Phonology and Speech Part 1 PDF

WHAT DOES LANGUAG E CONSIST OF? PPT 1: LINGUISTICS  What is linguistics? WHAT WE Unpack what is meant by WILL phonological awareness Discuss in general how DO IN language/sounds are made THIS in the body If time permits we will look SESSIO at...

WHAT DOES LANGUAG E CONSIST OF? PPT 1: LINGUISTICS  What is linguistics? WHAT WE Unpack what is meant by WILL phonological awareness Discuss in general how DO IN language/sounds are made THIS in the body If time permits we will look SESSIO at places in the mouth and N throat where different sounds are made LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS Linguistics is the study of language When we say language we don’t mean a specific language. LINGUISTICS DEFINED There are CONT: many Study of the history of Psycholinguistics – languages – Historical thought and speech and how we develop branches linguistics language of linguistics Socio-linguistics – Computational culture, gender, linguistics – bilingualism computers and the analysis of langauge Learning of many languages which is Applied linguistics – Neurolinguistics called polyglottism language teaching, – language and speech training the brain WOW!!! ARE WE GOING TO DO ALL OF THAT IN THIS COURSE? OF COURSE NOT: Linguistics is a whole degree on its own We are only going to learn the issues that relate to us as teachers and aspects that will make us better teachers. Linguistics is not limited to words It goes deeper than just words Linguistics takes words apart IF WE THINK OF A SENTENCE AS A STRING Linguists are OF BEADS interested in the words that are combined together  Linguists spend time looking at the skeleton than the skin. They look at the sound of words rather than the words on a page But they do not ignore writing at all  Words are a tool The words we speak are just coming from our mouths etc. but they are made because of what we are thinking about SO ….WE WILL LOOK AT …. We will look at what these mean – how they relate to us as Phonology teachers to First Additional language teaching Morphology Syntax Plus – we will look at Semantics different genres of children’s books and Neurolinguistics children’s books and language First time they tried to get a computer to translate something from English to Input = output Japenese The drink is right but the meat is The spirit is willing but lousy the flesh is weak LANGUAGE IS MAINLY VOCAL Phonology or phonological awareness is the study of the speech sound SOUND IS PRODUCED BY Sound is produced by the THE VOCAL regulation ORGANS of airflow from the lungs through the throat (vocal cords), nose and mouth Three processes are used when making sound: Initiation/Respiration Phonation Articulation HOW DO WE SPEAK? I have an idea – I want to speak it. I select my words, I select my sentences I select the sounds that I need to make the words I select the sequence in which the sounds, words, sentences are to be produced I select how fast I want to speak, how loudly I want to speak Then you breath in – not as we normally breathe every day. – speech breathing is more complex. INITIATION/ RESPIRATION: BREATH NEEDED FOR SOUND Our lungs provide the air necessary. We can either breath in or out. When we breath in our chest expands and our diaphragm goes up. When we breath out our chest contract and so does our diaphragm goes RESPIRATION CONTINUED Our breathing for oxygen is different than breathing for talking Our normal breathing happens about 12 times a minute. We don’t think about it. People have actually counted and they say we breathe in and out about 20 000 times a day. Breathing for speech is different. When we speak we inhale as much as is comfortable. When we exhale for speech we exhale the air in tiny controlled amounts We control the lungs and our chest. So these need to be developed for speech. Speech breathing is related to our message – what we want to say will, how many words we are going to use and how we are going to speak – whisper etc. BREATHING FOR SPEAKING CONTINUED Children need adequate control over their lungs when they speak. SOMETIMES asthma, chronic lung diseases can affect speaking. SOMETIMES children’s lungs are under developed. PHONATION: MAKING The mouth has the following which SOUND help us make sound: Lips , tongue, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate etc  PHONATION Throat The throat has the following for speech: The pharynx and larynx (contains vocal cords) – larynx will define if you whisper, shout etc.  The larynx is a box of cartilage. Inside the larynx is the glottis which has the vocal cords The vocal cords can open and shut like curtains Larynx is also called the voice box GLOTTIS CLOSE UP Glottis is the space between the vocal folds. Vocal folds are the two moving parts. WATCH THE VIDEO ON HOW SPEECH IS FORMED https://www.britannica.com/video/143183/Speech-sounds-faculty-language Part of learning to speak is for children to learn where to put their tongue to make the correct sounds. A lisp – young children often have a problem with th etc but this normally goes away. If after about a year the child is still lisping then they should see a speech therapist. THE CRAZINESS OF ENGLISH English has 44 sounds e.g. ch, th,ss, We have 20 vowel sounds and 24 consonant sounds. These are the Phonology not alphabet. For example we have 5 vowels but 20 vowel sounds  WE ARE LOOKING NOT AT SPELLING BUT THE SOUNDS These are the 24 consonant sounds in English LET ’ S LOOK AT THESE WORDS Ocean What do Cat you Fence notice? Chat LET ’ S LOOK AT THESE CONSONANTS Pig big What consonant sounds do these sounds represent?  WHICH OF THE 7 SYMBOLS ARE NOT IN THE ENGLISH ALPHABET?  WHICH OF THE 7 SYMBOLS ARE NOT IN THE ENGLISH ALPHABET?  WHICH OF THE SYMBOLS IS MISLEADING BECAUSE OF ITS PRONUNCIATION? LET ’ S LOOK AT THESE WORDS Ocean Cat Fence Chat What about fences? WHAT ’ S THE DIFFERENCE What’s the difference between the C in fences and the S in fences? It’s how we pronounce consonant sounds to make the different sounds CLOSE YOUR EARS Say /s/ as in fence CLOSE YOUR EARS Say /z/ as in fences What difference did you notice?  Do the same sounds with your hand on your throat The term you use when you can feel a sound is called voicing or voiced sounds CONSONANT SPEECH ARE Voiceless/ Air passes freely from the lungs to the larynx unvoiced (curtains are open) e.g. s – like air escaping and p If the vocal cords are Or brought together and the air is forced through making the Voiced (curtains are closed) e.g. b/z cords vibrate. Air doesn’t flow so easily as in /s/ sound Is that a 1. Put your fingers on your bit larynx, adams apple, voice clearer? box 2. Make a [s] sound hissing like a snake. - what does it sound like? 3. Now make a [z] sound like the buzzing of a bee Which one do you think was voiced? Which one was voiceless? PUT YOUR HAND OVER YOUR MOUTH Now say /b/ and /p/ What did you notice? Which sound had more air coming out? VOICED OR UNVOICED? VOICED OR UNVOICED? VOICED CONSONANT SOUNDS These are the sounds (phonology) NOT necessary the alphabet Hold your letters e.g. hand to ng your throat and say the sounds. Does your throat vibrate e.g. b VOICELESS CONSONANTS LOOK AT THIS VIDEO OF TWO DIFFERENT MUSICAL TYPES Watch the mouth, throat and tongue https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2Od Ap7MJAI What did you notice? THE END