CAPR Lesson 1: Contemporary Art in the Philippines PDF

CAPR ⮚ Zyzabacani- 2013 in hongkong, nueva viscaya LESSON 1 ⮚ HR Ocampo- (The Contrast in early 1960s Contemporary Art meaning "the art of...

CAPR ⮚ Zyzabacani- 2013 in hongkong, nueva viscaya LESSON 1 ⮚ HR Ocampo- (The Contrast in early 1960s Contemporary Art meaning "the art of today," or 1940) american period to colonial period more broadly includes artwork produced during ⮚ Cesar Legaspi- works are cubist (frugal the late 20th and early 21s centuries. meal) o It generally defines art produced after the ⮚ Carlos ‘’ botong francisco’’ V. Francisco- Modern Art movement to the present day. o This genre of art does have its own (magpupukot in 1975)- unity under the sky approach or style that distinguishes it from ⮚ Fernando Amorsolo- like feminine and others. nostalgia (Fishing Scene)- relaxed man and o produced in the second half of the 20th woman century or in the 21st century. ⮚ Victorio Edades- (The Builders 1928)- o Contemporary artists work in a globally exaggerated, dark influenced. culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world. Modern art is considered as ‘’traditional’’. o Their art is a dynamic combination of material methods, concepts, and Contemporary art is distinguishable from Modern subjects that continue the challenging of boundaries that was already well art in historical, stylistic and cultural terms. underway in the 20th century. o Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art as The most common characteristics of contemporary a whole is distinguished by the very lack art revolve around being site-specific, process- of a uniform, organizing principle, based, collaborative, and interactive. ideology, or "-ism". o that the basic approach and goal of social realism continues to influence modern Art is to challenge the nature of contemporary artists artwork itself. It can also make the viewer question what it is that defines art. Example: imelda cajipe endaya’s filipina DH 1995 o Contemporary art is important to society, is social realist but this style and medium of the for instance it is a mean to express installation is markedly different oneself as it is way to provide social and cultural commentary. LESSON 2 o The first difference between the contemporary and modern is historical I. Pre-conquest In art historical terms, we and chronological. refer to art before the coming of the first HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: PH ART colonizers as "pre-conquest." o In stylistic terms, we refer to it as Pre conquest- (ornaments, body) "indigenous" to emphasize the idea that Spanish period- 1521-1898 (religious) our ancestors have been making art even American period- 1898-1940 (landscape, before colonization. portraiture, interior) o It is also described in cultural terms as Japanese period- 1941-45 (wartime "pre-colonial" as a term to use for the scene, propaganda general way of life before colonization. Postwar republic-1946-1969(modern conservative, abstract) -Art for ritual purposes 70s contemporary(figurative, non -Rituals are associated with spirituality and the -figurative) supernatural -They employ well-crafted objects, perform music - They tell stories, imitate movements e. Inamog of the Matigsalug - during harvests KINDS OF RITUALS a. Kanyaw or cañao (Cordillera) - found in f. Kadaliwas dance of the T' bolis represent the cordillera and is officiated by a shaman or comedic movements of monkeys mumbaki also involves animal sacrifice performed for healing, to announce the birth of a g. Tinkling is a popular Tagalog folk dance often child or a coming of age, during wakes, weddings showecased for tourist, is evocative of the and burial ceremonies. movements of the crane, balancing itself on stilt-like legs or fitting away from the clutches of b. Kashawing (Lake Lanao in Mindanao) - a bamboo traps ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting and harvesting. CARVINGS AND POTTERY c. Tagbansa (Palawan) believes that the a. Bulul of the Cordillera's which is regarded thirteenth moon, three goddesses descend from as the granary God that plays an important role heaven to bless the planting of rice. in rituals - "Ifugaos rice God" ETHNIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT: a. Pipes b. Hagabi of the Ifugao's which is a wooden b. Flutes bench that marks the socioeconomic status of c. Zithers the owner d. Drums -large ceremonial bench for helping families, for e. Kudyapi - three stringed guitar wealth, heritage f. Kulintang - an array of bossed gongs g. Gansa - a flat gong c. Santos from Laguna and Pampanga are h. Agong - a large bossed gongs wooden sculptures of secular or non- religion orientation. NATIVE DANCE d. Okir from the Southern Philippines is a a. Pangalay of Sulu is a mimetic of the curvilinear decoration and can be found in the movements of seabirds. panolong or protruding beams of the Sultan's -‘’fingernails’’ dance of Tausug people in sulu house called the torogan archipelago. e. Sarimanok is the legendary bird that has b. Banog-banog from Higaonon and of B' laan become an ubiquitous symbol of Maranao art. It communities (Hawk) is depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons c. Man-manok of the Bagobos of Mindanao imitates the movements of predatory birds f. Manunggul Jar was discovered at Manunggul - portrays the Roster and Hen Cave, Lipuun Point in Palawan. It is a secondary d. Talip dance of the ifugaos is used in burial vessel, where buried and exhumed bones courtship and is mimetic of the movements of are placed wild fowls -two souls in a journey of afterlife g. Palayok for cooking BODY ORNAMENTATIONS h. Banga as containers a. A manuscript -(Boxer Codex) sometimes i. Tapayan for fermenting foods food storage, known as the Manila Manuscript, is a water storage manuscript written c. 1590, which contains illustrations of ethnic groups in the Philippines at j. Pagbuburnay in Vigan thrives and is currently the time of their initial contact with the Spaniards valued in llocos as part of its creative industry. - representations of various eth-no linguistic groups, where the following are classified: WEAVING Upper class Tagalog - gold jewelry In traditional weaving, the fibers are gathered Visayans – tattoo from plants like cotton, abaca and pineapple leaves while pigments are extracted from clay, b. Tattoos - a means protection of an individual roots, and leaves of plants. from evil spirit a badge of maturity and bravery Provinces like Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy, and a. Pissyabit is a headpiece woven by the Ifugao Tausug of Sulu - practiced tattooing b. Malongis a traditional Filipino rectangular or c. Jewelry make the wearer more attractive & tube-like wraparound skirt bearing a variety of pleasing to the gods. geometric or okir designs. T'boli - wear brass chains, bells, and colorful -The malong is traditionally used as a garment by beads both men and women of the numerous ethnic groups in the mainland Mindanao and parts of d. Metal works like lotoansor betel nut boxes the Sulu Archipelago. are made of brass or bronze by the Maranao's of Lanao del Sur C. Langkitis woven by the Maranao is a strip of multi-colored fabric, woven or embroidered to e. Lost wax or cireperdue is a metal casting, decorate or enhance the design or style of the moulds filled with liquified metal eventually malong hardens d. Tepo Mat is also known as The Sama Mat of f. Kendi or brass kendi is a water vessel and Tawi-tawi is double-layered and brightly colored. often a status symbol or as an heirloom pieces -known as tepo is is traditionally used as sleeping mat. a gift for newlyweds and even for imams for the recitation of prayers. II. ISLAMIC COLONIAL e. Nito in Ibayat, Batanes is an ovaloid baskets Islam, which is entrenched in Southern made from nito vine and bamboo that are used Philippines is already culturally dominant and as a head sling to carry harvest strong and said to have gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as the 13th century. f. Bubo in the llocos region is a sturdy bamboo strips are woven to create fish Traps IN ISLAMIC ART: Influenced by the notion of TAWHID. - most important concept of Islam NEW FORMS OF ARTS IN THE FOLLOWING ASPECT: - Goal of negating materiality - Interior of mosques are with elaborate patterning in the Architecture form of reliefs - Divine unity is expressed through abstract ⮚ Saints and interpretations are the essentials forms and that compel the believer to engage in into worship mental concentration. ⮚ As the process of engraving, painting and sculpting they are highly supervised in WHAT ARE THE MAIN BELIEFS OF ISLAM accordance to imposing scale and overall THAT INFLUENCE THE WAYS ART IS MADE visual appeal AND INTERPRETED? ⮚ In the 17th century, Chinese artisans are engaged in making icons or saints or sántos, 1. UMMAH building churches and houses, making 2. TAWHID -According to Prof. Abrahan Sakili, furniture. we relate this with two aspects of reality -It drew upon Chinese features and -OBJECT PERCEIVED techniques like in NuestraSeñora del - SENSE OF NOTHINGNESS Rosario in Bohol which Kuanyin, the deity of merey in East Asian Buddhism. Influenced by Architecture ⮚ Philippine Muslims organize space in SCULPTURE AND ORNAMENTATION architecture with parts of the mosque like the mihrab or niche & Qibla(mecca) wall ⮚ Santos are displayed most on decorative altar niche, which are called retablo. ⮚ Having dome - how the order of the universe is imagined as the central feature *all levels ⮚ Town's patron saint implies with architecture of cosmic existence" and sculpture which embellished with - Octagonal base - the spirit rosettes, scrolls, pediments and Solomonie - Four-sided main base - earth or material world columns and are color dependently classified (gilded or polychromed) ⮚ Ka'bah - a black shrine is said built by the Prophet Muhammad( leader and founder of islam). - references point for the Qibla ⮚ Panolong - a carved protrusion akin to a wing attached to the torogan MUSIC III.Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1989) ⮚ Western musical instruments like the pipe organ, the violin. the guitar, and the piano Art forms are stylistically and culturally which are gives a very new European flavor with new classified under: rhythms, melodies and musical forms. - Religious art - Lowland Christian art WRITING SYSTEM - Folk art. ⮚ Mangyans of Mindoro has bamboo poles influence like Habanera, Jota, and Tango which are etched with Baybayin script, used dances from Spain for courtship and emotional concerns ⮚ Spanish colonization brought with it printing PAINTINGS technology In the form of catechism and prayer books in Spanish for a lot to read and ⮚ Paintings are expressed through visual write and to evangel interpretation through biblical texts in Catholic devotion. THEATER An example is Heaven, Earth, and Hell (1850) is a mural of Jose Dans placed now in Paete ⮚ One of the earliest forms of theater is Church, Laguna pomp and pageantry is a religious processions with embellished CARROZAS PRINTING SYSTEM that shows religious tableaus, saints and scenes ⮚ Reprographic art of printmaking is brought as early as the 16th century, which is a ⮚ Zarzuela or Sarsuwela in the 19th century technique of xylography or woodcut is a singing and dancing - prose dialogue printing which the story is carried out in song ⮚ Later on, the locals learned to write locally ⮚ Doctrina Christiana (The Teachings of Language sarsuwelas in the leadership of Christianity) - printed in 1593 in Spanish Severino Reyes and Hermogenes llagan and in Tagalog compiling song lyrics, and Honorata 'Atang' dela Rama as their commandments, sacraments, and other lead actress catechetical ⮚ Senakulo or Passion Play was written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen. The IV. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD Senakulo was weaked to convey Christ's (1898-1940) TO THE POSTWAR suffering in metaphor to the suffering of REPUBLIC(1946-1969) Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule. ⮚ Independence - Philippine revolution of ⮚ The Komedya is another local theater form 1896 was cut short to the establishment of that depicts the conflict between Muslims American colonial government. Treaty of and Christians Paris in 1898 is where the Spain "surrendered the Philippines to the United States. - December 10 1898 Treaty of Paris DANCE ⮚ Lingua frança in English, poems and stories from books in classroom to facilitate ⮚ As the galleon trade between Mexico and the the teaching of the English through public Philippines brought Mexican influences school system, which the Americans had Cariñosa, Pandanggo or Fandango, Polka, brought. Dansa and the Rigodon and European - In less than a decade, Filipino - began to write -He made the Oblation (1935, original/1958, plays in English. - In 1915, LinoCastillejo and bronze cast found at the UP Oblation plaza) Jesus Araullo authored A Modern Filipina which - Bonifacio Monument, 1933 in Caloocan first Filipino play written in English ⮚ Vaudeville (originated from France) form of ⮚ Amorsolo and Tolentino challenged theater during the 1920s. National Artist Victorio Edades in the modern art movement in the homecoming exhibition ⮚ Motley collection of slapstick, songs, in 1928 by which Philippine Columbian Club dances, acrobatics, comedy skits, chorus value conservative styles of Amosolo. girls, magic acts, and stand-up comic acts ⮚ The proponent of Modern Art, Victorio which is locally called bodabil Edades style were initially rejected and misunderstood in which his modernist ⮚ After the war, bodabil died away, replaced sensibility was shared by several artists: by the popularity of film and later, - Carlos "Botong" V. Francisco and Galo television In the beginning of the 20th Ocampo century, a new urban pattern - secular goals -Botong Francisco had his magisterial mural of education, health, and governance titled the Filipino Struggles Through History in 1964 placed in Manila City Hall ⮚ City Beautiful Movement introduced in -Another piece is Brown Madonna in 1938 1893 at Chicago World Fair in which new of Galo Ocampo urban design. Neoclassic architectureare ⮚ Edades, Francisco, and Ocampo are called integrated parks and lawns, to make "triumvirate" of modern art with their attractive buildings impressive and places for collaborative work that survives to this day is leisure amid urban blight Nature's Bounty, (ca. 1935) ⮚ Edades publicized a roster of artists OTHER FILIPINO ARCHITECTS DESIGNED modernist leanings. BUILDINGS WITH NEOCLASSISM ARE: ✧ Tomas Mapua, They are the "Thirteen Moderns* included ✧ Juan Arellano himself and 12 others: ✧ Antonio Toledo ⮚ Victorio Edades -Vicente Manansala ✧ Andres Luna de San Pedro ⮚ Bonifacio Cristobal ⮚ Demetrio Diego ⮚ 1909 School of Fine Arts was opened and ⮚ Carlos "Botong" Francisco the course on commercial design ⮚ Cesar Legaspi aforementioned had in-demands. ⮚ Diosdado Lorenzo ⮚ Anita Magsaysay-Ho ⮚ Fernando Amorsolo became a professor in ⮚ Galo Ocampo the UP School of Fine Arts, which students ⮚ Jose Pardo pertained to as "Amorsolo School" ⮚ Arsenio Capili ⮚ RicartePur ⮚ Guillermo Tolentino, on the other hand, in ⮚ Hernando R. Ocampo sculpture studied Fine Arts in Rome being influenced by the classical tradition V. JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1941-1945) Under the Japanese occupation of Manila the Alice Guillermo as an artists and writers Modern Art project would show down in pace. reflected national identity with rising from the The “moderns” and “conservatives” ashes of war. Continued to produce art in KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa paglilingkod ng development of modern art when a new kind of bagong Pilipinas) modernism emerged, observed by the artist-writer Emilio Aguilar Cruz, which he FAMOUS WRITER IN THE PHILIPPINES: named NeoRealism. -Fernando amorsolo y cueto Manansala, Legaspi, and HR Ocampo are Japanese forces built a formation “Greater other artist associated with Neo- Realism. East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”- a movement created a Pan-Asian to rejected Western through -Manansala's The Beggars, (1952 ) sponsored publication such as Shin-Seiki. -Tuba Drinkers,( 1954 ) -Legaspi's Gadgets II,( 1949) National Artist – Felipe P. de Leon said to have been “commanded at the point of the gun” to ⮚ Two years later, the rift between the write Awit Sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas "Conservatives" subscribe to the Amorsolo declared as the anthem of the period, which and Tolentino style & "Moderns" by Edades conveyed allegiance reared in East Asia, would resurface in the AAP art competition. especially Japan who is in political power. ⮚ UP Diliman campus' Church of Holy Strictly policed under the Second World War Sacrifice, 1955-and the Church of Risen Amorsolo’s paintings still though has a little Lord -employed concrete as primary material or no indication of war’ satrocities with rounded or parabolic forms. ✔ Harvest Scene, 1942 ✔ Rice Planting, 1942 ⮚ Another remarkable example is the Chapel of St. Joseph the Worker in Victorias, Negros Genre paintings are widely produced showing built by the Czech-American architect Antonin relationship between Filipinos and the Japanese Raymond. of the normality of the daily living. mural of Christ by the Filipino-American FATHER OF MODERN PHILIPPINE ART: artist. -Alfonso- Ossorio called Angry Christ. -victorio edades 70's CONTEMPORARY Crispin Lopez’s Study of an Aeta, 1943 ⮚ Under the helm of Ferdinand and Imelda Words that depicted the horrors: Diosdado Marcos beginning in 1965, many cultural Lorenzo’s Atrocities in Paco-Dominador projects ensued amid the backdrop of Casteneda’s Doomed Family were painted after poverty and volatile social conditions. 1945. National chaos of emergency proportions emerged as Martial Law was declared on Neo-Realism, Abstraction, and other Modern September 21, 1972 that envisioned a New Art Styles Society or Bagong Lipunan. Discerned in the anthem or songs, aims optimism toward a  new beginning. The optimism toward new programming influenced western beginning was articulated in Levi Celerio and avant-garde tenets, pop art, Felipe Padilla de Leon's - Bagong Pag-silang. ⮚ Social Realism (SR) is a significant strand of intense political ferment in the 70s and the The CCP as Shrine for the Arts 80s. ⮚ Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) is ⮚ Also worked collectively, and in collaboration, a bureaucratic entity of art acquisition that not only in terms of producing murals and upholds exhibition making, workshops, other art forms, grants, and awards. It was created on 25 June 1966 in the Executive Order 30 and ⮚ In sculpture, Eduardo Castillo's gigantic inaugurated in 1969, the year Marcos was metal work Pieta, 1969, evoked a strong elected to his second term as Philippine feeling of anguish and loss through the President. expressive poses of Mary the mother and the oversized body of Christ which she supports. ⮚ Leandro Locsin designed the modernist building, crossing between the vernacular Fernando amorsolo y cueto- grand old ⮚ Bahay Kubo and art brut minimalist man structures as shrine to High Art. Victorio edades- Father of the modern ⮚ Structure presides entrance of the CCP philippine art complex - satellite structures Guillermo Tolentino- Father of sculpting ❖ Folk Arts Theater venue of the first Ms. Universe Pageant in the Philippines in 1974 ❖ Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) -1976 IMF World Bank Conference ❖ Tahanang Filipino or Coconut Palace - anticipation of a papal visit Manila Film Center Manila International Film Festival rival of Cannes. ⮚ Group exhibition, Objects in CCP in 1973 is a tore up a copy of a coffee- table book to Philippine contemporary art into trash bin ⮚ The Struggle for Philippine Art referred by PuritaKalaw-Ledesma which she says "anti- museum art." ⮚ Under Chabet and later Raymundo Albano, CCP Museum opened its exhibition