Biology and Health Quiz

Biology

• Biology is a broad field that encompasses various disciplines like biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, endocrinology, microbiology, genetics, epidemiology, and histology.
• Nutritional utilization, assimilation, and biotransformation are all body processes that involve interaction with nutrients to maintain homeostasis, normal body function, and overall health.
• These processes include ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, cellular uptake, metabolism, and excretion.

Health

• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health encompasses complete physical, mental, and psychological well-being.
• This definition emphasizes that health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are essential for providing energy to the body.
• Insufficient carbohydrate intake can lead to fatigue, mental fog, and difficulty performing high-energy tasks.

Secondary Functions of Nutrients

• Nutrients can have secondary functions beyond their primary roles.
• These beneficial roles contribute to overall health and well-being.

Malnutrition

• Malnutrition refers to ill health arising from a deficiency (hypophagia), excess (hyperphagia), or imbalance of nutrients.

Nutrient Deficiency

• Primary deficiency: Occurs when there is an inadequate, insufficient, or complete lack of a nutrient in the diet, relative to the recommended dietary intake (DRI).
• Secondary deficiency: Occurs when a nutrient is present in the diet, even in adequate amounts, but its utilization is defective. This can be caused by various factors such as impaired absorption, transport, or metabolism.

Food and Nutrients

• Food provides nutrients, which are chemical components with metabolic functions.
• Microchemicals like food coloring are also present in food.
• Dietary choices should consider individual food, nutrient, and eating pattern tolerances.
• Nutritional status reflects the health condition influenced by the body's use of available nutrients.

Homeostasis

• Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment by responding to both internal and external stimuli.

Deficiency Sensitivity

• Different nutrients have specific functions, and their deficiency can lead to physiological and biological defects.
• Lack symptoms and diseases can be treated by providing the specific deficient nutrient.
• Carbohydrates (CHO), Protein, and Fat have primary and secondary functions.

Macronutrient Functions

• Carbohydrates are primarily used for structure and energy. Deficiency can lead to fatigue and mental fog.
• Protein is primarily used for structure and regulation.
• Fat is primarily used for structure and energy.
• Secondary functions of macronutrients provide additional benefits beyond their main purposes.