Pain, Fever, Inflammation, and Anesthetics Drug Table.pdf

PAIN, FEVER, AND INFLAMMATION Drug Name and Class Mechanism of Action Use(s) Adverse Effects Contraindications Nursing Implications SALICYLATES prototype: aspirin - inhibits pros...

PAIN, FEVER, AND INFLAMMATION Drug Name and Class Mechanism of Action Use(s) Adverse Effects Contraindications Nursing Implications SALICYLATES prototype: aspirin - inhibits prostaglandins - mild to moderate pain - GI bleeding children and teenagers - give with food - possibly works on relief (petechiae, bruising, under 18- causes Reye’s - handle overdose hypothalamus to block - risk reduction for black/tarry stools, syndrome - avoid near surgeries effects of pyrogens cardiac events (81 mg) vomiting blood) (encephalopathy, hepatic (2 weeks before and - stops synthesis of - toxicity- salicylism damage) after) thromboxane A2 (tinnitus, dizziness, - do not take other difficulty hearing, anticoagulants confusion) Drug Name and Class Mechanism of Action Use(s) and Route(s) Adverse Effects Contraindications Nursing Implications NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESIC ANTIPYRETIC prototype: acetaminophen - acts directly on -reduce fever - hepatotoxicity -hypersensitivity - overdose caution- hypothalamus -mild pain relief - *alternative to NSAIDs -hepatic impairment OTC labeling due to lack of GI confusion effects* - max of 4 g daily - normally safe doses can be toxic for alcohol abusers - signs of toxicity: jaundice - treat overdose: acetylcysteine Drug Name and Class Mechanism of Action Use(s) and Route(s) Adverse Effects Contraindications Nursing Implications NSAIDs Proprionic Acid blocks COX-1 and - mild-moderate pain - BBW: increased risk for Derivatives COX-2 relief cardiovascular events - caution with prototype: ibuprofen - fever reduction - GI effects/bleeds anti-clotting agents and - treat inflammation from (caution with around surgery arthritis anti-clotting agents and - treat initial gout attacks around surgeries) Naproxen blocks COX-1 and prototype NSAID for - stays active in body COX-2 migraines longer, so normally only taken twice a day - OTC not recommended in children