CPAR REVIEWER PDF

Lesson 1 Art or "Sining" is defined as the different manners of expressing human skills and imagination in the creation of aesthetic conditions, objects, and presentations. Postwar Republic (1946-1969) Contemporary are the modern, conservative, abstract, experimental, and public art....

Lesson 1 Art or "Sining" is defined as the different manners of expressing human skills and imagination in the creation of aesthetic conditions, objects, and presentations. Postwar Republic (1946-1969) Contemporary are the modern, conservative, abstract, experimental, and public art. 70s Contemporary are the Figurative, non-figurative art, multimedia, mixed media, and transmedia. The Philippines has diverse art forms from its different regions. These diverse art forms, when integrated, give a clear picture of how abundant the culture and tradition of the Philippines is. The Development of Philippine Art in Three Major Traditions ★ Ethnic Tradition The ethnic art forms are primarily influenced by the geographical location and the experiences of the Filipinos. The purpose of art is integral to life. Arts reflected the pagan beliefs and practices of our ancestors. Angono Petroglyphs It is situated in Binangonan, Rizal. It was discovered by the National Artist, Carlos "Botong" Francisco in 1965. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock dated back to circa late Neolithic. Manunggul Jar It is found in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point Palawan in the early 1960's. Manunggul Jar is a burial jar that signifies the belief of early Filipinos in life after death. Banga Dance Banga means pots. The Banga or pot dance is a performance of Kalinga of the Mountain Province. This dance shows the elegant grace of the Igorot tribe and the skill and strength of women. Pre-colonial architecture - The early Filipinos used local materials such as anahaw, bamboo, cogon, cane, rattan, and other light materials in constructing structures since these were the materials accessible in their area. This folk literature verbalized their experiences. Regarding theater arts, tribal presentations, and rituals were the early theatrical performances depicting their beliefs. In music, our ancestors also have their indigenous musical instruments like the bamboo flutes and brass gongs. Tribal presentations and rituals were the early theatrical performances depicting their beliefs. In music, our ancestors also have their indigenous musical instruments like the bamboo flutes and brass gongs. ★ Spanish Colonial Tradition Most of the art forms during this era were religious arts to convert the Filipinos to Catholicism. Art forms were primarily influenced by religion and secularization. In this time, Spaniards used arts to propagate the Catholic faith. Churches were a combination of both native and European elements which is why art historians refer to the style as colonial baroque or Phialippine baroque. The awit and corrido grew among the lowland Christian communities of Pampanga, Ilocos, Bicol, and Iloilo. These were secular musical forms based from European literature and history that were chanted stories popular among the peasants. Religious processions where Catholic saints and scenes from the bible were prevalent. During the 19th century, the zarzuela or sarzuela, a popular form of musical theater, an operetta of singing and dancing together with prose dialogues were introduced by the Spaniards. Langit, Lupa at Impyerno This wall painting by Josef Luciano Dans will be found in St. James the Apostle Church in Paete, Laguna. This painting was dated 1850 and depicts the heaven, crucifixion of Christ; earth, Adan and eve; and hell, sinners with different transgressions St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral It is located in Burgos, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur. The original structure was built in 1574 and replaced as a church in 1641. The cathedral follows a Baroque architectural design. ★ American and Colonial Contemporary Arts Contemporary art refers to the practice of art from the 1970s to the present. Contemporary Arts mirror contemporary culture and society. Modern Art refers to the practice of art from 1860's to 1960's. The main theme of artworks in this time is national identity. The American colonial order defined its priorities as education and value formation, with both following the "American way of life". The Making of the Philippine Flag This wall painting was made by Fernando Amorsolo, the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art" and born in Manila. It shows a reminder of the customs and traditions of the Filipinos. Bayanihan Carlos "Botong" Francisco was born in Angono, Rizal. This painting by him was dated in 1962. This mural painting of Carlos shows the Filipino's Bayanihan tradition. This also shows the distinctive style of his painting that showcased his mastery in arts. Cinco Marias (Tres Maria Series) Federico Aguilas Alcuaz was born in Santa Cruz, Manila. Cinco Marias depicts the variety of domestic activities. Art Installation in Sand Dunes of Paoay Leeroy New is one of the Philippine's contemporary artists. He is born in General Santos City. This art installation of Leeroy New was made for the La Milagrosa Festival in Ilocos Norte. According to him, the art installation symbolizes the great festivals, feasts, and celebrations. Lesson 2 Various Contemporary Art Forms CONTEMPORARY ART- refers to painting, sculpture, photography, installation, performance, and video art produced today. Different Form of Contemporary Arts Fine Arts - These are primarily for aesthetic enjoyment through the senses, especially visual and auditory. It is changing certain materials or media for aesthetic pleasure. Examples: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Poetry, Music, Literature, and Dance Visual Arts - It is a form of art that uses any medium to represent the artist's idea, emotion, and imagination. Visual arts are art forms that are primarily visual in nature. Practical/Utilitarian Art - These arts are intended for practical use or utility. It is the changing of raw materials for utilitarian purposes. However, they must possess ornaments or artistic qualities to make them useful and beautiful. Examples: Combs, Buttons, Needle cases, Cooking pots, Ornate spears, and Harpoons. Industrial Art - The changing of raw materials into some significant product for human consumption or use. Applied or Household Art - Refers mostly to household arts such as flower arrangement, interior decoration, dressmaking, embroidery, cooking, and others. Civic Art - This art includes municipal or town planning, maintenance and beautification of parks, plazas, roads, bridges and farms. It refers to civic planning and beautification in order to improve the standards of living. Commercial Art - Involves business propaganda in the form of advertisements in newspapers and magazines, sign painting, billboard announcements, leaflets, displays, poster designing, movie illustrations and many more. Calligraphy - a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad-tipped instrument, brush or other writing instrument. Modern calligraphy ranges form inscriptions and designs to fine-art pieces where the letters may or may not be readable. Computer Graphics - the branch of computer science that deals with generating images with the aid of computers. Computer graphics is a core technology in digital photography, film, video games, cellphone and computer displays and may specialized application. Typography - is the art of arranging letters and text in a way that makes the copy legible, clear and visually appealing to the reader. It involves font style, appearance and structure which aims to elicit certain emotions and covey specific messages. Bindery - refers to a studio, workshop, or factory where sheets of (usually) paper are fastened together to make books, but also where gold and other decorative elements are added to the exterior of books, where boxes or books are made, and where the restoration of books is carried out. Agricultural Art - refers to agronomy (crop production), horticulture (garden or orchard cultivation), husbandry (raising of cows, carabaos, poultry and swine) and farming. Business Art - includes merchandising, accounting, bookkeeping, typewriting, stenography, salesmanship, and business administration. Fishery Art - includes shallow and deep sea fishing, fish refrigeration and culture, net weaving. Medical or Clinical Art - It includes first aid treatments, medicinal manufacturing, surgery, medical operations, rehabilitation and others. It is a diverse, multidisciplinary field dedicated to transforming health and the healthcare experience through arts. Lesson 3 PHOTOGRAPHY Known as "photographic art" or "artistic photography". It refers to an imprecise category of photographs, created in accordance with the creative vision of the cameraman. CONCEPTUAL ART The concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic, technical, and material concerns. PERFORMANCE ART Begun in the 1960s and retain its popularity today. While the art form is performed by artists (as the name suggests), it is not solely intended as entertainment. Instead, its goal is to convey a message or idea. INSTALLATION ART A genre in which "ideas" and "impact" are regarded as being more important than the quality of a finished "product" or "work of art." In here, installation artists are more concerned with the presentation of their message than with the material used to present it LAND ART A form of contemporary art, also known as Earthworks or Earth Art. This is a land-based interventions or artworks that has a variety of forms, from large-scale artworks like man- made curtains reaching across vast stretches of landscape. ANIMATION ART A form of visual art that makes motion pictures from a series of still drawings. Although twenty first century animation is dominated by computerized film and video technology, the creative figure drawing skills and draftmanship of cartoonists and graphic artists remain an integral part of the process. COMPUTER ART Refers to any form of graphic art or digital imagery which is produced with the aid of a computer, or any types of art in which the role of the computer is emphasized. GRAPHIC ART Depends on their effect on line and tone, not color. The main classical type of graphic art is drawing, which includes cartoons, caricature, comic strips and animation, as well as line drawings and sketching with pencil or charcoal, and pen and ink. POSTER ART Describes a general category of printed 2-D artwork which is designed to be affixed to a vertical surface. Posters may consist exclusively of images, or images and text. Lesson 4 Filipino Contemporary Artists ❖ Nona Garcia Born in 1978, in Manila Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting from the University of the Philippines. She won the Grand Prize in the Philip Morris ASEAN Art Award (2000). Her work has been exhibited in countless galleries both local and abroad. Nona Garcia is known for employing the use of stark realism. She also employs the use of paper cutouts, x-rays, and lightboxes in her works. ❖ Andres Barrioquinto A graduate of the University of Santo Tomas fine Arts program Dark Man of Philippine Art Barrioquinto's work is notable for its use of juxtaposition and scale. ❖ Leeroy New A native of General Santos City. He graduated from the Philippine High School for the Arts and the University of the Philippines College of Fine Arts Leeroy New has employed a variety of mediums for his artwork, including production design, public art, product design, and wearable art. However, he's perhaps best known for his iconic sculptures, which blend together a variety of shapes, colors, and forms to challenge the viewer. ❖ Nikki Luna Luna is a graduate of the University of the Philippines' Fine Arts program, focusing on visual art. She also received a Chevening Award, allowing her to take a masters in Art and Education at the University of London in the UK. Luna's work is notable for highlighting issues of women, including the issues of rape, sexual harassment, domestic workers, and migrant workers. ❖ Rodel Tapaya One of the top names in Philippine painting and visual art, and his work has garnered him critical acclaim both in the country and abroad Born in 1980 in Montalban, Rizal, Tapaya first broke out into the scene when he won the Nokia Art Awards in 2001. Tapaya won the 2011 Signature Art Prize, was named one of CCP's 13 Artists of 2012, and has been shortlisted several times for the Ateneo Art Awards, among others. ❖ Ernest Concepcion Born in 1977, he graduated from the University of the Philippines with a Bachelor of Fine Arts. Concepcion is notable for his use of color and texture in his artworks. His paintings are abstracted reflections on Philippine history, social issues, and the human experience. ❖ Annie Cabigting She graduated from the University of the Philippines with a Major in Painting in 1994, and has since been exhibited in dozens of galleries. Cabigting is perhaps most known for her ability to force her viewers to question ideas of authorship, reproduction, and point of view. ❖ Dex Fernandez He is best known for his cartoonish, many-legged subject "Garapata," Fernandez's work is playful and street- smart, bringing a modern sensibility to many of Manila's galleries. He studied Fine Art and Advertising at the Technological University of the Philippines before working as a graphic designer. ❖ Oscar Villamiel Born in 1953 and a graduate of the Fine Arts Program of University of the East, he worked as a set designer and entrepreneur for several decades. Villamiel's work is well-known for its use of salvaging, with the artist using found materials or old, recycled parts to create entirely new works. His 2014 installation art about the Philippines, Mga Damong Ligaw, employed the use of over 10,000 excised carabao horns that flowed from the gallery walls onto the floor. ❖ Geraldine Javier Geraldine Javier is a Philippine visual artist whose work foregrounds the tension between dynamic contrasts. Born in 1970, she initially began her career training to be a nurse before turning to the arts. She first began exhibiting her work internationally in 2004, and has been featured in dozens of galleries both in the Philippines and abroad. ❖ Ronald Ventura Ronald Ventura has been hailed as one of the most distinctive and unique artistic voices of his generation. Born in 1973 and educated at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, he's been multi-awarded since his student days. Ronald Ventura's artworks are known for combining a variety of different media, and he explores new themes, materials, and concepts in his work. ❖ Gary-Ross Pastrana He received his bachelor's degree in painting from the University of the Philippines' College of Fine Arts, where he was awarded the Dominador Castañeda Award for Best Thesis. His work has also employed the use of folded and coiled photographs, found pictures from the internet woven together, and even his own shirt tied to a flagpole. ❖ Benedicto Cabrera Benedicto Cabrera, more popularly known as BenCab, has been hailed as one of the most iconic artists of his generation. He studied in the University of the Philippines before exploring a career in art circles in London. Benedicto Cabrera's artworks are notable for his mastery of a variety of different media, including printmaking, painting, photography, and draftsmanship. Benedicto Cabrera's paintings are primarily figurative, focusing on the female subject, and occasionally men, wrapped in swirling fabrics. ❖ Agnes Arellano Perhaps one of the greatest Philippine sculptors of her generation, Agnes Arellano's work demands the viewer's full attention. She finally took a Major in Sculpture from the College of Fine Arts, University of the Philippines. Arellano is known for her focus on the female body using a variety of different sculptural materials, including casts of her own body. She calls her sculptures "inscapes," where she invites the viewers to walk in and explore the core of their meaning. ❖ Kiko Escora Kiko Escora, also known as Manila Animal, is a prolific, chameleon-like artist whose work changes with every exhibition. Kiko Escora's work is known for the negotiation between the themes of intimacy and violence. His portraits, often foregrounding the subjects in stark lighting, invite a level of scrutiny on the part of the viewer that feels both familiar and invasive all at once. ❖ Yasmin Sison-Ching Born in 1972 in Cavite, she took up a degree in Humanities and Fine Arts and graduated from the University of the Philippines, later taking a second degree in Painting from 1994-1997 and a Masters in Art Education in 2001. Sison-Ching's early work centered on abstract expressionism. Her gestural paintings included bright splashes of color and expressionist figures that lacked both form and identity. ❖ Neil Pasilan Neil Pasilan is a self-taught, multi-media artist from Bacolod. Born in 1971 and brother to fellow artist Diokno Pasilan, he displayed creativity at an early age. In his youth, he modeled figures in clay before moving on to other forms and media. His solo exhibitions have been at various galleries in the Philippines. Pasilan's work is known for its use of multiple layers and media, utilizing these different strata to expose or sometimes mask different forms and subjects. ❖ Kawayan de Guia Kawayan de Guia is a growing name within the Philippine art world, and with good reason. De Guia's work is notable for his seemingly disjointed juxtapositions of different images and forms. His collages play with concepts that are often difficult to pair, such as religion and consumerism, in collages that play with both shape and color. ❖ Mark Salvatus Mark Salvatus is an intermedia artist who has been slowly but surely rising in prominence in the Philippine art scene. Born in 1980 and educated at the University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts & Design Mark Salvatus calls his artworks "Salvage Projects," and he is preoccupied with the idea of movements and transitions from one place or state of being to another. ❖ Patricia Perez Eustaquio Patricia Perez Eustaquio has been hailed as one of the foremost artists of her generation. Eustaquio's work is concerned with the idea of vanity, focusing on materials and structures that are carefully created and staged. Much of her work involves the materials of craft, including fabric, leather, lace, ceramic, and upholstery- either handmade or industrial. ❖ Martha Atienza Martha Atienza was born to a Filipino father and Dutch mother. She finished a bachelor's degree in Mixed Media and Media Art at the Aki Academy of Visual Arts and Design in the Netherlands. Martha Atienza's work is primarily known for being expressed through video installation, which has been exhibited in various galleries across the globe. Using the concept of a "stranger" to guide her hand, her work toes the line between imagination and understanding. ❖ Hannah Pettyjohn Pettyjohn graduated from the University of the Philippines with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting. Pettyjohn's work seems to focus on the meeting and discussion between two worlds. Her paintings are often accompanied by sculptural works, and fragments of memory and autobiographical tidbits make up much of her artwork. Her palettes are muted, emphasizing a feeling of nostalgia and transience.  ❖ Pope Bacay Having graduated from the Studio Arts program of the University of the Philippines in only 2016, he's quickly begun to make waves in the local art scene in the Philippines The visual geography on his canvases is both foreign and familiar all at once, with windowpanes or traditional-style houses a well-known sight to viewers. His masterful grasp of melancholy and nostalgia definitely makes him a voice to look out for. ❖ David Medalla David Medalla is one of the greats of Philippine contemporary art, and any list would be remiss not to include him. As one of the foremost artists in kinetic art and sculpture in the world, Medalla's influence on Philippine contemporary art is undeniable. His creativity, eloquence, and genius are undeniable, and luckily for Philippine art he still has more to give. Edi meow