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NOTES FOR QUIZ First Voyage Around the World Cause of death of Magellan: Magellan was killed in the Battle of Mactan on April 27, 1521, after being pierced in the leg with a poison arrow, and attacked by the natives who recognized him as the captain. Primary or se...

NOTES FOR QUIZ First Voyage Around the World Cause of death of Magellan: Magellan was killed in the Battle of Mactan on April 27, 1521, after being pierced in the leg with a poison arrow, and attacked by the natives who recognized him as the captain. Primary or secondary source?: It is a primary source written by Antonio Pigafetta, who accompanied Magellan on his expedition and provided firsthand accounts. Competition during the time and its purpose: Spain and Portugal were in a race to discover new trade routes to the Spice Islands, motivated by geopolitical, economic, and religious factors. Race between Spain and Portugal: It was primarily to establish maritime routes to the Spice Islands for economic gain, as well as to expand their territories and spread Christianity What does the circumnavigation prove?: It proved that the Earth was round and provided valuable information about global navigation and the world’s geography. Subject/benefit of the circumnavigation: It is under the subject of exploration and discovery, benefiting navigation, trade, and geographical knowledge. Ocean that was not calm and quiet & its old name: The Pacific Ocean was initially named "Mar Pacifico" by Magellan, meaning "peaceful sea," despite its often turbulent conditions. First to circumnavigate: The first successful circumnavigation was completed by the crew led by Juan Sebastian Elcano after Magellan's death. Foreshadowing of circumnavigation: It foreshadowed the age of exploration, global trade, and the eventual European colonization of various parts of the world. Kartilya ng Katipunan Code of Conduct: It served as the guiding principles and ethical code for Katipuneros. Important persons: ○ A.B. (Andres Bonifacio): Associated with the revolution, he wrote "The Decalogue of the Duties of the Sons of the People." ○ E.J. (Emilio Jacinto): Known as the "Utak ng Katipunan," he wrote under the pen names "Dimas Ilaw" and "Pingkian." ○ J.R. (Jose Rizal): Advocated reforms, wanting the Philippines to be a province of Spain, and wrote under the aliases "Dimas Alang," "Pepe," and "Laong" ○ 3 Objectives: Political, moral, and civic. KKK: Stands for "Kataastaasang Kagalang- galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan". Customs of the Tagalog Proves: The document proves the structured social, religious, and governance systems of early Tagalog communities. Author: Juan de Plasencia, a Spanish friar who documented Tagalog customs. Established bias: There was a bias towards viewing native practices as inferior or superstitious. No burial: Some Tagalog tribes had distinct burial customs, including upright burial with only the head above ground. Gods and creatures: The customs emphasized worship of multiple gods, spirits, and mythical creatures. Marriage custom still practiced: Dowries given by the father to the son when about to marry. 1898 Declaration of Independence Date: June 12, 1898. Where: Kawit, Cavite (Cavite-Viejo). Who entered the pact: Filipino revolutionaries, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. Purpose of the pact: To declare independence from Spain. Conditions of the pact: Aimed at reclaiming sovereignty and national rights. Success: Initially succeeded but was challenged by subsequent American colonization. Government established by E.A.: Emilio Aguinaldo established a revolutionary government after declaring independence. Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood White man's burden: It was used to justify American rule as a civilizing mission for the Filipinos. What Americans called our ancestors: Filipinos were often seen as incapable of self-governance. Difference between Spanish and American colonization: Spanish colonization was primarily driven by religious missions, while American colonization was politically driven with the goal of establishing a commonwealth as a form of indirect rule or "puppet" government Events 1. First Voyage Around the World (1519–1522): Magellan's expedition that led to the first circumnavigation of the globe. 2. Battle of Mactan (April 27, 1521): Magellan's death during the battle against Lapulapu. 3. First Mass in the Philippines (March 31, 1521): Held on the shores of Limasawa Island. 4. 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence (June 12, 1898): The formal declaration of independence from Spain. 5. Spanish-American War (1898): The conflict that led to American involvement in the Philippines. 6. Treaty of Paris (1898): Transfer of control of the Philippines from Spain to the United States. 7. Pact of Biak-na-Bato (1897): A truce between Spanish colonial forces and Filipino revolutionaries. 8. Cabinet Crisis of 1923: Filipino cabinet members resigned in protest of Governor Wood's policies. Places 1. Mactan Island: Site of Magellan's death. 2. Homonhon Island: Magellan's first landing in the Philippines. 3. Limasawa Island: Site of the first mass in the Philippines. 4. Cebu: Key location in Magellan's expedition and later Spanish colonial history. 5. Cavite (Kawit, Cavite-Viejo): Location of the 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence. 6. Manila: Capital and center of governance and revolutionary activity. 7. Biak-na-Bato: Revolutionary headquarters and site of the 1897 pact. 8. Mindanao: Region affected by Governor Wood's policies, creating conflict between Christian and Muslim communities. Islands 1. Samar: First island sighted by Magellan’s fleet. 2. Ladrones Islands (Guam): Initially named "Islands of Thieves" by Magellan. 3. Moluccas (Spice Islands): The main objective of the Spanish and Portuguese maritime race. Names of People 1. Ferdinand Magellan: Leader of the first circumnavigation; killed in Mactan. 2. Antonio Pigafetta: Chronicler of Magellan's expedition. 3. Lapulapu: Native chieftain who resisted Magellan in the Battle of Mactan. 4. Rajah Humabon: Cebuano ruler who befriended Magellan. 5. Emilio Aguinaldo: Revolutionary leader and first president of the Philippines. 6. Andres Bonifacio (A.B.): Founder of the Katipunan and leader of the revolution. 7. Jose Rizal (J.R.): Reformer who advocated for peaceful change; executed in 1896. 8. Emilio Jacinto (E.J.): Known as the "Brains of the Katipunan." 9. Governor Leonard Wood: American Governor- General opposed by Filipino nationalists. 10. Manuel L. Quezon: Key leader against Governor Wood’s policies. 11. Sergio Osmeña: Prominent figure in opposing Governor Wood’s governance. Laws and Treaties 1. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Divided the world between Spain and Portugal for exploration. 2. Executive Order No. 37: Governor Wood's controversial order that nullified laws and reduced Filipino autonomy. 3. The Decalogue of the Duties of the Sons of the People: Written by Andres Bonifacio, serving as a code of conduct for Katipuneros. 4. Pact of Biak-na-Bato (1897): A truce that temporarily halted the Philippine Revolution. 5. Treaty of Paris (1898): Ended the Spanish- American War, transferring control of the Philippines to the U.S. 6. 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence: Proclaimed by Emilio Aguinaldo, marking the Philippines' assertion of freedom from Spanish rule.