Microbiology Past Paper PDF

Page 1 to2 2 A bacterial strain is considered susceptible to an antibiotic if MIC: TC is: a) 8 : 8 b) 8 : 2 c) 16 : 8d) 8 : 4 !e) 8 : 32 3 Anaerobic conditions are created by the following methods: !a) mechanical b) physical !c) chemical !d) biological e) synthetic 4 At the third step of bacterio...

Page 1 to2 2 A bacterial strain is considered susceptible to an antibiotic if MIC: TC is: a) 8 : 8 b) 8 : 2 c) 16 : 8d) 8 : 4 !e) 8 : 32 3 Anaerobic conditions are created by the following methods: !a) mechanical b) physical !c) chemical !d) biological e) synthetic 4 At the third step of bacteriological method the workload includes: a) determination of biochemical activity b) study of morphotinctorial character !c) study culture character !d) susceptibility test (antibiotic) e) inoculation on slant agar 5 Bacteria with elongated shape are: ! Escherichia coli (E. coli) ! Bacillus subtilis ! Clostridium tetani ! Mycobacterium tuberculosis ! Salmonella enterica ! Listeria monocytogenes ! Corynebacterium diphtheriae 6Bacteriophages attach to the specific receptors of: !a) cellular wall of bacteria b) capsule c) pilli d) flagella !e) cytoplasmic membrane 7Culture media must correspond to the following requirements: a) possess a slightly acidic reaction !b) be sterile !c) possess a certain potential redox d) be hypotonic !e) be nutritious 8 Efficiency control of Sterilization to 121°C in autoclave is performed using the following indicator: 9Enzymes participating in biological oxidation reactions are: * oxidoreductase 10 In the first stage of isolation of pure culture of aerobic bacteria the workload includes: !a) determination of biochemical activity !b) study of morphologic and tinctorial features !c) study of culture features of bacteria d) streaking on agar plate e) innoculation in peptone broth 11 Ineffectiveness of antibiotic is confirmed by: !a) increase of C-reactive protein b) decrease of C-reactive protein c) increase of sedimentation rate of erythrocyte d) normalization of leukocyte formula !e) detection of causative agent by microscopy 12 Inhibition of synthesis of nucleic acid is performed by: a) polyenes b) sulphamide c) quinolones !d) rifampicin e) beta-lactam 13 Lag phase is also known as -adaptation phase 14 Pasteurization is performed at temperature: !c) 61-650C for 30 min !e) 85-900C for 10-15 sec 15 Pasteurization is performed at temperature: !c) 61-650C for 30 min !e) 85-900C for 10-15 sec 16 Specify the correct statements: A toxoid is a modified exotoxin that: a) they form antimicrobial immunity !b) they develop atitoxic immunity !c) they are immunogenic d) they do not have antigenicity !e) they develop active artificial immunity 17 The aim of sample fixation is: !a) to fix bacteria on the slide b) to study mobility !c) to kill of bacteria d) to study bacterial ultrastructure !e) stronger affinity to dyes 18 The concentration of agar to obtain semi solid media is 19 The function of fimbriae are: Adhesion, participate in conjugation of bacteria 20 The method of highlighting of spores is AUJESZKY METHOD 21 The period of time of generation of pathogenic bacteria may be the following: 12 MINS-12HRS 22 Toxin spreading through blood is called: -Toxinemia 23 Transport of nutrients through the cell membrane occurs by the following mechanisms: simple diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport 24 What a hapten is !a) they do not have immunogenicity b) they are immunogenic but do not react with specific Abs !c) they are not immunogenic but react with specific Abs d) theyare immunogenic and react with specificAbs e) they are proteic by nature !f) it is a type of antigen 25 What are the advantages of the indirect haemagglutination reaction compared to the agglutination reaction: 26 What is the chemical composition of the immunoglobulin molecule 27 What is the pathological condition that may be triggered by the administration of a heterologous serum: 28 What of the following are particularities of the toxoids 29 What part of the antigen is recognised in the acquired immunity: 30 Which of the following are cytotoxic bacterial exotoxins: 31 which of the following bacteria belong to prokaryotic cell type: !a) viruses b)iroids prions Almhde atwh group M1766d)eubacteria e) fungi 32 Which of the following Ig class prevails quantitatively in the blood serum: 33 Which of the following are correct statements about an antibody: 34 Which of the following are live attenuated vaccines: 35 Which of the following are particularities of IgA 36 Which of the following are reagents used in indirect immunofluorescence reaction: 37 Which of the following are specific characteristics of bacterial exotoxins: 38 Which of the following are structural virulence factors of bacteria: 39 which of the following cellular structure contains peptidoglycan: a)cell membrane b)glycocalis c) spores !d) cell wall e) flagella 40 Which of the following components is present in gram-negative bacteria but not in gram-positive bacteria? 41 Which of the following IS NOT characteristic fo IgG class 42 Which of the following items could be sterilised by dry heat Sterilisation 43 Which of the following serological reactions are used to detect soluble antigens  Pg-03 1. S" colonies are characterized by the following features: !a) are dome-shaped !b) they are transparent or semitransparent !c) they are easily separated from the medium d) their margins are irregular e) they have granular structure 2. A cultivation of anaerobic bacteria the following methods are used to produce anaerobiosis: !a) mechanic method b) synthetic method !c) chemical method !d) physical method !e) Fortner(biological) method 3. According to the Gram staining bacteria are classified into: !a) Gram-negative bacteria b) non-acid fast bacteria !c) Gram-positive bacteria d) acid fast bacteria !e) non-reactive bacteria 4. Active artificial immunity is produced by: a) administration of immune serums !b) vaccination c) maternal Abs d) suffering from infection e) using immunomodulators  5. Agar is used for solidifing of culture media because: !a) it does not affect the growth of microorganisms !b) it does not add to the nutritive properties of the medium c) the melting and solidifing points of agar are not the same d) it affects the growth of bacteria e) it increases biochemical properties of bacteria 6. Antibiotics can inhibit the following cell processes: !a) synthesis of cell wall components !b) function of cytoplasmic membrane !c) synthesis of proteins !d) transcription and synthesis of nucleic acids e) synthesis of capsule 7. Antigen binding with homologous antibody in colloidal solutionis: a) agglutination !b) precipitation c) hemolysis d) flocculation e) neutralization 8. Artificial passive immunity is ensured by: !a) administration of immune serums b) vaccination c) maternal Abs d) suffering from infection e) using immunomodulators  9. At the second step of isolation of aerobic culture the work load includes: !a) determination of biochemical activity b) study of morphotinctorial character !c) study of culture features d) streaking on agar plate !e) stroke (inoculation) on slant agar 10. Autoclaving is performed at following temperatures regimens: a) 1000C b) 1100C !c) 1200C !d) 1340C e) 1600C 11. Bacteria are classified according to the type of respiration into: a) nitrophile !b) aerobe !c) anaerobe !d) facultative anaerobe e) carboxyphile 12. Bacteria with increased resistance to environmental factorsis: a) are pathogenic b) are cultivated in lab !c) have sporulated forms d) are mobile,with pathogenicity enzyme e) have the ability for adhesion  13. Bacterial arrangement in a packets of eight cells is named: a)diplococcus b)staphylococcus c)tetrads d)streptococcus !e)sarcina 14. Beef extract is obtained by the following methods: a) in a refrigerator at 0 0C b) in a refrigerator at -4, -8 0C c) at room temperature !d) in thermostat at 370C !e) in water bath at 1000C 15. Characteristic features of eukaryotic cells: !a) they have 80S ribosomes !b) they have nuclear membrane c) they contain mesosomes !d) they contain endoplasmic reticulum e) they have 70S ribosomes Pg 4-5 1. Chemical compounds specific for capsule are: a) flagellin b) peptidoglycan !c) polysaccharides d) phospholipids !e) polypeptide 2. substances that alter cell wall of bacteria are: a) fatty acids b) soaps c) detergents !d) phenols !e) formaldehyde Choose bacteria with defective cell wall: !a) protoplast !b) spheroplast c) spirochete d) sarcina !e) L forme 3. Choose methods of study of bacterial motility: a) dark field microscopy b) phase-contrast microscopy !c) electron microscopy d) luminescent microscopy e) in the semiliquid agar 4.. Choose nonspecific cellular factor of resistance: !a) phagocytes !b) interferons !c) lysine d) B lymphocytes e) IgA. 5. Choose polymorphic forms of bacteria: a) coccus b) bacterium c) clostridia !d) mycoplasma e) spirilla 6. Choose the colors and reagents used in Burri-Ginss staining: 7. choose the complex method of staining: !a) gram staining !b) aujeszky staining !c) zeihl-neelsen staining d)loeffler (volutine granule)staining e)methylene blue staining 8. choose the dyes used for staining of bacteria: a)hematoxylin !b) methylene blue !c) fuchsine d)methionine e)crystal violet 9. choose the essential structure of the bacterial cell: a)capsule b)flagella !c)ribosomes d)fimbriae e)inclusions 10.-choose the indirect methods of studying flagella: a)inoculation in agarslant !b) wet mount method c)burri-ginss method d)loeffler method !e)hanging-drop 11.Choose the method of fixation of smear from sputum: a) by heating b) !b) Nikiforov mixture c) c) biochemical d) d) physical e) e) at room temperature 12.Choose the microscopic methods used in microbiology: a) immunofluorescence microscopy b) immersion optical microscopy !c) dry objective optical microscopy d) electron microscopy !e) phase contrast microscopy 13.Choose the complex method of highlighting the volutine granules a)Gram method !b) Loeffler method c) Allbert method d)Ziehl-Neelsen method e)Burri-Gins method 14.Choose the structural elements specific for viruses: !a) capsid !b) capsomeres c) capsule !d) glycocalyx f) DNA 15.Choose the taxonomic categories used to name the species of bacteria: !a) Species b) Family c) Order !d) Genus e) Class 16.Cocci arranged in pairs or solitary are: !a) streptococci b) staphylococci !c) diplococcic d) tetracocci e)sarcina 17.Coexistence of m/o and macro-organisms where one benefits of the other without producing damage is called: a) interference b) parasitism !c) commensalism d) synergism e) mutualism 18.. Colloidal antigens are identified by the following tests: !a) ring precipitation test !b) simple immunodiffusion (Mancini) test !c) immunoelectrophoresis test d) haemagglutination test e) tubes agglutination test 19.Combination of antibiotics in antimicrobial treatment isindicated: !a) before the antibiotic susceptibility test !b) in mixed infections c) in viral infections !d) to obtain synergetic effects e) in any infection 20.Complete destruction of microorganisms in the substrate at high temperatures is called: a) tyndalyzation b) pasteurization !c) sterilization d) freezing e) lyophilization 21.Complex media are classified according to purpose into the following groups: a) usual (simple) medium b) elective medium !c) differential diagnosis medium !d) enrichment medium e) alternative medium 22.Compounds that can be found in Gram-positive wall cells are: a) lipopolysaccharide b) outer membrane !c) teichoic acids d) lipoteichoic acids !e) peptidoglycan 23.Conditions that ensure high resistance of the spore in unfavorable environment are: a) it contains high amount of lipoprotein !b) it contains high amount of salts of Ca !c) it contains high amount of dipicolinic acid d)it contains phosphates !e) it does not contain free water 24.Culture media according to origine are classified into: a) commercial media b) !b) empiric media c) c) artificial media d) d) semisynthetic media e) !e) synthetic media 25.Culture media are classified according to consistence: Liquid, semi-solid, solid 26.Culture media are classified according to their composition into: a) dosed media b) empiric media !c) common(ordinary) media d) complex media !e) synthetic media 27.Culture media for cultivation of heterotroph bacteria must contain sources of: a) sulphur b) !b) nitrogen c) !c) carbon  d) d) iron e) e) magnesium 28.Culture media must correspond to the following requirements: a) possess a slightly acidic reaction b) !b) be sterile c) !c) possess a certain potential redox d) d) be hypotonic e) !e) be nutritious 29.Curative sera according to purpose are classified: 2 30.Determination of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics by disc diffusion method includes the following steps: !a) inoculation of bacterial culture (m/o) b)identification of pure culture !c) application of antibiotic wafers d) incubation in the thermostat at 37°C !e) assessment of sterile zone diameter 31.Determination of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is indicated in thefollowing cases: !a) septicemia b) postoperative wounds c) acute pneumonia d) renal failure !e) subacute endocarditis  32.Direct methods of highlighting of cytoplasmic membrane are: !a) the electron microscopy !b) plasmolysis !c) plasmoptisis d) Burri-Ginss method e) Foelgen method 33.Efficiency of bacteriological method is provided if: * samples are harvested from affected foci * specimens are taken before treatment with antibiotics * samples are transported urgently to the lab 34.Enzymatic activity of bacteria is studied in the following nutrition media : * Differentialdiagnostic media 35.Exotoxins can be neutralised by 36.For the selection of endospore-forming bacteria, a mixed culture can be heated at 37.Gram positive cells have a: *Gram-positive cells have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in the cell wall that retains the primary stain, crystal violet. * have pores 38.Gram stain is used for: * diagnosis * highlighting of acid fast bacteria 39.Growth and multiplication of bacteria occurs in the following stages,EXEPT: * anabiosis 40.High concentration of IgM proves the following: *acute infection 41. How can you determine if the organism is a prokaryote or eukaryote: *The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. The nucleus is where eukaryotes store their genetic information Page no 6-15 In decline phase bacterial cultures are characterized by the following features: a) the growth rate is null b) the number of inoculated bacteria remains stationary c) the number of bacteria increase in geometric progression !d) the rate of destruction of bacteria is gradually increasing e) sensitivity to antibiotic is maximum 1. In Gram staining the decolorization of gram-negative bacteria by alcohol is mostly related to: a) proteins encoded by F plasmids b) !b) lipids in the cell wall c) c) 70S ribosomes d) d) the presence of large and superficial pores e) branched polysaccharides in the capsule 2. In medical practice the following are used: a) alcohol 40°C for the mucosa processing b) alcohol 70°C for the skin processing !c) alcohol 96°C for the skin processing d) 4% formol for mucosa processing e) hydrogen peroxide (3% H2O2) for the wound processing 3. Inhibition of synthesis of nucleic acid is performed by: a) polyenes b) sulphamide c) quinolones !d) rifampicin e) beta-lactam 4. Isolation of anaerobes is done by: !a) Zeissler method b) Otto method  c) Furt method d) Fisher method !e) Weinberg method 5. List the microscopic methods for studying native preparations: !a) phase contrast microscopy !b) dark field microscopy c) electron microscopy d) bright microscopy e) luminescence microscopy 6. Lysozym is present in the following fluids of the body, except for: a) saliva b) nasal mucus c) tears !d) spinal fluid e) tissues 7. Mechanical method of sterilization includes the following: a) use of ultrasound !b) filtration by Seitz filters !c) use of Berkefeld filters d) washing of objects with detergents e) exposure to sunlight 8. Metachromatic granules are concentrated crystals of: a) sulfur b) lipids c) dipicolinic acid !d)polymetaphosphate(PO4) e) faty acids  9. Microbes from the primary focus can be spread in the following way: !a) contiguous !b) lymphatic !c) by blood d) by platless !e) by macrophages 10. Molecular biology techniques: !a) are based on the ability of a single-stranded nucleic acid sequence (DNA or RNA) to bind specifically to its complementary sequence (based on the concept of molecular hybridization) !b) are intended to emphasize nucleic acids c) their sensitivity can be increased by amplification d) can provide only a qualitative result e) the PCR is the most commonly used technique 11. Motility is best seen with a: a) negative stain b) flagellar stain !c) hanging drop preparation d) Gram stain e) Loeffler stain 12. Natural active immunity is ensured by: a) administration of immune serum b) vaccination c) maternal Abs !d) after infection e) vaccine therapy 13. MC Negative effects of antibiotics therapy may be: !a) toxic b) dysbiosis c) linear evolution of C-reactive protein !d) increased concentration of "R"plasmids ( resistance) !e) sensitizing effects(allergy) 14. Passive natural immunity is produced by: a) administration of immune serum b) vaccination !c) maternal antibodies d) during infection e) vaccinotherapy 15. Pathogenicity is: a) a microbial feature of the species !b) an individual feature of m/o c) a hereditary feature determined by the genome !d) the pathogenicity degree measured in pathogenicity units !e) a phenotypic character 16. Peptone broth contains the following ingredients: !a) peptone b) glucose c) sodium chloride !d) beef extract e) distilled water 17. Polyenes (nystatin, levurin e) are antibiotics active in relation to: a) viruses b) gram-negative bacteria c) acid fast bacteria !d) candida !e) pathogenic mycetes 18. Proteolytic activity of bacteria is determined by highlighting of the following metabolic products: !a) ammonia !b) indol !c) organic acids d) hydrogen sulfide e) carbon dioxide 19. Secondary immune response is characterized by: a) 4-7 days duration b) 5-6 hours duration c) IgM !d) IgG !e) appearance of B-memory cells 20. Select which of the following structure elements is not specific for prokaryotic cells: a) cell membrane b) plasmids !c) nuclear membrane d) cell wall e) volutin granules 21. Seroidentification is: a) identification of bacterial species with diagnostic serums !b) determination specific Abs with known Ags c)complement titering in diagnostic serum d) identification of compliment in patient'sserum e)identification of antiglobulins  22. Specific features of order Firmicutes are: !a) tick cell wall !b) in the cell wall peptidoglycan predominate !c) they are Gram-positive d) they lack cell wall e) they are Gram-negative 23. Specific functions of capsule are: !a) it prevents desiccation b) it is nutritive reserve !c) it has the antigenic specificity (Ag K) d) it ensures transfer of genetic information !e) it ensures adherence of bacteria to the substrate 24. Specify the name of bacteria containing a tuft of flagella at both poles: a) lophotrichous bacteria b) monotrichous bacteria !c) amphitrichous bacteria d) peritrichous bacteria e) atrichous bacteria 25. Sructural factors that provide microbial aggressionare: a) flagella !b) pili !c) glycocalyx !d) surface antigens !e) capsule 26. Sterilization is indispensable for: !a) Instruments that penetrate the outer layers of the organism and tissues b) injectable and perfusion drugs c) instruments in contact with skin d) contaminated samples from labs !e) instruments in contact with mucosa 27. Sterilization with hot air is indicated for the following: a) fabrics and cotton fibers !b) contaminated materials(specimens) from the lab c) powders d) injectable solutions e) items from rubber 28. The antibacterial effect of pasteurization is based on: a) cavitation !b) thermal shock c) appearance of OH radicals and O2 !d) moist heat e) changing of the surface tension of the cell wall 29. The arrangement of bacterial spore in the cell is: !a) terminal b) bipolar !c) subterminal !d) central e) chaotic 30. The arrangement of the spherical forms of bacteria in the smear are: !a) in pairs !b) chains c) icosahedral shape !d) clusters e) in the form of inverted tree 31. The cell wall functions are: a) it determines toxicity of bacteria b) it is the target of attack of enzymes !c) it has receptor function !d) it ensures mobility of bacteria e) it has antiphagocytic function 32. The determination of antibiotic susceptibility of a microbial strain is done by: a) successive dilutions in liquid medium b) Otto method !c) successive dilutions in solid medium !d) agar diffusion procedure e) Appelman method 33. MC The essence of simple method of staining is: !a) it determines the shape of bacteria b) it highlights the cell wall of bacteria !c) it determines the arrangement of bacteria in smear d) it determines the tinctorial properties of bacteria e) it highlights spores of bacteria 34. choose the essential structure of the bacterial cell: a)capsule b)flagella !c)ribosomes d)fimbriae e)inclusions 35. The features characteristic of prokaryotic cells are: a) they have 80S ribosomes b) they have nuclear membrane !c) they contain mesosomes d) they contain endoplasmic reticulum !e) they have 70S ribosomes 36. The first reagent used in Ziehl-Neelsen staining is: a) safranin b) HCl !c) carbolic fuchsin d)methylene blue e) alcohol 37. The following types of microbial antagonism are distinguished: a) alternative type b) biochemical type !c) bacteriolytic !d) bacteriocidal !e) bacteriostatic 38. The function of bacterial endospore is: a) protein synthesis b)storage c) reproduction !d)survival e) source of energy 39. The genetic system is located in the prokaryotes in: !a) nucleoid b) cell membrane !c) nuclear particles d) plasmids e) nucleolus 40. The group of bacteria with mobility property is: a) coccus b) bacterium c) rickettsia !d) vibrio !e) spirillum 41. The measures that are taken to avoid contamination of environment and substrates are called: ans:-BIOREMEDIATION 42. The methods of fixation of smears are: a) biological b) biophysical !c) physical(heating) !d) chemical e) biochemical 43. The nonessential structure of bacterial cells is: !a) spore !b) capsule c) cytoplasmic membrane d) ribosomes e) cell wall 44. The nonessential structure of bacterial cells is: !a) spore !b) capsule c) cytoplasmic membrane d) ribosomes e) cell wall 45. The nonessential structure of bacterial cells is: !a) spore !b) capsule c) cytoplasmic membrane d) ribosomes e) cell wall 46. The predominant chemical component of cell walls of gram-positive bacteria is: !a) peptidoglycan b)lipoprotein c) lipopolysaccharide !d)teichoic acids e)phospholipids 47. The specific color Gram positive bacteria is: a)purple b) brown tan c)green d) red-pink !e)blue 48. The specific elements of eucariotic cells are: !a)80S ribosomes b) cell wall !c) mitochondria d) plasmids !e)endoplasmic reticulum 49. The specific elements of prokaryotic cell are: !a) cell wall b) Golgi apparatus !c) cytoplasmic membrane d) nucleolus !e) nucleoid 50. The stages of viral replication are: !a) attachment b) chemotaxis !c) penetration !d) uncoating e) biosynthesis 51. The structural elements of viruses are: !a)capsomers !b) capsid !c) envelope d) endospores e) nucleic acids 52. The structural elements specific for complex viruses are: !a) capsid !b) envelope c) capsule d) cell wall !e) nucleic acids 53. The structural elements that ensure adherence of microorganisms to the cells are: !a)cell wall b) capsule !c) fimbriae d) spores e) cytoplasmic membrane 54. The structures that ensure fixation of chili to Gram negative bacteria are: !a) cytoplasmic membrane b) capsule c) periplasmic space !d) peptidoglycan e) external membrane 55. The taxonomic categories that are written in capital letters are: !a) Class !b) Order !c) Family !d) Genus e) Species 56. The taxonomic categories used to name bacterial species are: a) Schizomycetes b) Micrococcaceae !c) Staphylococcus aureus d) Bacillus !e) Bacillus anthracis 57. three sugar iron agar) medium consists of the following: !a) glucose !b) lactose !c) sucrose d) urea e) lead acetate 58. The types of bacterial pili are: !a) common pili (fimbriae) !b) conjugative pili c) the parietal pili d) the lateral pili e) transversal pili 59. The types of bacterial plasmids are: a) tox plasmids !b)col plasmids !c) V plasmids !d) R plasmids !e) Hly plasmids 60. Toxoids are obtained from microbial strands having the following particularities: Toxigenic 61. Transitory presence of bacteria in blood without multiplication is called Bacterienemia 62. Type "R" colonies are characterized by the following features: reinoculation in liquid medium forms granular sediment they have a granular structure 63. What class of Ig manifests antimicrobial activity on the mucous membranes: IgA 64. What class of immunoglobulins is present in the blood of the newborn: IgG 65. Which class of imunoglobulin has a pentamer structure: a) IgG b) IgD c) IgA d) IgE !e) IgM 66. Which of the following are characteristic of endotoxins: a) they determine only gram-positive bacteria b) they are easily released into the extracellular medium !c) they produce an intoxication of the organism !d) they `trigger the synthesis of specific agglutinins !e) they do not have any specific effect on the organs and tissues 67. Live attenuated vaccines have the following advantages: !a) they always produce a reaction b) they produce life immunity !c) they produce an efficient and long-term immunity d) they multiply in the vaccinated organism !e) they induce an inapparent infection 68. Which of the following Ag produced adhesion on host receptors: a) O-somatic b) H-flagelar !c) F-piliar d) K-capsular e) Vi-virulence 69. Which of the following antibiotic agent would be expected most toxic to humans: ANS: Cephalosporin 70. Which of the following antimicrobial agents work by inhibiting cell wallsynthesis: !a) cefalosporins !b) penicillin c) nystatin d) levorin e) vancomycin 71. Which of the following are transmission pathways for pathogens: !a) transmissive !b) aerial c) anaerobic !d) food !e) direct contact 72. Which of the following are even smaller than viruses: Ans:prions , viroid 73. Which of the following are invasive enzymes characteristic of pathogenic m/o: !a) hyaluronidase b) synthesis !c) lecitinase d) transferase !e) collagenase 74. Which of the following are involved in neutralization of microbialtoxins: a) toxoid !b) antitoxins (Abs) c) agglutinins d) precipitins e) lysins 75. Which of the following are particularities of asuperantigen: Answer:are capable of activating a large number of T-lymphocytes Binds directly to the lateral aspect of V regions of TCR beta chain 76. IgM immunoglobulins have the following features: !a) they are the first ones to appear after antigenic stimulus b) they have a strong action on Gram-negative bacteria !c) opsonization of phagocytosis !d) they are sensitive to cysteine e) they are involved in type I hypersensitivity 77. The pathogenic bacterial enzymes are: a) hemagglutinin !b) reductase !c) DNAse !d) neuraminidase !e) elastase 78. The features of a complete antigen are: !a) it is proteic nature !b) it has less than 10 kDa molecular weight !c) it is immunogenic d) it does not have antigenicity !e) it has antigenicity Pg 17-20 1.Which of the following are invasive enzymes characteristic of pathogenic m/o: Ans:hyaluronidase, lecitinase, collagenase 2. Which of the following are involved in neutralization of microbial toxins: Ans:antitoxins (Abs), IgM( for viruses) 3. Which of the following are particularities of a superantigen: Answer:are capable of activating a large number of T-lymphocytes Binds directly to the lateral aspect of V regions of TCR beta chain 4. Which of the following are particularities of IgM: They appear first after an antigenic stimulus b) [x] They have a pronounced action on gram-negative bacteria c) [x] Structurally they represent a pentamer d) [x] They are sensitive to cysteine 5. Which of the following are particularities of O antigen O-Antigens (also known as O-specific polysaccharides or O-side chains) are major component of the surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria and are highly variable in structure 6. Which of the following are bacterial pathogenic enzymes: Ans:Reductase, DNAse, Neuraminisade, elastase, collagenase, hyaluronidase, fibrinolysin 7. Which of the following are pathogenic enzymes specific for pathogenic m/o !b) plasmacoagulase !d) fibrinolysin !e) neuraminidase 8. Which of the following correspond to a complete antigen: !b) generates antibodies !d) reacts with specific Ab in vivo 9. Which of the following are properties of an incomplete antigen a) [x] Does not possess immunogenicity b) [ ] Is proteinaceous in nature c) [x] Molecular mass less than 10,000 daltons d) [ ] Possesses immunogenicity e) [x] Possesses antigenicity 10.. Live attenuated vaccines have the following advantages: !a) they always produce a reaction b) they produce life immunity !c) they produce an efficient and long-term immunity d) they multiply in the vaccinated organism !e) they induce an inapparent infection 11. The advantages of the passive hemagglutination test for SD purpose in comparison with agglutination test are: The agglutination test only wrks with particulate antigens. However, its possible to coat erythrocytes with soluble antigen ( eg. Viral antigen, a polysaccharide or hapten) and use the coated RBC in an agglutination test for antibody to the soluble antigen. This is called passive hemagglutination. The test is performed just like the agglutination test. Applications include detection of antibodies to soluble antigens and detection of antibodies to viral antigens 12. Bacterial endotoxins at the macro-organism level can cause: !a) paralysis !b) fever c) leukopenia !d) low blood pressure !e) hepatosplenomegaly 13. IgM immunoglobulins have the following features: !a) they are the first ones to appear after antigenic stimulus b) they have a strong action on Gram-negative bacteria !c) opsonization of phagocytosis !d) they are sensitive to cysteine e) they are involved in type I hypersensitivity 14. Which of the following are specific for secretory IgA: Ans:!a) they protect the mucosal layer against of microbial aggression !c) they are present in tear fluid !e) they are produced by plasmocyte 15. IgM immunoglobulins have the following features: !a) they are the first ones to appear after antigenic stimulus b) they have a strong action on Gram-negative bacteria !c) opsonization of phagocytosis !d) they are sensitive to cysteine e) they are involved in type I hypersensitivity 16. We can say that virulence is: Virulence is described as an ability of an organism to infect the host and cause a disease. Virulence factors are the molecules that assist the bacterium colonize the host at the cellular level. 17. Which of the following are bacterial pathogenic structural factors: Ans:capsule, volutine granule, flagella 18. Which of the following bacteria are spherical-shaped: !a) sarcina !b) diplococci !c) tetracocci d) clostridia e) bacilli 19. spiral-shaped of bacterium is: a) chlamydia b) bacterium c) bacillus !d) leptospira e) streptococci 20. Which of the following basic tests is used for identification of isolated culture: !a) study of morphological tinctorial properties of bacteria !b) determination of biochemical activity !d) determination of antigenic structure of bacteria 21. Which of the following biological products refers to eubiotics: !a) lactobacterine b) penicillin !c) colibacterine !d) bificol e) staphilobacterine 22. Cytoplasmic membrane is formed of the following chemical compounds: a) nucleic acids !b) phospholipids c) sterols !d) protein e) porines 23. cytoplasmic membrane is formed of the following chemical compounds: a)nucleic acids !b) phospholipids c) sterols !d) protein e) porines 24. Which of the following immune globulin are able to cross placentalbarrier: a) Ig A !b) Ig G c) Ig M d) Ig E e) Ig D 25. Which of the following statements defines biological features offlagella: a) they participate in bacterial conjugation b) their number varies up to several hundred per cell !c) they consist of protein flagellin d) they are adhesion factors to the host cells e) they are fixed on ribosomes 26. which of the following defines specific feature of bacilli: a)they are peritrichous b) the have spores that deform the cell !c) the presence of spores that do not exceed the diameter of cell d) they are monotrichous e)they are eukaryotic 27. Which of the following features are specific for AgO: a) they are proteic by nature b) they are composed of carbohydrates !c) they are gluco-lipido-polypeptide compounds d) they are thermolabile !e) they are thermostable 26. Which of the following Ig class indicates a secondary immune response: Answer is -immunological memory 27.Which of the following Ig class is found in the lowest blood serum concentration Answer is Ige 28.Which of the following Ig class predominates in the acute infection: Answer is – igm 29.Which of the following intermolecular forces contribute to the interaction between antigen and antibody: Answer is – noncovalent interactions (electrostatic,hydrogen bonds ,vanderwalss ) 30.Which of the following is function of cell wall a) it determines toxicity of bacteria b) it is the target of attack of enzymes !c) it has receptor function !d) it ensures mobility of bacteria e) it has antiphagocytic function 31. Which of the following is a part of the chemical composition of envelop(viruses): !a) glycoproteins !b) lipids c) Transmembrane protein d) teichoic acid e) proteases 32. Which of the following is a part of the chemical composition of viruses: a) capsid !b) nucleic acids !c) glycoproteins d) volutine incluzions e) peptidoglycan 33. Which of the following is a part of the chemical composition of the cell wall: Answer is – peptidoglycan,Teichoic acids 34. Which of the following is a pathologic state characterized by persistence and multiplication of bacteria in blood: a) viremia !b) septicemia c) bacteriemia d) toxemia e) septicopyemia PG 21-22 1.Which of the following sites of the human body does not have indigenous microflora: !a) blood stream b) colon !c) distal uretra d) vagina !e) cerebrospinal fluid 2. Which of the following statement about bacterial spores is correct: a) spores are formed under absence of carbon !b) spores are resistance to boiling !c) spores contain dipicolinic acid d) spores are specific for all types of bacteria !e) spores contain salts in high concentration 3. Epitope 351 4.Antibiotic 352 5.Structure of bacteria 356, 357 6. Microbial exotoxins have the following particularities: 354, 355 !a) they are secreted and released in the extracellular medium !b) they lose toxicity under formaldehyde action c) they are considered to be lipopolysaccharide by nature d) they are thermoresistant e) they cause general intoxication of the body 7. Which of the following statement is correct about titer of antibody: A: Antibody titer is a laboratory test that measures the level of antibodies in a blood sample. The antibody level in the blood is a reflection of the body's past experience or exposure to an antigen, or something that the body does not recognize as self. 8. Which of the following statements about functions of the cell wall istrue: a) it shapes the cell b) it provides protection to cell c) it has antigenicity function d) it maintains osmotic pressure !e) all of the above 9. Vaccine 360 10. Which of the following statements are correct about precipitation assay(reaction): A. Antigen binding with homologous antibody in colloidal solution is precipitation. Several of the commonly used serological assays are based on the detection of antigen-antibody aggregates, either through visualization of precipitates or by measuring the light dispersed by antigen-antibody complexes in suspension 11. Virulence 362 12. Which of the following statement about bacterial spores is correct: a) spores are formed under absence of carbon !b) spores are resistance to boiling !c) spores contain dipicolinic acid d) spores are specific for all types of bacteria !e) spores contain salts in high concentration 13. spores 363 14. Which of the following statements defines functions of bacterial capsule: !a) it protects bacterial cell against humoral factors b) it is the site of oxidoreductases !c) it provides resistance of bacteria in the environment d) it participates actively in sporogenesis !e) it protects bacterial cell against phagocytosis 15.Which of the following statements defines function of flagella: !a)it has the antigenic function !b)it ensures mobility c) it is the target of attack for antibiotics d) it takes part in division e) it ensures bacterial chemotaxis 16.Which of the following statements defines functions of bacterial capsule: !a) it protects bacterial cell against humoral factors b) it is the site of oxidoreductases !c) it provides resistance of bacteria in the environment d) it participates actively in sporogenesis !e) it protects bacterial cell against phagocytosis 17. Which of the following statements on the mechanism of action of tetracyclines istrue: a) they inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis b) they alter the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane !c) they inhibit protein synthesis d) they are fixed to the membranic sterols e) they inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids 18. Which of the following structural elements are used in identification of bacteria: a)fimbriae !b)capsule c) sex pilli !d) volutine granule !e)flagella 19. Which of the following structure element is not present in prokaryotes: a) flagella b)capsule c) ribosomes !d) Golgi apparatus e)mesosomes 370,371,372,373,374 Passive, Gram-negative, energy, culture media, immunisation plan 20.The correct statement about Fab is: a) it is produced by the treatment of Ig molecule with pepsin b) it is produced from the separation of the light chains from heavy chains !c) it binds antigen d) it consists only of heavy chains e) it lacks disulfide bridges 21. Which type of microorganisms is characterised by the presence of cell wall: Eubacteria or 'true bacteria' are characterised by the presence of a rigid cell wall, and if motile, a flagellum. Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria are 2 categories of eubacteria 22. Founder of vaccine theory 377 23. "R" colonies are characterized by the following features: a) they have dots dimensions b) they are semitransparent or transparent c) their surface is wet and shiny !d) they have irregular margine !e) they have inhomogeneous structure 24. "S" shaped colony is characterized by the following features: a) they have dots dimensions !b) they are transparent or semitransparent !c) their surface is wet and shiny d) their edges are irregular e) they have in homogeneous structure ALT 24. "S" colonies are characterized by the following features: !a) are dome-shaped !b) they are transparent or semitransparent !c) they are easily separated from the medium d) their margins are irregular e) they have granular structure