Human Nutrition & Dietetics Notes Oct 2024 PDF

14^th^. Oct. 2024, Monday Science Art Human Nutrition & Dietetics - Nutrition = physiological chemistry. - Science man vs. food vs nutrition. - Human Nutrition and Diet health - Food Science & Technology industry - Nutrition starts with ingestion. - Human Nutrition: science that...

14^th^. Oct. 2024, Monday Science Art Human Nutrition & Dietetics - Nutrition = physiological chemistry. - Science man vs. food vs nutrition. - Human Nutrition and Diet health - Food Science & Technology industry - Nutrition starts with ingestion. - Human Nutrition: science that studies the relationship between man & food Manfood, it also studies biotransformation/Nutritional Utilization/Assimilation (All body process that interact with the nutrients in order to maintain homeostasis. - Biology, Chemistry, Computer, Math's, Statistics, sociology, Psychology. - Biology involves: Biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, endocrinology, microbiology, genetics, epidemiology, histology. - Being an overweight might be a psychological issue. 16^th^.Oct. 2024, Wednesday. - Diet depends on tolerance. - Food: any material, liquid or solid, when swallowed can provide any/or combination of the following functions (in general): \*\*general functions consist of hundreds of subunits - Structure (S) growth & development - Growth: physical, an increase of cell no. & size. Hyper*[trophy]*: Increasing the *[size]* of the cell. hyper*[plas]*ia (hypergenesis): *[Increasing(plus)]* the number of the cell.\ Growth starts from conception. - Development: cell differentiation & acquisition of function - Energy (E) - Regulation (R) of (S) & (E) \*\* Disease is when one or more of those get disturbed. **Food** gives nutrients, which are chemical components of food that have its function metabolic substrates \+ micro chemicals (ex: food coloring) - Dietary choices should be tailored to an individual's ability to tolerate certain foods, nutrients, or eating patterns. 21^st^.Oct.2024, Monday **Diet**: a food or a mix of foods usually eaten per unit time (a day) - Normal diet (regular) (habitual) (usual) (house). - Modified diet (special) for certain purposes. - Preventive. - Therapeutic. **Nutritional utilization / Assimilation / biotransformation**: all body processes (ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, cell uptake, metabolism, & excretion.) that interact with the nutrients to maintain homeostasis, normal body function and health.\ **Health according to WHO:** It is the state of complete physical, mental and psychological will being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. **Nutritional Status**: The health condition of the individual as affected by the nutritional utilization of the N + E available for the body **Homeostasis:** the regulation of conditions inside the body to maintain a stable internal environment in a dynamic state of balance, in response to both internal and external stimuli, within narrow limits. (ex: electrolyte balance).\ An essential nutrient must have: 1. Functional Specificity: a function specific to a nutrient, not shared by other nutrients. 2. Deficiency Sensitivity: upon different nutrients, this specific function becomes defective physiological & biological defects.\ lacksymptomsdisease should be cured by giving that specific nutrient. - Symptoms: edema, fatty liver, skin lesions, hair discoloration, and stunted growth. - Symptoms: Extreme weight loss, muscle wasting, lethargy, dry skin, and fragile hair. CHO Protein Fat ------------ ---- ----- --------- ----- Structure 1ْ \-- Yes Yes 2ْ Yes \-- \-- Energy 1ْ Yes \-- \-- 2ْ \-- Yes Yes Regulation 1ْ \-- Yes Yes 2ْ Yes \-- \-- **Primary Functions**: These are the core functions for which the body needs that macronutrient the most. If the primary function isn't fulfilled, it can lead to immediate health issues. For example, carbohydrates\' primary function is to provide energy for the brain and muscles. Without enough carbohydrates, the body may struggle to perform well in high-energy tasks, leading to fatigue or even mental fog. **Secondary Functions**: These are beneficial roles the nutrient plays beyond its main purpose. Secondary functions are still important but are not as immediately essential for survival or basic bodily function. For example, while fats primarily store energy, their secondary function of supporting hormone production and nutrient absorption is also crucial for long-term health. 23^rd^.Oct.2024, Wednesday Malnutrition: The ill health resulting from a deficiency (Hypophagia), excess (Hyperphagia) or imbalance. **Nutrient Deficiency:** - Primary: inadequate/ shortage/ or complete lack of nutrient (in reference to the need -DRI-) - Secondary: induced/ functional, nutrient is present in the diet, even in adequate \#, but nutrilization is defective. Ingestion \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--Excretion Causes: - Primary: Starvation, economics, disasters, psychology, sociology, culture, religion, food aversion. - Secondary: maldigestion, malabsorption, defective transport, defective metabolism, malexcretion (like diarrhea). Nutrient deficiency Symptoms Disease (time costly). \