Linguistic and Communicative Competence Quiz

Linguistic Competence

• Knowledge of grammar and vocabulary
• Ability to create grammatically correct utterances
• Involves using language resources for well-structured language

Sociolinguistic Competence

• Knowledge of sociocultural rules of language use
• Ability to use and respond to language appropriately in context
• Knowledge and skill in using language in a social context

Discourse Competence

• Knowledge of how to produce and comprehend oral or written texts
• Ability to achieve coherence and cohesion in a spoken or written text
• Knowledge and skills related to discourse, text types, genres, cohesion, and coherence.

Strategic Competence

• Ability to recognize and repair communication breakdowns
• Knowledge on the use of communication strategies to avoid breakdowns in communication
• Ability to solve communication problems as they arise
• Knowledge and skills on the use of verbal and non-verbal strategies to prevent breakdowns in communication

Formal Language/Formal English

• Used in formal or serious academic situations

Informal Language/Informal English

• Used to communicate with friends, relatives, and on social media

Informal English Characteristics

• Utilizes contractions
• Features personal pronouns
• Includes slang and idioms
• Fills with "er", "umm", "uh"
• Uses shorter sentences
• Employs shortened or less complicated words
• Less proper or less polite

Formal English Characteristics

• Avoidance of contractions
• Lack of personal pronouns
• Uses longer and more complicated sentences
• Utilizes bigger and more sophisticated words
• Follows etiquette guidelines
• Sounds extremely polite

Communicative Competence

• Coined توسط Dell Hymes in 1966
• A reaction to Noam Chomsky's (1965) notion of "linguistic competence"
• Refers to the ability to use language effectively in real-world situations, taking into account social and cultural factors

Dell Hymes

• American linguist, sociolinguist, anthropologist, and folklorist

Coherence

• Systematic or logical organization of ideas
• Techniques include: thematic, chronological, sequential, inductive, deductive, spatial

Cohesion

• Connectedness of sentences, creating a smooth flow of ideas
• Techniques include: repetition of key words, reference, ellipsis, parallelism, consistent point of view, transitional devices

Strategic Competence - Achievement Strategies

• Circumlocation: Explaining a word's definition in detail without using the word itself
• Approximation: Using a similar word or phrase to approximate the intended meaning
• All-Purpose Words: Using general words or phrases that can fit various contexts
• Fillers/Hesitation Devices: Using words like "er" or "um" to pause or fill gaps in communication

Blog

• Frequently updated web pages used for personal commentary or business content
• Characteristics: conversational, focused, interactive, sometimes collaborative

Vlog

• Video blog that records thoughts, opinions, and interests of an individual for online publication

Links.net

• First ever blog, created by Swarthmore students

Fake News

• Term with different meanings for different people
• Two types: misinformation and disinformation

Misinformation

• False or inaccurate information spread regardless of intent to mislead

Disinformation

• False or misleading information spread deliberately with intent to deceive

Causes of Fake News

• Social media sharing without verification
• Clickbait headlines
• Misinformation spread unknowingly
• Political agendas to sway public opinion or influence elections

Effects of Fake News

• Confusion about what is true
• Fear from fabricated issues
• Social rifts based on misinformation
• Trust issues in news sources

TED TALKS

• TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design

TED

• Non-profit organization that disseminates ideas through conferences and talks
• Global approach
• Independent, doesn't require licensing
• Speakers are experts
• Highlights the phrase "Ideas worth Spreading"

TEDX

• Local community-based approach
• Requires licensing
• Speakers are not necessarily field experts
• Logo indicates the "X" and its meaning as an independently organized TED event.

Reaction Paper

• Analysis of a text followed by commentary
• Types: Descriptive, Critical, Quantitative

Descriptive Reaction Papers

• Expresses the writer's impression on a book, article, or event

Critical Reaction Papers

• Evaluates the writer's analytical skills by stating agreement or disagreement

Quantitative Reaction Papers

• Analyzes the study material or event through measurable terms

Talk Shows

• Significant part of television culture, blending celebrity interviews with topical conversations.
• Emerged in the mid-20th century, reflecting societal issues and trends.

Talk Show

• A television or radio program with a host or hosts who interview guests, discuss various topics, and interact with the audience.
• Topics cover current events, entertainment, politics, lifestyle, and human interest stories.