Linguistic Competence Review PDF

**Linguistic competence**-is the knowledge of the language code, i.e. its grammar and vocabulary and also of the conventions of its written representation (script and orthography). -Knowledge of the language code. -Ability to create grammatically correct utterances. -Refers to knowledge and skill...

**Linguistic competence**-is the knowledge of the language code, i.e. its grammar and vocabulary and also of the conventions of its written representation (script and orthography). -Knowledge of the language code. -Ability to create grammatically correct utterances. -Refers to knowledge and skill in using language resourcesto form well structured messages. **Sociolinguistic competence**-is the knowledge of sociocultural rules of use, i.e. knowing how to use and respond to language appropriately. -Knowledge of the sociocultural rules of language use in a particular context. -Ability to produce sociolinguistically appropriate utterances. -Refers to knowledge and skills on appropriate language use in a social context. **Discourse competence**-is the knowledge of how to produce and comprehend oral or written texts in the modes of speaking/writing and listening/reading respectively. -Knowledge of achieving coherence and cohesion in a spoken or written text. -Ability to produce coherent and cohesive utterances. -Refers to knowledge andskills related to discourse, text types, and genres, cohesion and coherence. **Strategic competence**-is the ability to recognize and repair communication breakdowns before, during, or after they occur. -Knowledge on the use of communication strategies to avoid breakdowns in communication. -Ability to solve communication problems as they arise. -Refers to the knowledge and skills on the use of verbal and non-verbal strategies to prevent breakdowns in communication. **"Specific grammatical and vocabulary choices can be associated with Formal and Informal English"** **Formal Language/Formal English**-is a type of language resource that is used in formal or serious academic situations. **Informal Language/Informal English-**is a language resource which is used to communicate with friends, relatives and on social media. **Informal English** -Contraction -Personal pronouns -Slang and idioms -Fillers (er, umm, uh) -Shorter sentences -Shortened or less complicated words -Sometimes less proper or less polite **Formal English** -No Contraction -lack of personal pronouns -longer and more complicated sentences -bigger and more sophisticated words -follow etiquette guideline \- sound extremely polite **Communicative competence**- is a term coined by **Dell Hymes** in 1966 in reaction to **Noam Chomsky's** (1965) notion of **"linguistic competence"**. **Dell Hymes**-was an American linguist, sociolinguist, anthropologist, and folklorist. **Coherence**-is the systematic or logical organization of ideas. Techniques: 1\. Thematic 2\. Chronological 3\. Sequential 4\. Inductive 5.Deductive 6\. Spatial **Cohesion**-is the connectedness of sentences and happens when there is a smooth flow of ideas from one to the next. Techniques: 1.Repetition of key words 2\. Reference 3\. Ellipsis 4\. Parallelism 5\. Consistent point of view 6\. Transitional devices **Strategic Competence**: Achievement Strategies: A. Circumlocation is essentially a method ofexplaining a word's definition indetail while not using that word. B. Approximation C. All-Purpose Words 1. Fillers/Hesitation Devices **BLOG**- are frequently updated web pages used for personal commentary or business content. **Characteristics**: often written in a conversational style, devoted to a specific topic, interactive, and sometimes collaborative, with multiple authors writing on a single theme. **Vlog**-A video blog that records the thoughts, opinions, and interests of an individual usually for internet publication and online audience. Links.net- first ever blog created by swarthmore students. **Fake News**-is a term that has can mean different things to different people. There are 2 different types of \"fake news\": **Misinformation**-is false or inaccurate information that is spread regardless of the intent to mislead. **Disinformation**-is false or misleading information that is spread deliberatelywith the intent to deceive **Causes of Fake News** 1\. Social Media: Many people share news on platforms like Facebook and Twitter without verifying its authenticity. 2\. Clickbait: Attention-grabbing headlines that often mislead. 3\. Misinformation: Spreading false information unknowingly. 4\. Political Agendas: Certain groups spread fake news to sway public opinion or influence elections. **Effects of Fake News** 1\. Confusion: People may struggle to discern what's true, leading to misunderstandings. 2\. Fear: Fake news can create unnecessary panic over fabricated issues. 3\. Division: It can cause social rifts based on misinformation. 4\. Trust Issues: People may lose trust in news sources after discovering fake news. **TED TALKS** TED means Technology, Entertainment,Design **TED**-is a non-profit organization that brings together and disseminates ideas through conference and talks. It means Technology entertainment and design. Difference between TED and TEDX **TED** Global approach Independent and does not require licensing Speakers are experts in the specific field Highlights the phrase "Ideas worth Spreading" **TEDX** Local Community appproach Requires Licensing Speakers are not necessarily field experts Logos Indicates the X and its meaning Independently organized TED event and what local community it is based on. **REACTION PAPER** **-** A reaction or response paper requires the writer to analyze a text, then develop commentary related to it. It is a popular academic assignment because it requires thoughtful reading, research, and writing. **Descriptive reaction papers**-These describe your impression on a book, article, or event that your instructor asks you to react to. You simply state what you feel or think after your interaction with the study material. **Critical reaction papers**-This type of reaction paper evaluates your critical skills in analyzing a study material. Such an assignment will involve stating whether you agree or disagree with the creator. **Quantitative reaction papers**-Where the study material or event is measurable, quantitative reaction papers are your probable assignment. You have to find a way to measure the content you read or watch in quantitative terms. **TALK SHOWS** Talk shows have evolved into a significant part of television culture, offering a platform for interviews, discussions, and entertainment. Emerging in themid-20th century, they blend celebrity interviews with topical conversations, often reflecting societal issues and trends. **Talk show**-is a television or radio program where a host or a group of hosts interview guests, discuss various topics, and interact with the audience. These shows can cover a wide range of subjects, including current events, entertainment, politics, lifestyle, and human interest stories.