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Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action for aspirin as a salicylate?
Which of the following adverse effects is specifically associated with aspirin?
Which patient population should avoid aspirin due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome?
What is the maximum recommended daily dosage of acetaminophen?
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What nursing implication is important when administering aspirin?
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Which condition is NOT a contraindication for acetaminophen?
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What is a primary sign of toxicity in individuals who abuse alcohol?
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What is a key mechanism by which acetaminophen acts to reduce fever?
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Which of the following symptoms is associated with salicylism, a potential toxicity from aspirin?
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Which medication is specifically used to treat an overdose in alcohol abusers?
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What is a common mechanism of action for Proprionic Acid derivatives like ibuprofen?
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Which condition can NSAIDs like ibuprofen effectively treat?
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What should be monitored due to the increased risk associated with NSAIDs?
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Why is the use of naproxen not recommended for children without medical advice?
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In patients taking NSAIDs, what is a significant contraindication that nurses should consider?
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When treating inflammation caused by arthritis, which route is appropriate for administering NSAIDs?
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Study Notes
Salicylates
- Aspirin inhibits prostaglandins, potentially affecting the hypothalamus to block pyrogens.
- Used for mild to moderate pain relief and risk reduction for cardiac events at a dosage of 81 mg.
- Adverse effects include GI bleeding, salicylism (tinnitus, dizziness), and possible toxicity leading to confusion.
- Contraindicated in children and teenagers due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome; avoid using under 18.
- Nursing implications include administering with food, managing overdose situations, and avoiding use before/after surgery (2 weeks).
Non-Narcotic Analgesic Antipyretic
- Acetaminophen acts directly on the hypothalamus to reduce fever and provide mild pain relief.
- Considered an alternative to NSAIDs, particularly for those with gastrointestinal concerns.
- Major adverse effect is hepatotoxicity, especially in those with hypersensitivity or hepatic impairment.
- Nursing implications emphasize caution for overdose (maximum of 4g daily), educating on risks for alcohol abusers, and recognizing jaundice as a sign of toxicity.
- Acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose.
NSAIDs
- Proprionic Acid Derivatives, such as ibuprofen, block COX-1 and COX-2 to alleviate mild to moderate pain and reduce fever.
- Used to treat inflammation associated with arthritis and initial gout attacks.
- Black Box Warning for increased cardiovascular event risk; GI bleeding is a notable adverse effect.
- Caution is advised when taken with anti-clotting agents and near surgical procedures.
- Naproxen, a prototype NSAID for migraines, has a longer active duration requiring only twice-daily dosing; not typically recommended for children.
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Description
This quiz covers the pharmacological aspects of pain, fever, and inflammation, focusing on the use of salicylates, particularly aspirin. Examine the mechanisms of action, uses, adverse effects, contraindications, and nursing implications associated with this drug class. Enhance your understanding of pain management and the role of nursing in medication administration.
