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Questions and Answers
What caused Magellan's death during his voyage?
Which type of source is Antonio Pigafetta's account of Magellan's voyage?
What was one major motivation for the competition between Spain and Portugal during the age of exploration?
What does circumnavigation ultimately demonstrate about the Earth?
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What was the original name given to the Pacific Ocean by Magellan?
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What role did the Kartilya ng Katipunan serve for its members?
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Who completed the first successful circumnavigation after Magellan's death?
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Which person is known as the 'Utak ng Katipunan' and contributed to its literary works?
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Which island is known as the site of Ferdinand Magellan's death?
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Who was the founder of the Katipunan, a revolutionary society in the Philippines?
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What was the significance of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato in 1897?
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What was Executive Order No. 37, issued by Governor Wood?
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Which of the following individuals resisted Magellan in the Battle of Mactan?
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Which city served as the capital and center of governance during the revolutionary activities in the Philippines?
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What was the main objective of the Spanish and Portuguese maritime race in the 15th century?
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Which revolutionary leader was the first president of the Philippines?
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What does KKK stand for in the context of the Tagalog community?
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Who documented the customs of the Tagalog people?
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What was one characteristic of Tagalog burial customs?
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What was the primary purpose of the 1898 Declaration of Independence?
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What significant event occurred on June 12, 1898?
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Which was a key difference between Spanish and American colonization of the Philippines?
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What was the primary justification used for American rule over the Philippines during colonization?
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What event marked the beginning of American involvement in the Philippines?
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Study Notes
First Voyage Around the World
- Magellan was killed in the Battle of Mactan on April 27, 1521, by a poison arrow and subsequent attacks from natives.
- Antonio Pigafetta documented the expedition, providing a primary source account of the voyage.
- Spain and Portugal competed for new trade routes to the Spice Islands, driven by geopolitical, economic, and religious incentives.
- The circumnavigation confirmed the Earth's roundness and enhanced global navigation and geographical knowledge.
- Initially called "Mar Pacifico" by Magellan, the Pacific Ocean contradicted its name as it often experienced turbulent conditions.
- The first successful circumnavigation was completed by Juan Sebastian Elcano after Magellan's death.
- The voyage marked the beginning of the age of exploration, influencing global trade and future colonization.
Kartilya ng Katipunan
- The code served as ethical guidance and principles for Katipuneros engaged in the revolution.
- Andres Bonifacio authored "The Decalogue of the Duties of the Sons of the People."
- Emilio Jacinto, known as "Utak ng Katipunan," wrote under pen names like "Dimas Ilaw."
- Jose Rizal sought reforms for the Philippines and wrote under aliases such as "Dimas Alang."
- Three core objectives of the Katipunan: political, moral, and civic.
- 'KKK' stands for "Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan."
Customs of the Tagalog
- Documented by Juan de Plasencia, showcasing early Tagalog social, religious, and governance structures.
- Exhibited bias towards portraying native practices as inferior or superstitious.
- Tagalog burial customs included upright burial positions with only the head above ground.
- Worship of multiple deities, spirits, and mythical creatures was central to Tagalog customs.
- Dowries were traditions practiced by fathers to provide for their sons before marriage.
1898 Declaration of Independence
- Declared on June 12, 1898, at Kawit, Cavite.
- Led by Emilio Aguinaldo, the declaration aimed for independence from Spain.
- The declaration sought to reclaim national sovereignty and rights.
- Initial success in autonomy was challenged by American colonization.
- Aguinaldo established a revolutionary government post-declaration.
Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood
- The term "white man's burden" justified American colonial rule as a civilizing mission.
- Filipinos were perceived as incapable of self-governance under American rule.
- Spanish colonization focused on religious missions, while American rule was governed politically as a puppet government.
Key Events
- Magellan’s expedition (1519–1522) achieved the first circumnavigation of the globe.
- Magellan died in the Battle of Mactan on April 27, 1521, fighting against Lapulapu.
- The first Mass in the Philippines occurred on March 31, 1521, in Limasawa.
- Philippine Independence was formally declared on June 12, 1898.
- The Spanish-American War in 1898 led to American involvement in the Philippines.
- The Treaty of Paris in 1898 transferred the Philippines from Spain to the U.S.
- The Pact of Biak-na-Bato (1897) was a truce between colonial and revolutionary forces.
- The Cabinet Crisis of 1923 saw Filipino officials resign due to Governor Wood's policies.
Key Locations
- Mactan Island: Site where Magellan was killed.
- Homonhon Island: Magellan's first landing in the Philippines.
- Limasawa Island: Location of the first Mass.
- Cebu: Significant to Magellan's journey and Spanish colonialism.
- Cavite (Kawit): Venue for the 1898 Declaration of Independence.
- Manila: The center of governance and revolutionary movements.
- Biak-na-Bato: Headquarters for the revolution and site of the 1897 pact.
- Mindanao: Area impacted by Governor Wood's policies leading to intercommunal conflict.
Significant Islands
- Samar: The first island encountered by Magellan.
- Ladrones Islands (Guam): Known as "Islands of Thieves," named by Magellan.
- Moluccas (Spice Islands): The primary target in the Spanish-Portuguese maritime competition.
Notable Figures
- Ferdinand Magellan: Leader of the first circumnavigation; died in Mactan.
- Antonio Pigafetta: Chronicled details of Magellan’s expedition.
- Lapulapu: Chieftain who resisted Magellan in the Battle of Mactan.
- Rajah Humabon: Cebu ruler who allied with Magellan.
- Emilio Aguinaldo: Revolutionary leader and the first Philippine president.
- Andres Bonifacio: Founder of the Katipunan, authored the Decalogue.
- Jose Rizal: Advocated for reforms; executed in 1896.
- Emilio Jacinto: Recognized as the "Brains of the Katipunan."
- Governor Leonard Wood: American Governor-General resisted by Filipino nationalists.
- Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña: Key figures opposing Governor Wood’s administration.
Laws and Treaties
- Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Divided exploration spheres between Spain and Portugal.
- Executive Order No. 37: Governor Wood's order that curtailed Filipino autonomy.
- The Decalogue of the Duties of the Sons of the People: Ethical guide authored by Bonifacio.
- Pact of Biak-na-Bato (1897): Temporary halt in revolutionary conflict.
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Description
Test your knowledge about Magellan's first voyage around the world, including his cause of death in the Battle of Mactan. This quiz also delves into the primary sources of the expedition, particularly the writings of Antonio Pigafetta. Explore the motivations behind the voyage and the competition of the era.
