Module 5: S&T and Nation Building PDF

MODULE 5 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING Objectives At the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to: 1. explore how DOST's role aligns with the STS framework by examining how science and technology initiatives contribute to societal development and address pressin...

MODULE 5 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING Objectives At the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to: 1. explore how DOST's role aligns with the STS framework by examining how science and technology initiatives contribute to societal development and address pressing challenges; 2. Connect the establishment of specific DOST sectors and agencies to the organizational structures that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, reflecting the specialization and compartmentalization of functions; 3. Analyze how TOP DOST Projects represent intellectual advancements and innovations, showcasing how the intellectual revolution manifests in practical applications for national development; Objectives 4. Highlight the role of information and communication technologies within DOST initiatives, demonstrating how the Information Revolution contributes to addressing sustainable development challenges aligned with SDGs; 5. Encourage critical analysis by examining how DOST's impact is intertwined with societal, economic, and cultural factors, emphasizing the interconnectedness highlighted in the STS framework.  Module 5.0: Science Technology and Nation Building HOW DOES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CONTRIBUTE TO NATION BUILDING? Science and technology have played crucial role in the development of the Philippines as a nation. Throughout its history, the Philippines has been influenced by different cultures and colonial powers, each leaving its mark on the country's scientific and technological development.  History of Science and Technology in the Philippines ▪ herbal medicines Business: use of the alphabet, numbers, Usage of herbs – Pre-Spanish era weighing and measurement systems, and https://www.facebook.com/groups/memoriesoldmanila/ permalink/1208895229265328/ calendar www.spot.ph Farming, building of ships, mining minerals and weaving for clothing were the first skills developed by Filipinos for livelihood a superb architectural design like the Banaue rice terraces Banaue www.banaueterraces.com rice terraces www.worldatlas.com  formal education and creation of scientific organizations schools were mandated to teach religion, mathematics, reading and writing, and music and arts Health and sanitation were also taught to locals. Religion was taught innovative approaches on thefirst.website farming medicine and biology were given focused focused on engineering: construction of buildings, churches, bridges, roads and forts trade was prioritized due to possible bigger profits University of Santo Tomas www.rappler.com  the former Laboratorio Municipal was replaced by the Bureau of Government Laboratories under the Department of Interior The Bureau was established for the purpose of studying tropical diseases and other related research projects In 1905, the Bureau was changed to the Bureau of Science, which became the main research center of the Philippines In 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established focused on agriculture, medicine and pharmacy, food processing and forestry In 1946 the Bureau of Science was substituted by the Institute of Science GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  President Ferdinand Marcos mandated Department of Education to do a promotion of science courses in public high schools budget for research projects in applied sciences and science education fund for private universities and colleges for the creation of courses related to S&T and to promote research 35-hectare lot in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal was proclaimed in 1968 as the Philippine Science Community (now DOST site) Seminars, workshops, training programs and scholarships on fisheries and oceanography were sponsored by the government Department of Science and Technology (DOST) commons.wikimedia.org  The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is tasked to oversee and manage national technology development and acquisition, undertake technological and scientific research and promote public consciousness of science and technology. DOST is responsible for formulating and adopting a comprehensive National and Technology plan for the Philippines and subsequently, to monitor and coordinate its funding and implementation. It undertakes policy research, technology assessment, feasibility and technical studies, and maintains a national information system and databank on science and technology.  Two Major Approaches A. Stronger Research and Development in the Region - expand research and development initiatives by providing more grant support for R and D. The science initiative must be distributed to the regions especially those where food production needs to be improved, industry needs to grow and where innovation needs to be developed. MALASAKIT – enhancing social fabric PAGBABAGO – reducing inequality KAUNLARAN – increasing potential growth B. Strategic Projects in Five Areas: ❖Renewable energy – develop new technologies to enable high electricity yields in limited spaces with less dependence on natural resources, lowering the price of electricity. ❖S and T for industry development – encourage stronger participation of Filipino scientists and engineers to revitalize basic industries such as steel industry. ❖Faster and cheaper internet connection – need to bridge gaps and build networks. ❖Increased Food Production – given limited lands, technology is needed to expand yields while increasing quality output and being less dependent on foreign products like fertilizers. ❖Climate change adaptation – enable farmers to adapt to changing climates and the need to do away with technologies that destroy the capacity for good healthful yields. Different service agencies under the DOST which caters to specialized fields: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) which is mandated to provide protection against natural calamities and ensure the safety, well – being and economic security of all people and undertaking scientific and technological services in meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomy and other geophysical sciences.  Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOCS) which provides information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis for the protection of life and property, monitors volcano, earthquake and tsunami activity and issues warnings as necessary to mitigate disasters that may arise.  DOST Councils o Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research Development (PCAARRD) o Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development (PCAMRD) o Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research and Development (PCIERD) o Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) o Philippine Council for Advanced Science and Technology Research and Development (PCASTRD) o National Research Council of the Philippines (NCRP)  Introduced and implemented programs, projects and policies to boost science and technology. Prepare the whole country and its people to meet the demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science. National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) The National Academy of Science and Technology is mandated: 1.To recognize outstanding achievements in science and technology as well as provide meaningful incentives to those engaged in scientific and technological researches 2.To advise the President and the Cabinet on matters related to science and technology 3.To engage in projects and programs designed to recognize outstanding achievements in science and to promote scientific productivity 4.To embark on programs traditionally and internationally expected of an academy of science 5.To manage, operate and maintain the Philippine Science Heritage Center Some TOP DOST Projects Salamander Amphibious Tricycle H2O Technologies headed by Dominic N. Chung and Lamberto Armada, together with Chief Designer Victor “Atoy” Llave invented the Salamander, an amphibious tricycle that can cross flooded streets, rivers, and lakes. SALt Lamp ▪A young Filipina inventor named Aisa Mejino invented a lighting system that utilizes saltwater. ▪She invented the Sustainable Alternative Lighting (SALt) lamp, an environmental- friendly light source that runs on saltwater. Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System Department of Science and Technology-Industrial Technology Development Institute (DOST-ITDI) introduced a trap system made of natural ingredients that are lethal to mosquitos but safe for humans and environment, known as the Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System (OL Trap). E-jeepney ▪This modern type of transportation uses electricity instead of the more expensive diesel.  Philippine Agriculture through Horticulture Ramon C. Barba He developed a process that caused the flowering and fruiting of mango trees three times a year, instead on once a year, so dramatically improving yields. His work found applications in advancing the mango export industry. In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the government, particularly DOST, has sought the expertise of the NCRP to consult various sectors in the society to study how the Philippines can prepare itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals. The NCRP clustered these policies into four: 1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband Local food security 2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics Emphasizing degrees, licenses and employment opportunities Outright grants for peer monitoring Review of RA 9184 Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development 3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ensuring compliance of drug manufacturing firms with ASEAN harmonized standards by full implementation of the FDA Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical services and care Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based research as pool of information Allocating 2% of the GDP to research Legislating a law supporting human genome projects 4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people’s conservation Formulation of common food and safety standards. Further, the DOST support the Agenda by focusing substantial efforts to contribute to: Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable https://en.unesco.org/sustainabledevelopmentgoals Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) addresses “the risk of small-scale and large-scale, frequent and infrequent, sudden and slow-onset disasters, caused by natural or manmade hazards as well as related environmental, technological and biological hazards and risks. It considers climate change as one of the drivers of risk. It aims to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels as well as within and across all sectors. DOST supports the Sendai Framework by subscribing to the identified Four Priorities for Action namely: Priority 1. Understanding disaster risk Priority 2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk Priority 3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience Priority 4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction Below also are the Research Priorities for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (DRR CCA) of the Philippines: A. Observation and Monitoring Networks B. Technology Development and Application for Monitoring C. Modelling and Simulation for Improvement of Monitoring and Forecasting D. Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment E. Warning and Risk Communication F. Technology Development and Application for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation G. Technology Development and Application for Disaster Risk Management H. Policy Research Status of SDG targets in the Philippines  Science and Technology: Effects on Society and the Environment  S&T effects on society and the environment and vice versa Mechanized agriculture Water pumps and sprinkler cope with the damaging heat cause by the changing climate and weather. Production of GMO crops which grow faster and are more resistant to pests and diseases. Mechanized farming Fertilizers needed by the crops to increase nutrients in the soil, lusakastar.com enhance the growth of the crops and produce high-quality yields Improved transportation by road, by air, by water and even by space Better communication thru radios, televisions, internet, and social media. S&T has enhanced the learning process and quality education On-line learning Visual learning and on - line learning www.teachingonline.net  Resource depletion Increasing wastes generated and emitted as these technologies are manufactured, and eventually when the products are disposed S&T has also increased our population. Advanced birth control methods may help Resource depletion and pollution news.mb.com.ph balance population and the resources but only in developed countries. In developing countries, there is no control on birth rate, mortality rate is high, resources like food are scarce and health and sanitation are also poor. Poor sanitation www.wpro.who.int Learning Check: Complete the diagram below by enumerating the roles of science and technology in shaping the nation. 1. 2. 3.  ARTICLE ANALYSIS Read the article given by your professor.