rph-notes.pdf

Content and Contextual MARCH 22, 1521 (originally Analysis of selected Primary March 21) Sources The boatmen return to Magellan’s location and gave two boats of foods I....

Content and Contextual MARCH 22, 1521 (originally Analysis of selected Primary March 21) Sources The boatmen return to Magellan’s location and gave two boats of foods I. “First Voyage Around the MARCH 30 (originally March 29) World” (“Primer Viaje en “Umangkla ang barko namin sa Torno del Globo”) isla ng Mazaua, malapit sa ➜ Written by Antonio Pigafetta bahay ng Rajah nito (Rajah in one of the five ships that first Siagu) at umakyat ng barko ang circumnavigated the world. It Rajah at sila Magellan kung covers the time when Ferdinand saan sila’y nagpalitan ng Magellan’s fleet “Armada de regalo.Nag-almusal at ipinasyal Molucca” started the voyage ni Magellan ang Rajah sa paligid (1519) until it was successfully ng kanyang barko at ipinakita went back to Spain. ang kanyang mga armas. ➜ Presented by Pigafetta to Gayundin ako at isang kasama Pope Clement VII, King Francis ay sumama sa Rajah at sa I’s mother, etc. His original diary Balanghai, kami ay pinakain ng was lost and not known in what baboy, pinainom ng alak at language it was written. pinakita ng hari ang kanilang Survived in 4 manuscript palasyo at nagpakain pa.” versions; 1 Italian (Carlo MARCH 31 (originally March Amoretti) and 3 French 30) “Bumalik kami sa aming mga MARCH 17, 1521 (originally barko kasama ang kapatid ng March 16) Rajah ng Mazaua, ang Rajah ng Arrival in “Zamal” (Samar) Butuan-Calagan na si Colambu, particularly in the island of ang pinakamaayos na lalaking “Humunu” (Homonhon) nakita namin.” Magellan called it “Acquada da APRIL 1, 1521 (originally li buoni Segnialli” (Watering March 31) place of God Signs) First mass in the Philippines The district was called “Las was happened in “Mazaua” Islas de San Lazaro” (Islands of Saint Lazarus) Attended by Magellan, Rajah Kolambu, Rajah Siagu (Siaui) MARCH 18, 1521 (originally and local islanders March 17) APRIL 8, 1521 Magellan and his men landed in Humunu and saw by native Magellan went to Zubu (Cebu) boatmen from Suluan Island and met Rajah Humabon who gave them foods. The rajah wanted Magellan and Transaction made through his men to pay tribute to them Magellan’s slave interpreter, but told his translator Enrique “Enrique” (of Malacca) that they are working for King of Spain and threatened him a war APRIL 15, 1521 (original April II. “Customs of the 14) Tagalogs” (Relacion de las Held a mass on Humabon’s Costumbres de Los Tagalos) place where attended by 800 ➜Written by Fray Juan de local members Plasencia in 1589 Magellan gave Hara Humamay ➜Currently kept in Archivo an image of Sto. Niño General de Indias in Seville, Humabon became “Carlos” and Spain. Humamay became “Juana” ➜Its English version appeared APRIL 27, 1521 (originally on Volume VII of Blair and April 26) Robertson’s collection of Rajah Zula told Magellan that Spanish documents Matan’s (Mactan) chieftain ➜Contains extensive Cilapulapu (Lapulapu) refused to information about political and obey the King of Spain socio-cultural history of Tagalog region Zula requested Magellan to send him only one boatload of It discusses the early Tagalog: men to fight Cilapulapu but ➣ Social Classes Magellan Datu, Maharlika, Timawa, Alipin APRIL 28, 1521 (originally (Namamahay and Saguiguilid) April 27) ➣ Houses 60 of Magellan’s men set out armed with corselets and made of bamboo, wood and helmets and 20-30 Balanhais nipa palm loaded by Rajah Humabon’s ➣ Ornaments men went to Matan to attack adds distinction to a person Cilapulapu (Kalumbiga and Agimat) The local islanders had lances ➣ Dressing of bamboo and stakes hardened Male: Putong, Kangan,Bahag with fire Female: Baro, Saya “Battle of Mactan” happened ➣ Government Barangay system Other contents of Pigafetta’s manuscript: (30-100 families) Lifestyle of early Filipinos in ➣ Marriage Visayas Paninilbihan, Bigay-kaya, First vocabulary of Visayan Panghihimuyat, Bigay-suso words ever penned by a ➣ Religious beliefs European (Paganism /Animism) Description of early Visayan Badhala (Supreme being), music Idayanale (agriculture), Sidapa Evidence that the world is (death), Agni (fire), Balangaw round (raibow), Mandarangan (war), Re-discovery of Pacific Ocean Lalahon (harvest), Siginaguran (hell) ➣ Economic life 2. Ang gawang magaling na agriculture, fishing, hunting, nagbubuhat sa pagpipita sa shipbuilding, foreign trades sarili, at hindi sa talagang ➣ Language nasang gumawa ng kagalingan, Baybayin ay di kabaitan. ➣ Burials 3. Ang tunay na kabanalan ay Normal people buried beside ang pagkakawang gawa, ang their house, Datu buried under a pagibig sa kapua at ang isukat porch after a four-day mourning. ang bawat kilos, gawa’t Mourning was accompanied by pangungusap sa talagang drinking Katuiran. ➣ Witchcraft 4. Maitim man at maputi ang Mancocolam, Hocloban, kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao’y Manggagauay, Tigbalang, magkakapantay; mangyayaring Patianac ang isa’y higtan sa dunong, sa yaman, sa ganda…; ngunit di III. “Kartilya ng Katipunan” mahihigtan sa pagkatao. ➜Written by Emilio Jacinto in 5. Ang may mataas na kalooban 1896 inuuna ang puri sa pagpipita sa ➜Codified document listing the sarili; ang may hamak na duties and responsibilities of kalooban inuuna ang pagpipita every Katipunan member sa sarili sa puri. ➜Chose by Bonifacio instead of 6. Sa taong may hiya, salita’y his “Katungkulang Gagawin ng panunumpa. mga Z. Ll. B.” (Dekalogo) 7. Huwag mong sasayangin ang panahun; ang yamang nawala’y magyayaring magbalik; nguni’t panahong nagdaan na’y di na muli pang magdadaan. 8. Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi, at kabakahin ang umaapi. 9. Ang taong matalino’y ang may pagiingat sa bawat sasabihin, at matutong ipaglihim ang dapat ipaglihim. It was influenced by: 10. Sa daang matinik ng Age of Enlightenment kabuhayan, lalaki ay siyang French Revolution patnugot ng asawa’t mga anak; Masonry kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa Propaganda Movement sama, ang patutunguhan ng La Liga Filipina iaakay ay kasamaan din. 11. Ang babai ay huag mong 1. Ang kabuhayang hindi tignang isang bagay na libangan ginugugol sa isang malaki at lamang, kundi isang katuang at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy karamay sa mga kahirapan na walang lilim, kundi damong nitong kabuhayan; gamitan mo makamandag. ng buong pagpipitagan ang kaniyang kahinaan, at alalahanin ang inang pinagbuhata’t nagiwi sa iyong signing of the Biak-na-Bato kasangulan. Treaty in 1897. 12. Ang di mo ibig na gawin sa ➜ This was based on asawa mo, anak at kapatid, ay Aguinaldo’s diary, documents huag mong gagawin sa asawa, from himself and his relatives. anak, at kapatid ng iba ➜ End of 1963, decided to 13. Ang kamahalan ng tao’y publish this memoirs and wala sa pagkahari, wala sa translated in Tagalog by Dr. Luz tangus ng ilong at puti ng C. Bucu of University of the mukha, wala sa pagkaparing East in 1967. kahalili ng Dios wala sa mataas ➜ Ambeth Ocampo pressumed na kalagayan sa balat ng lupa; that the second volume of this wagas at tunay na mahal na tao, nd kahit laking gubat at walang memoirs (2 phase of nababatid kundi ang sariling Philippine Revolution against wika, yaong may magandang Spain until Philippine-American asal, may isang pangungusap, War). may dangal at puri; yaong di napaaapi’t di nakikiapi; yaong marunong magdamdam at The following contents of “Mga marunong lumingap sa bayang Gunita ng Himagsikan” were tinubuan. from the sixth chapter of Nick 14. Paglaganap ng mga aral na Joquin’s “A Question of Heroes.” ito at maningning na sumikat ang araw ng mahal na Kalayaan dito sa kaabaabang Sangkalupuan, at sabugan ng matamis niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang magkalahi’t magkakapatid ng ligaya ng walang katapusan, ang mga ginugol na buhay, pagud, at mga tiniis na kahirapa’y labis nang natumbasan. Kung lahat ng ito’y mataruk na ng nagiibig pumasuk ➜ Aguinaldo had a rich family at inaakala niyang matutupad (Carlos Aguinaldo and Trinidad ang mga tutungkulin, maitatala Famy) ang kaniyang ninanasa sa ➜ Aguinaldo studied at Colegio kasunod nito. de San Juan de Letran but stopped because of father’s IV. “Mga Gunita ng death Himagsikan” ➜ Aguinaldo became Cabeza ➜ Written by Gen. Emilio de Barangay of Binakayan Aguinaldo (1895) because of Maura Law ➜ The first volume of this ➜ Aguinaldo became the first memoirs was produced between Capitan Municipal of Cavite 1928 and 1946 Viejo (Kawit) ➜ It includes the accounts from ➜ Participated in Masonry with his birth and early years until the the name “Colon” and in Katipunan with the name ➜ Bonifacio did not accept the “Magdalo” results of the election, then, he ➜ Santiago Alvarez (from wrote the “Acta de Tejeros” Noveleta) urged him to join (March 23, 1897) and held the Katipunan in Manila (1895) “Naic Military Agreement” (April 19, 1897) ➜ Aguinaldo led the Magdalo faction in Cavite ➜ Aguinaldo ordered the arrest and trial of Bonifacio (and his ➜ Married Hilaria del Rosario brother Procopio) of Imus in 1896 ➜ Further, Aguinaldo decided ➜ “Capitan Municipal sa araw, to sentence the brothers into Katipunan sa gabi” death penalty on May 10, 1897 ➜ Did not attend the August 24 ➜ Aguinaldo agreed to be in a Balintawak meeting of peace pact in Biak-Na-Bato, San Katipunan, instead he was Miguel, Bulacan with the represented by his brother Spaniards that led his exile to Crispulo (in this meeting Hong Kong in 1897 Bonifacio announced that the revolution will be started on August 29) V. “Acta de la Proclamacion ➜ The August 29 plot did not de la Independencia del happen because Bonifacio in Pueblo Filipino” Manila was attacked by ➜ Written by Ambrosio Spaniards from Caloocan Rianzares Bautista ➜ Aguinaldo started the revolt in ➜ Its intention was to Cavite on August 31 (together encourage the Filipinos to fight with Bacoor, Imus, and other against the Spaniards Cavite Capitan Municipals) ➜ It was read during the ➜ Aguinaldo became successful declaration of Philippine in different battles in Cavite that Independence on June 12, caused some issues in 1898 at Kawit Cavite Katipunan ➜ It’s declaration was ➜ The Katipunan in Cavite split accompanied by playing of the into two: “Magdalo” Philippine national anthem (Pro-Aguinaldo) and composed by Julian Felipe “Magdiwang” (Pro-Bonifacio) through the band, “San ➜ Bonifacio wanted to solve the Francisco de Malabon” rivalry in a December 1896 ➜ The declaration was signed meeting in Imus (resulted into a by 97 Filipinos and an American decision to dissolve the official, Col. M.L. Johnson Katipunan and to have a formal election for the new ➜ The text of declaration revolutionary government) reminisced the start of 1896 Revolution in Caloocan and the ➜ Aguinaldo became the eight provinces who joined the president of Philippine Katipunan (Batangas, Laguna, Revolutionary Government in Cavite, Rizal, Bulacan, March 22, 1897 through Tejeros Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Convention Ecija) “Sa huli, napagkasunduan ng lahat na ang Bayang ito, na malaya na mula sa araw na ito, ay dapat gamitin ang watawat na dati nang ginagamit nito, na may disenyo at kulay na inilalarawan sa inilakip na guhit: Ang tatlong panig na makikita rito ay tiyak na sumasagisag sa puting tatsulok na simbolong nagbibigay-pagkakakilanlan sa bantog na kapisanang “Katipunan,” na sa pamamagitan ng sanduguan ay nagpasiklab sa pag-aalsa ng masa; ang tatlong bituin na kumakatawan sa tatlong pangunahing isla ng Arkipelago – Luzon, Mindanao, at Panay kung saan nagsimula ang mapanghimagsik na kapatiran; ang araw na representasyon ng mga dambuhalang hakbang na isinagawa ng mga anak ng bayan sa landas ng kaunlaran at kabihasnan; ang walong sinag na sumisimbolo sa walong probinsiya–Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, at Batangas–na nagdeklara ng digmaan, nang unang masindihan ang mitsa ng himagsikan; at ang mga kulay na bughaw, pula, at puti, na lahat ay nagsisilbing paggunita sa watawat ng Estados Unidos sa Hilagang Amerika, bilang pagpapakita ng malalim na pasasalamat sa Dakilang Bansa na nagkaloob at nagkakaloob ng walang pag-iimbot na pagtatanggol. At sa ganang ito, inihaharap ngayon itong watawat sa mga Ginoong nagtitipon.”