BIOL 1 Exam 4 Review Questions PDF

**[BIOL 1 Review for Exam 4]** **NOTE: TEST WILL [NOT] BE LIMITED TO THESE QUESTIONS ONLY. THESE ARE ONLY FOR PRACTICE.** TEST WILL HAVE A TOTAL OF 50 QUESTIONS (EACH 2 POINTS). ALL QUESTIONS WILL BE MCQS. Total points will be 100 for the test. All questions will be from the notes only. A few q...

**[BIOL 1 Review for Exam 4]** **NOTE: TEST WILL [NOT] BE LIMITED TO THESE QUESTIONS ONLY. THESE ARE ONLY FOR PRACTICE.** TEST WILL HAVE A TOTAL OF 50 QUESTIONS (EACH 2 POINTS). ALL QUESTIONS WILL BE MCQS. Total points will be 100 for the test. All questions will be from the notes only. A few questions will be to challenge your understanding of the subject or process. 1\) Which two observations led Darwin to conclude that there is competition for survival? A\) Overproduction of organisms and limited food resources B\) Fossils and mutations C\) Gene and allele differences in organisms D\) Natural selection and descent with modification Answer: A 2\) Individuals with variations that make them best suited to their environment are, on average, more likely to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) evolve B\) change over time C\) survive and reproduce D\) become larger Answer: C 3\) Before Darwin published his work, Lamarck and others had suggested mechanisms for evolution. By what means did Darwin propose species evolved over time? A\) Overproduction of young B\) Passing on acquired traits C\) Survival of the strongest D\) Natural selection Answer: D 4\) Natural selection acts on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ evolve. A\) individuals; individuals B\) individuals; populations C\) populations; populations D\) populations; individuals Answer: B 5\) A weed that exhibits resistance to an herbicide \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) developed the resistance in response to the herbicide B\) mutated when exposed to the herbicide C\) inherited the gene that made it resistant to the herbicide D\) is less likely to pass on the gene to the next generation Answer: C 6\) Evolution can be best defined as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) the production of new species B\) change in the composition of populations C\) change in the gene pool of a population D\) always taking a very long time to occur Answer: C 7\) The oldest fossils are typically found in the sediments \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) located closest to the surface B\) located deep under the surface C\) located close to water D\) located close to human dwellings Answer: B 8\) Which of the following is evidence for evolution in action? A\) Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics over time B\) Mosquitoes becoming resistant to pesticides C\) The different domesticated breeds of dogs customized for our needs D\) All are evidence for evolution Answer: D 9\) What is an adaptation? A\) The result of natural selection B\) A specialized feature C\) The accumulation of favorable traits over time D\) All of the above are correct Answer: D 10\) Apples that we find in the grocery store today are much larger and sweeter than those found in the wild hundreds of years ago. Which process is responsible for this change? A\) Resistance to pesticides B\) Artificial selection C\) Survival of the fittest D\) Genetic drift Answer: B 11\) Which of the following are considered fossils? A\) Footprints or other impressions preserved in stone B\) Mineralized bones C\) Animals frozen in ice or preserved in amber D\) All of the above are considered fossils Answer: D 12\) What is the name for the study of the geographic distribution of species? A\) Biogeography B\) Ecology C\) Systematics D\) Taxonomy Answer: A 13\) Comparing the body structures of organisms to find evidence of a shared evolutionary history is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) outgrouping B\) physiology C\) comparative anatomy D\) analogous reconstruction Answer: C 14\) If two organisms of different species share more similar DNA sequences with each other than with other species, we can conclude that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) these two species are not closely related B\) these two species are very closely related C\) these two species happen to share similar DNA by chance D\) there is no relationship between similar DNA and how closely related organisms are Answer: B 15\) Human embryos have a developmental stage during which they have a tail and pharyngeal pouches (those pouches develop into gills in fish). How can we explain these characteristics of human embryos? A\) Human embryos need a tail and gills to breathe during development in the placenta. B\) Human embryos spend time in the water where tails and gills are useful. C\) Human embryos share a common ancestor who had gills. D\) Both A and B are correct. Answer: C 16\) Which of the following are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution by natural selection? A\) The study of the geographic distribution of species on Earth B\) The comparison of DNA sequences in different organisms C\) The comparison of body structures in modern organisms D\) All of the above are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution Answer: D 17\) The modern evolutionary synthesis of the 1930s and 1940s melded together Darwin\'s findings with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) genetics B\) sociology C\) psychology D\) chemistry Answer: A 18\) What is the smallest unit that can evolve? A\) The ecosystem B\) The population C\) The individual D\) The cell Answer: B 19\) What defines a population in evolution? A\) Members of the same community B\) Members of a single species that may, or may not, share a common space C\) Interbreeding members of the same species that share a common space D\) Multiple species interacting together in an ecosystem Answer: C 20\) Which of the following best defines microevolution? A\) Changes in genes between populations B\) Changes in genes within a population over time C\) Changes in genes that do not change the gene pool over time D\) Changes across species but not in genes Answer: B 21\) What does *fitness* mean when speaking in terms of evolution? A\) Level of overall health of the individual B\) How many offspring an individual produces C\) Physical strength of a given individual in a population D\) The size and diversity of the gene pool Answer: B 22\) How old is our planet Earth? A\) 6,000 years old B\) 4.6 million years old C\) 4.6 billion years old D\) We do not have enough information to accurately date the age of Earth. Answer: C 23\) When did life first appear on the planet? A\) 3.5 billion years ago B\) 2.1 billion years ago C\) 3.5 million years ago D\) 2.1 million years ago Answer: A Use the phylogenetic tree below to answer the following question(s). An illustration of a phylogenetic tree of bears is shown. The first level of the tree is divided into two parts. The first part has the Sloth bear. The second part has three sections. The first section has the Sun bear. The second and third sections are further divided into two more sub-sections. The second section has the American black bear and Asiatic black bear. The third section has the Polar bear and Brown bear. 24\) According to this phylogenetic tree, which bear is most closely related to the American black bear? A\) The sun bear B\) The Asiatic black bear C\) The polar bear D\) The brown bear Answer: B 25\) Which of the following statement is correct regarding the phylogenetic tree above? A\) The sun bear\'s closest relative is the sloth bear. B\) The American black bear has no closely related species. C\) The polar bear and the brown bear are the most recently evolved species. D\) Most bears on the phylogenetic tree are extinct. Answer: C 26\) What does the term *biogenesis* mean? A\) Formation of life from preexisting cells B\) Formation of life from nonliving chemicals C\) Formation of chemicals from organic monomers D\) Formation of self-replicating molecules Answer: B 27\) What are the main steps of biogenesis, in the correct order? A\) Polymers, monomers, self-replicating molecules, first cells B\) Self-replicating molecules, monomers, polymers, first cells C\) Monomers, self-replicating molecules, polymers, first cells D\) Monomers, Polymers, self-replicating molecules, first cells Answer: D 28\) What do scientists believe was the original genetic material able to copy itself without assistance? A\) DNA B\) RNA C\) Proteins D\) Carbohydrates Answer: B 29\) Which protective structure forms to protect certain bacteria during periods of harsh conditions? A\) Flagella B\) Biofilm C\) Endospore D\) Capsule Answer: C 30\) Bacteria that have a spherical shape are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) coccus B\) bacillus C\) spirillum D\) spheroid Answer: A 31\) Prokaryotic organisms are present in how many domains? A\) One B\) Two C\) Three D\) Four Answer: B 32\) Which of the following statements is accurate? A\) Prokaryotes nutrition is highly diverse. B\) Prokaryotes come in a variety of shapes. C\) Prokaryotes are found virtually everywhere on Earth. D\) All of the above are accurate statements. Answer: D 33\) Which organisms are called *extremophiles* and flourish mostly in extreme conditions? A\) Protozoans B\) Archaea C\) Bacteria D\) Fungi Answer: B 34\) Which of the following is a way in which bacteria help the environment? A\) They are used to clean water in sewage treatment facilities. B\) They break down dead organisms in the soil and recycle nutrients. C\) They remove pollutants from the environment. D\) All of the above are ways in which bacteria help the environment. Answer: D 35\) Which method of bacterial DNA transfer involves a physical connection between the two bacterial cells? A\) Transformation B\) Transduction C\) Binary fission D\) Conjugation Answer: D 36\) What are plasmids? A\) Small, circular DNA molecules that contain just a few genes and that can be passed on to other bacteria B\) Small, circular RNA molecules that contain just a few genes and that can be passed on to other bacteria C\) Small, circular DNA molecules that contain just a few genes but that cannot be passed on to other bacteria D\) Small, circular RNA molecules that contain many genes but that cannot be passed on to other bacteria Answer: A 37\) What is the endomembrane system? A\) Another name for the endoplasmic reticulum B\) Another name for the Golgi apparatus C\) A group of internal membranes and organelles that are highly connected within a eukaryotic cell D\) A group of vesicles that are highly connected within a eukaryotic cells Answer: C 38\) What is the leading scientific hypothesis explaining how the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells originated? A\) From the inward folding of the plasma membrane B\) From engulfing prokaryotic cells C\) From engulfing eukaryotic cells D\) From the spontaneous formation of phospholipids Answer: A 39\) When did the first eukaryotic cells form? A\) 2.1 thousand years ago B\) 2.1 million years ago C\) 2.1 billion years ago D\) 3.7 billion years ago Answer: C 40\) How did mitochondria and chloroplasts arise in eukaryotic cells? A\) Via endosymbiosis, where mitochondria and chloroplasts were independent prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by a larger cell B\) Via binary fission, where bacteria divided to create mitochondria and chloroplasts C\) Via the endomembrane system that engulfed mitochondria and chloroplasts D\) Via the endomembrane system that enfolded in such a way as to create mitochondria and chloroplasts Answer: A 41\) Based on the endosymbiosis theory that highlights where chloroplasts come from, how would you expect chloroplasts to divide when a plant cell divides? A\) Via mitosis B\) Via meiosis C\) Via binary fission D\) Via endosymbiosis Answer: C 42\) What might be the advantage to an ancestral cell if it maintained a photosynthetic bacterium within its cytoplasm rather than digest it? A\) It could now utilize hydrogen sulfide as an energy source. B\) It could now use photosynthesis to make its food. C\) It could now live in a highly oxygenated environment. D\) It could now use glucose as an energy source. Answer: B 43\) How do viruses make copies of themselves? A\) By taking the nutrients of the host cell they infected B\) By using the cellular machinery of the host cell they infected C\) By digesting the host cell they infected D\) By targeting their host cell for cell death Answer: B 44\) What are the three parts that make up the structure of most viruses? A\) DNA, a plasma membrane, and recognition spikes B\) Nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA), a plasma membrane, and recognition spikes C\) Nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA), a capsid, and recognition spikes D\) RNA, a plasmid, and recognition spikes Answer: C 45\) An infectious circular piece of RNA that can infect plants is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) virus B\) prion C\) viroid D\) capsid Answer: C 46\) Which of the following infects only plants? A\) Virus B\) Prion C\) Viroid D\) Capsid Answer: C 47\) Humans are more related to fungi than to plants. Answer: TRUE 48\) Are all fungi prokaryotes? A\) Yes, all fungi are prokaryotes. B\) No, some are prokaryotes, some are eukaryotes. C\) No, they are all eukaryotes. D\) No, they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes. Answer: C 49\) How do fungi reproduce sexually? A\) By the fusion of zygotes from two different fungi B\) By the fusion of spores from the same individual fungus C\) By the fusion of haploid cells from two different fungi D\) Fungi reproduce only by asexual reproduction Answer: C 50\) Which statement regarding fungal reproduction is *true*? A\) Fungi do not produce spores. B\) Many fungi can reproduce either sexually or asexually. C\) Fungi can only reproduce sexually. D\) All fungi can only reproduce asexually. Answer: B 51\) Where do plants typically store their starches and sugars for later use? A\) In the leaves B\) In the stems C\) In the flowers D\) In the roots Answer: D 52\) If the phloem in a tree trunk were to become blocked, how would this affect the plant? A\) The leaves would dry out. B\) Sugars could not be made. C\) Sugars could not be transported from leaves to roots. D\) Water could not be sent to the roots. Answer: C Global Learning: G2 53\) In which tissue system of plants would you expect to find the guard cells? A\) Dermal tissue system B\) Vascular tissue system C\) Germ tissue system D\) Ground tissue system Answer: A 54\) What are the three tissue systems of plants contained in each plant organ, such as leaves? A\) Dermal, cell wall, and vascular tissue systems B\) Ground, germ, and vascular tissue systems C\) Dermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems D\) Ground, mesophyll, and vascular tissue systems Answer: C 56\) All plant organs (such as leaves, roots, and stems) contain tissues from all three tissue systems. Answer: TRUE 57\) What is a plant tissue? A\) A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function B\) A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function C\) A group of systems work together to perform a specific function D\) There is no such thing as a plant tissue; tissues are only found in animals. Answer: B 58\) What is a plant organ? A\) A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function B\) A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function C\) A group of systems that work together to perform a specific function D\) There is no such thing as a plant organ; organs are only found in animals. Answer: A 59\) What is the correct organization in plants, from smallest to largest? A\) Tissues, organs, tissue systems, cells B\) Cells, organs, tissues, tissue systems C\) Cells, tissues, tissue systems, organs D\) Cells, organs, tissue systems, tissues Answer: B 60\) The xylem primarily transports \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, while the phloem primarily transports \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) sugars; water and minerals B\) oxygen and carbon dioxide; sugars C\) water and minerals; sugars D\) water and minerals; oxygen Answer C 61\) Which of the following is the most recent plant adaptation to have evolved? A\) Seeds B\) Vascular system C\) Flowers D\) Cones Answer: C 62\) What is a fruit? A\) A plant embryo B\) The protective endosperm C\) A swollen plant zygote D\) A mature ovary Answer: D 63\) All vertebrates have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) hair and a backbone B\) a skull and a backbone C\) four limbs and a backbone D\) scales and a backbone Answer: B 64\) Which of the following features are used to identify chordates? A\) A hollow nerve cord B\) A notochord C\) A tail during embryonic development D\) All of the above are features used to identify chordates. Answer: D 65\) Most chordates are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) invertebrates B\) vertebrates C\) mammals D\) None of the above Answer: B 66\) Humans belong to the phylum \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) echinoderms B\) mollusks C\) chordates D\) arthropods Answer: C 67\) Which chordate trait evolved first? A\) Calcium-hardened skeleton B\) Amniotic egg C\) Four limbs D\) Skull and backbone Answer: D 68\) Which is most closely related to the hagfishes? A\) Cartilaginous fishes B\) Tunicates C\) Lampreys D\) Lancelets Answer: C 69\) Compared to mammals and reptiles, what characteristic prevents amphibians from surviving far from water? A\) Their limbs are too weak to support their weight on land. B\) They do not have any lungs and cannot breathe out of the water. C\) Their eggs do not have an amnion to prevent them from drying out. D\) Their cartilaginous endoskeleton would dry out on land. Answer: C 70\) Which group of fishes evolved most recently (in other words, is the youngest)? A\) Bony fishes B\) Hagfishes C\) Cartilaginous fishes D\) Jawless fishes Answer: A 71\) What characterizes terrestrial tetrapods? A\) Lives on land, has four limbs B\) Lives on land, has four sets of chromosomes C\) Lives on land, has four cranial nerves D\) Lives in the water, has four limbs Answer: A 72\) Although exceptions do exist, which is a distinctively amphibian trait? A\) Juveniles have gills, and adults have lungs. B\) Respiration occurs through the skin. C\) Skin is smooth with no scales, feathers, or hair. D\) All of these are distinctive amphibian traits. Answer: D 73\) What is the main difference between amphibians and reptiles? A\) Reptiles are tied to water for reproduction, while amphibians have amniotic eggs that can survive on dry land. B\) Amphibians are tied to water for reproduction, while reptiles have amniotic eggs that can survive on dry land. C\) Neither are tied to water for reproduction. D\) There is little difference between amphibians and reptiles. Answer: B 74\) What is a key morphological difference between fish and amphibians? A\) Fish have gills to extract oxygen from water. B\) Fish have a lateral line system. C\) Amphibians have strong muscular and skeletal systems to support their body on land. D\) Amphibians have amniotic eggs. Answer: C 75\) Birds are a type of reptile. Answer: TRUE 76\) All mammals \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A\) give birth to live young B\) are nocturnal C\) have mammary glands and hair D\) are ectothermic Answer: C 77\) Which of the following group is most closely related to mammals? A\) Amphibians B\) Reptiles C\) Cartilaginous fishes D\) Lancelets Answer: B 78\) All mammals live on land. Answer: FALSE 79\) Which of the following groups is *not* a type of mammals? A\) Eutherians B\) Monotremes C\) Marsupials D\) All of the above are types of mammals Answer: D 80\) Which subgroup of mammals raises their young in pouches? A\) Marsupials B\) Monotremes C\) Eutherians D\) Cetaceans Answer: A 81\) Humans belong to which subgroup of mammals? A\) Marsupials B\) Monotremes C\) Eutherians D\) Cetaceans Answer: C 82\) Which of the following is *not* a primate? A\) Lemurs B\) Apes C\) Monkeys D\) All are primates. Answer: D 83\) Which of the following is human\'s closest living relative? A\) Gibbons B\) Gorillas C\) Chimpanzees D\) Baboons Answer: C 84\) What is the oldest (in other words, most ancient) primate group? A\) Gibbons B\) Lemurs C\) Old World monkeys D\) New World monkeys Answer: B 85\) Which statement is most accurate when describing human evolution? A\) Humans come from chimpanzees. B\) Humans are not related to chimpanzees evolutionarily. C\) Humans share a common ancestor with chimpanzees. D\) Humans are equally related to chimpanzees as to other primates. Answer: C 86\) How long ago did the hominin lineage, the human branch of the evolutionary tree of life, split away from other primate groups? A\) About 6 thousand years ago B\) About 600 thousand years ago C\) About 6 million years ago D\) About 60 million years ago Answer: C 87\) How old is the oldest fossil we have food of our own species, *Homo sapiens*? A\) About 6 million years old B\) About 300 thousand years old C\) About 6 thousand years old D\) About 3 thousand years old Answer: B 88\) Which of the following is a key feature of primates? A\) They are endotherms. B\) They give birth to live young. C\) They have mammary glands. D\) They have a brain that is large in relation to their body. Answer: D 89\) On which continent would you have seen the very earliest members of *Homo sapiens*? A\) Europe B\) Asia C\) Africa D\) Australia Answer: C