NOTES-RWS-QTR1.pdf

NEGROS OCCIDENTAL HIGHSCHOOL SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPT., READING AND WRITING SKILLS MODIFIED ALS MODULE...

NEGROS OCCIDENTAL HIGHSCHOOL SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPT., READING AND WRITING SKILLS MODIFIED ALS MODULE S.Y 2024- 2025 LESSON 1. Patterns of Development statement and then ✓ They refer to the logical arrangement of provides specific and ideas. concrete examples to ✓ They help distinguish major details from expound on the main idea minor details. ✓ They are also called the patterns of 5. Classification /Division- organizes ideas into categories or divisions- organization, rhetorical modes, or based criteria or standards rhetorical styles. 6. Comparison and Contrast - organizes ideas based 1.Chronology- t organizes ideas or events on how events, places, according to time. people, things, and concepts are similar to or FORMS: different from one another a) Narration - sequences events in the order in which 2 WAYS: they occurred in time. a) Separately (Block b) Process - organizes Method) - describing the details based on stages or first item first followed by steps. the second item b) Side-by-side (Point-by- Ex. point) - discussing both Narration Narrate how you items based on each point prepared for the opening of comparison of classes this year. Ex. Comparison Note the similarities and 2. Description- provides details on the and Contrast differences in the local idea. educational set-up before and after the global TYPES: pandemic. a) Sensory - ideas are arranged based on one or 7. Problem/Solution- Organizes ideas into all of the five senses problems and proposed b) Spatial - arranges ideas solutions by location or physical space c) Evocative - consciously Problem What are some of the problems in brings to your mind a feeling and Modular Distance Learning- Print or image Solution and Modular Distance Learning- d) Informational - provides Digital approach in education? facts or knowledge Propose possible solutions for each. Ex. Description Describes how 8. Persuasion- t hows how a set of COVID-19 affected the evidence leads to a logical mobility of people. conclusion or argument 3. Definition- helps clarify and explain 9. Cause and Effect- It organizes details based concepts by answering the on the cause or reason and question “What does it the result or consequences. mean?” Ex. Cause Note the possible reasons behind Definition Make a definition of the and the continuous increase in COVID different classifications of Effect 19 cases in the country. community quarantines in the Philippines. 4. Exemplification- his presents the general  NEGROS OCCIDENTAL HIGHSCHOOL SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPT., READING AND WRITING SKILLS MODIFIED ALS MODULE S.Y 2024- 2025 LESSON 2. PROPERTIES OF A WELL- WRITTEN e) Numbers from zero to ten should be spelled TEXT out while numbers higher than ten should be written in figures. A well-written text has organized content. It f) Observe the rules on capitalization. usually follows the IBC format. g) Generally, citations are used in academic and The introduction or beginning introduces the formal texts. However, they topic which should attract the attention of the are sparingly used in business texts. readers. The body or middle discusses the topic which expounds the main idea. LESSON 3. IDENTFYING CLAIMS The conclusion or end clinches or summarizes the topic. Critical reading is a process through which a reader identifies and understands arguments and ideas presented in A well-written text is easy to understand the text, evaluates supporting claims, and responds by developing Properties of a well- written text independent conclusions or counterarguments. 1. Organization – this covers the arrangement of the ideas presented in the paragraph Claims are statements through which an author 2. Coherence - refers to the unity or conveys or defends an togetherness of the text as a whole. idea. These statements are essentially arguable, 3. Cohesion - refers to the logical flow and but used as a primary point connection in a written text and is to support or prove an argument. achieved through the use of devices to link sentences together. Types of Claims: 4. Language Use - the use of appropriate 1. Claims of fact presents an idea as true or language and words in delivering the false. They state a quantifiable messages. assertion or a measurable topic. They assert - also covers the writer’s tone of writing: that something has existed, a) subjective tone - uses the writer’s personal exists, or will exist based on data. biases and judgment. b) objective tone - uses factual information and 2. Claims of value assert something that can be arguments. qualified. They consist of - In terms of formality: arguments about moral, philosophical, or a) Formal English – this is academic; words, aesthetic topics. These sentences and types of topics try to prove that some values paragraphs are longer and complex. It are more or less desirable sometimes uses unfamiliar compared to others. words and does not use contractions b) Informal English – the tone is friendly, more 3. Claims of policy posit that specific actions personal and should be chosen as conversational; words, sentences and solutions to a particular problem. You can paragraphs are shorter and easily identify a claim of policy simpler. It uses words in daily conversations. because they begin with “should,” “ought to,” 5. Mechanics - It is characterized as a set of or “must.” conventions on how to spell, abbreviate, punctuate and capitalize a composition. Untested Claims are statements that are not supported by solid evidence. ALWAYS REMEMBER: False Claims are statements that are a) Always use Standard English. contradicted by relevant evidence. b) Avoid contractions (e.g., don’t). c) Avoid exclamation marks unless they are part of a direct quotation. d) Mention the full name of an institution or organization with the abbreviation in parenthesis, in first mention. Thereafter, use the abbreviation.  NEGROS OCCIDENTAL HIGHSCHOOL SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPT., READING AND WRITING SKILLS MODIFIED ALS MODULE S.Y 2024- 2025 LESSON 4. INTERTEXTUALITY Reasoning - the process of expressing ideas INTERTEXTUALITY -REFERS TO THE and opinions as well as INTERDEPENDENCE OF TEXTS IN RELATION justifying stand based on existing knowledge TO and experiences ONE ANOTHER There are two steps to preparing to read Example: critically: Someone calls a man “Adonis”, it means that the man looks handsome as this alludes to the 1. Self-Reflect: What experiences, assumptions, character in Greek mythology named knowledge, and “Adonis” who possess a remarkable beauty. perspectives do you bring to the text? What biases might you have? Are you Example of Intertext able to keep an open mind and consider other 1. Allusion points of view? a. Literary Allusion- literary device that often is 2. Read to Understand: referring to something a. Examine the text and context: Who is the else. author? Who is the publisher? 1) Food is her Achilles’ heel. (Achilles’ heel is an Where and when was it written? What kind of allusion to the character named Achilles whose text is it? heel was not submerged into the river Styx and that b. Skim the text: What is the topic? What are the makes his weakest part. main ideas? c. Resolve confusion: Look up unfamiliar words b. Biblical Allusion or terms in dictionaries or 1) He is considered a prodigal son. glossaries. Go over difficult passages to clarify 2) Your place looks like a Garden of Eden. them. Formulating Evaluative Statements 2. Parody- is a comical imitation of another work. It Assertions are declarative sentences that claim stops at mocking something is true about something or making fun of one work. 1. Bored of the Rings (Lord of the Rings parody) Four common types of assertions: 2. Manok na Pula (Parody of the song Just Another 1. Fact Woman in Love) It is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, 3. Pastiche- is a work of visual art, literature, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, theatre, music, or architecture that imitates the style or the results of research. or character of the work of one or more other 2. Convention artists. It is a way in which something is done, similar Unlike parody, pastiche celebrates, rather than to traditions and norms. mocks, the work it imitates. Conventions depend on historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, and Literary elements such as theme, plot, setting, customs. Thus, their truthfulness is verified by character, point of view and how commonly held dialogue could also be changed. definitions and beliefs are interpreted. Example: 3. Opinion 1. The movie “Maleficent” is a pastiche based on It is based on facts, but is difficult to objectively “Sleeping Beauty”. verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness. 4. Quotation - is a segment or fragment of text in 4. Preference another text It is based on personal choice; 1. “A nation's culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people.” - Mahatma Gandhi Counterclaims are claims made to rebut a previous claim. They provide a LESSON 5. CRITICAL READING contrasting perspective to the main argument. Critical reading involves readers’ active engagement to think deeply by applying various skills.  NEGROS OCCIDENTAL HIGHSCHOOL SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPT., READING AND WRITING SKILLS MODIFIED ALS MODULE S.Y 2024- 2025 LESSON 6. TEXTUAL EVIDENCE ALWAYS REMEMBER: Textual evidence Why do you need to determine textual evidence? It refers to any proof of an argument, a claim, a counterclaim, an assertion cited in the text leading The need to answer questions after reading a text to a conclusion. and or to share our ideas enables us to go back to what we have read and give Types of textual evidence: evidence from it to prove that you are not just manufacturing your thoughts. 1. Referencing This is the act of mentioning a specific section In expressing your judgment about the text: of the text like an event or action. Examples: 1. First, state your idea about the text. According to Fussell, ‘The Oxford Book of English 2. To determine evidence from the text, look for Verse presides over the Great War clues and keywords that support your in a way that has never been fully appreciated’ idea about the text. (159). 3. Quote or paraphrase the part of the text that helped you come up with your idea. 2 Paraphrasing 4. Use quotation marks to quote a part of the text. If This is restating an author’s or someone else’s it is from a book, indicate the work using your own words without page number at the end of your sentence. losing the original idea of the text. 5. Lastly, express how the quote supports your idea. Example: The original passage: Students frequently overuseS direct quotation in taking notes; as a result, they overuse quotations in the final (research) paper (Lester, 1976 p. 46 – 47) The paraphrased: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. (Lester, 1976 p. 46 – 47) 3. Summarizing This is stating the essential ideas together of the text in a shorter way. Example: The original passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes; as a result, they overuse quotations in the final (research) paper (Lester, 1976 p. 46 – 47) The summary: Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester, 1976 p. 46 – 47) 4. Quoting This is stating a part of a text in the exact way it was written. Example: Samantha King, a forensic specialist, stated that ―DNA evidence is usually indisputable.