TEST (ANSWER KEY) ITEM # 1 CLONING A copying machine for living beings? Read the newspaper article and answer the questions that follow Without any doubt, if there had been...

SCIENCE PRACTICE TEST - POST TEST (ANSWER KEY) ITEM # 1 CLONING A copying machine for living beings? Read the newspaper article and answer the questions that follow Without any doubt, if there had been nucleus, then he transferred the nucleus elections for the animal of the year 1997, into the egg-cell of another (female) Question 1/2 sheep (sheep 2). But first he removed Dolly would have been the winner! Dolly is a Scottish sheep that you see in the from that egg-cell all the material that Which sheep is Dolly identical to? A. Sheep 1. photo. But Dolly is not just a simple would have determined sheep 2 B. Sheep 2. sheep. She is a clone of another sheep. A characteristics in a lamb produced from C. Sheep 3. clone means: a copy. Cloning means that egg-cell. Ian Wilmut implanted the D. Dolly’s father copying ‘from a single master copy’. manipulated egg-cell of sheep 2 into yet Scientists succeeded in creating a sheep another (female) sheep (sheep 3). Correct Answer: A. Sheep 1. Sheep 3 became pregnant and had a (Dolly) that is identical to a sheep that functioned as a ‘master copy’. lamb: Dolly. Some scientists think that Question 2/2 It was the Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut within a few years it will be possible to In the part of the udder that was used who designed the ‘copying machine’ for clone people as well. But many is described as “a very small piece”. sheep. He took a very small piece from governments have already decided to From the article text you can work out the udder of an adult sheep (sheep 1). forbid cloning of people by law. what is meant by “a very small piece”. From that small piece he removed the That “very small piece” is A. a cell. B. a gene. C. a cell nucleus. D. a chromosome. Correct Answer: A. a cell. Source: Tijdschrift van de Eenhoorn Educatief (Brussels Onderwijs Punt): March 1997. 1 ITEM # 2 DAYLIGHT Read the following information and Daylight on June 2022 answer the questions that follow Today, as the Northern *Melbourne is a city in Australia at a latitude Question 1/1 Hemisphere celebrates its of about 38 degrees South of the equator. longest day, Australians will Which statement explains why experience their shortest. In daylight and darkness occur on Earth? Melbourne*, Australia, the Sun A. The Earth rotates on its axis. will rise at 7:36 am and set at B. The Sun rotates on its axis. 5:08 pm, giving nine hours and C. The Earth’s axis is tilted. 32 minutes of daylight. D. The Earth revolves around the Sun. Compare today to the year’s longest day in the Southern Correct Answer: A. The Earth rotates Hemisphere, expected on 22 on its axis. December, when the Sun will rise at 5:55 am and set at 8:42 pm, giving 14 hours and 47 minutes of daylight. The President of the Astronomical Society, Mr Perry Vlahos, said the existence of changing seasons in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was linked to the Earth’s 23-degree tilt 2 ITEM #3 LIP GLOSS The table below contains two different recipes for cosmetics you can make yourself. Question 1/1 The lipstick is harder than the lip gloss, which is soft and creamy. Oils and waxes are substances that will mix well together. Oils cannot be mixed with water, and waxes are not soluble in water. Which one of the Lip gloss Lipstick following is most likely to happen if a lot of water is splashed into the lipstick Ingredients: Ingredients: mixture while it is being heated? 5 g castor oil 5 g castor oil A. A creamier and softer mixture is 0.2 g beeswax 1 g beeswax produced. 0.2 g palm wax 1 g palm wax B. The mixture becomes firmer. 1 teaspoon of colouring substance 1 teaspoon of colouring substance C. The mixture is hardly changed at 1 drop of food flavouring 1 drop of food flavouring all. D. Fatty lumps of the mixture float on Instructions: Instructions: the water. Heat the oil and the waxes in a container Heat the oil and the waxes in a container Correct Answer: D. Fatty lumps of placed in hot water until you have an even placed in hot water until you have an even the mixture float on the water. mixture. Then add the colouring substance mixture. Then add the colouring substance and the flavouring, and mix them in. and the flavouring, and mix them in. 3 ITEM #4 WIND FARMS Many people believe that wind should replace oil and coal as a source of energy for Question 1/1 producing electricity. The structures in the picture are windmills with blades that are rotated by the wind. These rotations cause electricity to be produced by generators that Which one of the graphs indicates the are turned by the windmills. most appropriate place to establish a wind farm for generating electricity? Write the letter of the correct answer. The graphs below show the average wind speeds in four different places throughout a Correct Answer: C. year. 4 ITEM #5 OZONE OZONE Question 1/1 Read the following section of an article about the ozone layer. Ozone is also formed during The atmosphere is an ocean of air and a precious natural resource for sustaining life on thunderstorms. It causes the typical the Earth. Unfortunately, human activities based on national/personal interests are smell after such a storm. In lines 9–13 causing harm to this common resource, notably by depleting the fragile ozone layer, which the author of the text distinguishes acts as a protective shield for life on the Earth. Ozone molecules consist of three oxygen between “bad ozone” and “good atoms, as opposed to oxygen molecules which consist of two oxygen atoms. ozone”. In terms of the article, is the ozone that is formed during Ozone molecules are exceedingly rare: fewer than ten in every million molecules of air. thunderstorms “bad ozone” or “good However, for nearly a billion years, their presence in the atmosphere has played a vital ozone”? role in safeguarding life on Earth. Depending on where it is located, ozone can either protect or harm life on Earth. The ozone in the troposphere (up to 10 kilometres above the Choose the answer and the Earth’s surface) is “bad” ozone which can damage lung tissues and plants. But about 90 explanation that is supported by the percent of ozone found in the stratosphere (between 10 and 40 kilometres above the text. Earth’s surface) is “good” ozone which plays a beneficial role by absorbing dangerous Bad ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation from the Sun. ozone Letter Explanation or good Without this beneficial ozone layer, humans would be more susceptible to certain ozone diseases due to the increased incidence of ultra-violet rays from the Sun. In the last It is formed decades the amount of ozone has decreased. In 1974 it was hypothesised that A Bad during bad chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) could be a cause for this. Until 1987, scientific assessment of weather the cause-effect relationship was not convincing enough to implicate CFCs. However, in It is formed in September 1987, diplomats from around the world met in Montreal (Canada) and agreed B Bad to set sharp limits to the use of CFCs. the troposphere It is formed in C. Good the stratosphere D. Good It smells good Correct Answer: B. Bad. It is formed in the troposphere 5 ITEM #6 METEOROIDS AND CRATERS METEOROIDS AND CRATERS Question 1/1 Rocks in the space that enter Earth’s atmosphere are called meteoroids. Meteoroids heat Refer to Meteoroids and Craters on up, and glow as they fall through Earth’s atmosphere. Most meteoroids burn up before the right. Select from the choices they hit Earth’s surface. When a meteoroid hits Earth it can make a hole called a crater. below to answer the question. As a meteoroid approaches Earth and its atmosphere, it speeds up. Why does this happen. o The meteoroid is pulled in by the rotation of Earth. o The meteoroid is pushed by the light of the Sun. o The meteoroid is attracted to the mass of the Earth. o The meteoroid is repelled by the vacuum of the space. Correct answer: The meteoroid is attracted to the mass of Earth 6 ITEM #7 BREAD DOUGH BREAD DOUGH Question 1/3 Fermentation causes the dough to rise. Why does the dough rise? A. The dough rises because alcohol is produced and turns into a gas. B. The dough rises because of single-celled fungi reproducing in it. C. The dough rises because a gas, carbon dioxide, is produced. D. The dough rises because fermentation turns water into a vapour. Correct Answer: C. The dough rises To make bread dough, a cook mixes flour, water, salt and yeast. After mixing, the dough because a gas, carbon dioxide, is is placed in a container for several hours to allow the process of fermentation to take produced. place. During fermentation, a chemical change occurs in the dough: the yeast (a single- celled fungus) helps to transform the starch and sugars in the flour into carbon dioxide and alcohol. 7 Question 2/3 A few hours after mixing the dough, the cook weighs the dough and observes that its Which two experiments should the weight has decreased. The weight of the dough is the same at the start of each of the four cook compare to test if the yeast is the experiments shown below. cause of the loss of weight? A. The cook should compare experiments 1 and 2. B. The cook should compare experiments 1 and 3. C. The cook should compare experiments 2 and 4. D. The cook should compare experiments 3 and 4. Correct Answer: D. The cook should compare experiments 3 and 4. Question 3/3 When the risen (leavened) dough is placed in the oven to bake, pockets of gas and vapours in the dough expand. Why do the gas and vapours expand when heated? A. Their molecules get bigger. B. Their molecules move faster. C. Their molecules increase in number. D. Their molecules collide less frequently. Correct Answer: B. Their molecules move faster. 8 ITEM #8 MAJOR SURGERY MAJOR SURGERY Question 1/1 Major surgery, performed in specially equipped operating theatres, is necessary to treat many diseases. Why are the sugars that are added to the drip important for the post- Patients may be unable to eat and drink after surgery and so they are put on a drip operative patient? (infusion) that contains water, sugars and mineral salts. Sometimes antibiotics and tranquillisers are also added to the drip. A. To avoid dehydration B. To control post-operative pain C. To cure post-operative infections D. To provide necessary nutrition Correct Answer: D. To provide necessary nutrition. 9 ITEM #9 MARY MONTAGU MARY MONTAGU Question 1/1 Read the following newspaper article and answer the questions that follow. If animals or humans become sick with an infectious bacterial disease The History of Vaccination and then recover, the type of bacteria that caused the disease does not Mary Montagu was a beautiful woman. She survived an attack of smallpox in 1715 but usually make them sick again. What is she was left covered with scars. While living in Turkey in 1717, she observed a method the reason for this? called inoculation that was commonly used there. This treatment involved scratching a weak type of smallpox virus into the skin of healthy young people who then became sick, A. The body has killed all bacteria but in most cases only with a mild form of the disease. that may cause the same kind of disease. Mary Montagu was so convinced of the safety of these inoculations that she allowed her B. The body has made antibodies son and daughter to be inoculated. that kill this type of bacteria before they multiply. In 1796, Edward Jenner used inoculations of a related disease, cowpox, to produce C. The red blood cells kill all bacteria antibodies against smallpox. Compared with the inoculation of smallpox, this treatment that may cause the same kind of had less side effects and the treated person could not infect others. The treatment disease. became known as vaccination D. The red blood cells capture and get rid of this type of bacteria from the body oxide? Correct Answer: B. The body has made antibodies that kill this type of bacteria before they multiply. 10 ITEM #10 SUSTAINABLE FISH FARMING Introduction An increased demand for seafood is placing a greater burden on populations of wild fish. To reduce this burden, researchers are investigating ways to grow fish sustainably in fish farms. Two challenges to creating a sustainable fish farm include (1) feeding the farmed fish and (2) maintaining water quality. Farmed fish require large amounts of food. A fish farm that is sustainable will grow the food needed to feed the farmed fish. Waste from the fish can build up in the farm to levels that are dangerous to the fish. In a sustainable fish farm, there is a constant flow of ocean water through the farm. Waste and excess nutrients (food that algae and plants need to grow) are removed from the water before it is returned to the ocean. 11 SUSTAINABLE FISH FARMING The diagram shows a design for an experimental fish farm with three large tanks. Filtered salt water is pumped from the ocean Question 1/1 before flowing from tank to tank until it is returned to the ocean. The primary goal of the fish farm is to grow common sole to be Refer to the information. Use drag and drop to answer the harvested in a sustainable way. question. (Manipulative) Common Sole: The fish being farmed. Their preferred food is ragworms. The researchers need to decide in which tank each organism The following organisms will also be used in the farm should be placed. Drag and drop each of the organisms below to the appropriate tank above to ensure that the Common Sole Microalgae: Microscopic organisms that only need light is fed and that salt water is returned to the ocean unchanged. and nutrients to grow. The micro-algae are already in the correct tank. Ragworks: Invertebrates that grow very rapidly on a diet of microalgae. Shellfish: Organisms that feed on microalgae and other small organisms in the water. Marsh Grass: Grasses that absorb nutrients and wastes from the water A. B. C. D. Correct Answer: Ragworms and Common Sole into Tank 2 and Marsh Grass and Shellfish into Tank 3 12