Science Quiz: Cloning, Daylight, and Lip Gloss

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Questions and Answers

What phenomenon causes the Northern Hemisphere to experience its longest day in June?

The Earth revolves around the Sun.

The Sun rotates on its axis.

The Earth is at its closest point to the Sun.

The Earth rotates on its axis. (correct)

Which sheep is Dolly a clone of?

Sheep 3

Sheep 2

Sheep 1 (correct)

Dolly's father

At what latitude is Melbourne, Australia located?

23 degrees South of the equator.

0 degrees latitude.

38 degrees South of the equator. (correct)

38 degrees North of the equator.

What does cloning refer to?

Copying from a single master copy Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected duration of daylight in Melbourne on its longest day of the year?

9 hours and 32 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of Ian Wilmut in the cloning of Dolly?

He designed the cloning process Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is common to both the lip gloss and lipstick recipes?

Castor oil. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'master copy' imply in the context of cloning?

The DNA blueprint used for cloning Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a significant amount of water is added to the heating lipstick mixture?

The mixture may curdle or separate. Signup and view all the answers

What describes a key difference between lip gloss and lipstick?

Lip gloss is softer and creamier than lipstick. Signup and view all the answers

What is described as 'a very small piece' in the process of cloning?

A cell Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately represents the Earth’s axial tilt?

It is 23 degrees. Signup and view all the answers

What governmental stance has been adopted regarding human cloning?

Many have decided to forbid cloning of people by law. Signup and view all the answers

What might happen to the mixture if oils and water are combined?

The oils will float on top. Signup and view all the answers

What happened after the egg-cell manipulation by Ian Wilmut?

Another sheep became pregnant and gave birth to Dolly. Signup and view all the answers

What did Ian Wilmut remove from the egg-cell before implanting it?

All genetic material Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the ozone located in the troposphere?

Bad ozone Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the majority of 'good' ozone?

Stratosphere Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant role of ozone in the stratosphere?

Absorbing ultraviolet radiation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the amount of ozone in the atmosphere according to recent trends?

It has decreased Signup and view all the answers

What was hypothesized in 1974 as a potential cause for the decrease in ozone?

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between CFCs and ozone depletion established in 1987?

CFCs were linked to ozone depletion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ozone is harmful to lung tissues and plants?

Tropospheric ozone Signup and view all the answers

What commonly occurs to meteoroids as they enter Earth’s atmosphere?

They heat up and glow Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to add sugars to the drip used for post-operative patients?

To provide necessary nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What happens to individuals who recover from an infectious bacterial disease?

The body produces antibodies that protect against future infections. Signup and view all the answers

What method did Mary Montagu observe to prevent smallpox while in Turkey?

Inoculation with a weakened smallpox virus Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant benefit of Edward Jenner's method compared to traditional inoculation?

It had fewer side effects. Signup and view all the answers

How does the human body respond to a bacterial infection after recovery?

By creating antibodies against the bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key reasons patients are put on a drip after major surgery?

To ensure adequate hydration and nutrition. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the bacteria after an individual has recovered from an infectious disease?

They may lie dormant until reactivation. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Mary Montagu's contributions to vaccination?

She advocated for the inoculation method based on her observations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a sustainable fish farm?

To farm fish in a way that is environmentally friendly Signup and view all the answers

Which challenge is NOT mentioned in creating a sustainable fish farm?

Controlling fish predator populations Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for the water in a sustainable fish farm to flow continuously?

To remove waste and excess nutrients from the system Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred food for common sole in the fish farm?

Ragworms Signup and view all the answers

What role do microalgae play in the fish farming system?

They provide essential nutrients for ragworms Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of waste buildup in a fish farm?

Dangerous conditions for the fish Signup and view all the answers

How does a sustainable fish farm affect the surrounding ocean environment?

It redistributes nutrients back into the ocean Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of ragworms makes them suitable for fish farming?

They grow rapidly on a microalgae diet Signup and view all the answers

Why does a meteoroid speed up as it approaches Earth's atmosphere?

The meteoroid is attracted to the mass of Earth. Signup and view all the answers

What causes bread dough to rise during fermentation?

The dough rises because a gas, carbon dioxide, is produced. Signup and view all the answers

Which two experiments should a cook compare to test if yeast is the cause of the loss of weight in dough?

Experiments 3 and 4. Signup and view all the answers

When heated in the oven, what happens to the gas and vapours in the leavened dough?

They expand. Signup and view all the answers

What role does yeast play in the fermentation process of dough?

Yeast helps transform starch and sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to meteoroids that do not burn up before hitting Earth?

They can make a hole called a crater. Signup and view all the answers

During fermentation, what type of organism is primarily responsible for converting sugars into gas?

Single-celled fungi. Signup and view all the answers

What is likely a result of insufficient fermentation in bread dough?

The baked bread will have a dense texture. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cloning

Dolly was a cloned sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell.
Dolly was identical to sheep 1.
Cloning involves copying from a single master copy.
A very small piece, meaning a cell, was taken from the udder of the adult sheep.
The nucleus of the cell was transferred into an egg cell, that had its own nucleus removed.
The manipulated egg was implanted into another sheep (where Dolly was created from).
Scientists believe cloning humans may be possible in the future, although many governments have established legal restrictions on human cloning.

Daylight

The Earth's rotation on its axis causes daylight and darkness.
The Earth's tilted axis is responsible for the changing seasons.
On June 2022, the longest day of the year for the Northern Hemisphere occurred, whilst the shortest day occurred in Australia (Melbourne).
The longest day in the Southern Hemisphere occurs in December.

Lip Gloss

Lip gloss contains oils and waxes, which mix well together.
Oils and waxes do not mix well with water.
If water is splashed into lip gloss while being heated, the mixture will form fatty lumps that float on top of the water.

Wind Farms

Wind farms use windmills with blades that turn generators that produce electricity.
The amount of wind is variable, and some areas have more consistent wind than others.
Wind speeds vary throughout the year.
The best place for wind farms is in locations with the most consistent high wind speeds.

Ozone

Ozone is important for sustaining life on Earth, acting as a protective shield to absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation.
Ozone found in the troposphere (lower atmosphere) is harmful to living things and is considered "bad" ozone.
Conversely, ozone in the stratosphere is good, preventing UV radiation that is harmful to living things.
Ozone that forms during or after thunderstorms is "bad" ozone, and is formed in the troposphere.

Meteoroids and Craters

Rocks in space that enter Earth's atmosphere are called meteoroids.
Meteoroids heat up and glow as they fall through the atmosphere.
Most meteoroids burn up before hitting Earth's surface.
When a meteoroid hits Earth's surface, it can create a crater.
As a meteoroid approaches Earth and enters the atmosphere it speeds up because it is attracted to the mass of the Earth.

Bread Dough

Fermentation causes dough to rise.
The rise is due to the production of carbon dioxide gas by yeast.
Yeast (a single-celled fungus) transforms starch and sugar in the flour to carbon dioxide and alcohol when fermented.

Major Surgery

Major surgery is performed in specially equipped operating rooms on patients who are ill requiring major interventions and procedures.
Patients undergoing major surgery are frequently given drips containing water, sugars, salts, and sometimes antibiotics or tranquilizers.
Sugars are added to the drip to help with patient nutrition as patients may not be able to have food or drink following the surgery.
The drip solutions help with patient wellness by delivering necessary nutrition.

Mary Montagu

Mary Montagu discovered a method of inoculation during her travels to Turkey and experimented with her son and daughter.
She observed that inoculation or scratching a weak form of smallpox into the skin of healthy young people to develop some immunity without causing severe illness and possibly death from illness.
Edward Jenner later built upon the work of Montagu and others, developing vaccinations to prevent the more significant disease of smallpox and others.
The antibodies made by the body attack bacteria before they can multiply causing harm.

Sustainable Fish Farming

Sustainable fish farming addresses the increasing demand for seafood without harming wild populations.
Key challenges of sustainable fish farms include feeding farmed fish and maintaining water quality.
Sustainable farms have a continuous flow of clean ocean water, removing waste from the water before returning to the ocean.
Sustainable farms grow food to feed the fish, and remove excess food and nutrients.
Microalgae and other organisms are used in sustainable fish farms.

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Description

Test your knowledge on three fascinating topics: cloning, the science of daylight, and the composition of lip gloss. Explore the intricacies of Dolly the sheep, the Earth's rotation, and what lip gloss is made of. This quiz is perfect for science enthusiasts and anyone curious about these subjects.