Science and Technology in the Philippines

Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Science and Technology and Nation Building Lesson Objectives Discuss the role of science and technology in Philippine nation building; Evaluate government policies pertaining to S&T in terms of their contributions to nation-building; and Identify actual S&T poli...

Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Science and Technology and Nation Building Lesson Objectives Discuss the role of science and technology in Philippine nation building; Evaluate government policies pertaining to S&T in terms of their contributions to nation-building; and Identify actual S&T policies of the government and appraise their impact on the development of the Filipino nation. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES PRE-SPANISH ERA BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES THE PHILIPPINES THEN AND NOW Click the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zi_yWetmdtA BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES The early inhabitants of the archipelago had their own culture and traditions. Own belief system and indigenous knowledge Keeps them organized and sustained their lives and communities for many years. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Science in Pre-Spanish Philippines Embedded in the way of life BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES They already had an alphabet, number system, a weighing and measuring system and a calendar Filipinos were already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving. The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated products of engineering by pre-Spanish era Filipinos. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES SCIENCE in Pre-Spanish Philippines: Planting crops that provide them food Taking care of animals Food production Interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates Medicinal uses of plants BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES TECHNOLOGY: Building houses Irrigations Developing tools Musical instruments BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES TREE HOUSE To keep safe from enemies and wild animals Ladders are hoisted in at night BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Metal Age influence Gold and silver jewelry Trading with other countries  Indigenous or Folk Science BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Spanish Rule Brought their own culture and practices BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES – Established schools and introduced the concepts of subjects and disciplines – Learning of science in school focuses on understanding different concepts related to the human body, plants, animals and heavenly bodies. – Technology focuses on using and developing house tools BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Life during the Spanish era – Became modernized Filipinos replicated technology brought by the Spaniards using indigenous materials. Medicine and advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and universities BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Galleon Trade BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Galleon Trade The galleon trade was supplied by merchants largely from port areas of Fujian who traveled to Manila to sell the Spaniards spices, porcelain, ivory, processed silk cloth and other valuable commodities. From 1565 to 1815, the galleon trade contributed to the change of culture, language and environment for both Philippines and Mexico. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Galleon Trade PORCELAIN IVORY SILK SPICES BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES The country became one of the centers of global trade in SEA – One of the most developed places in the region. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Superstitious beliefs and Catholic doctrines and practices halted the growth of science in the country. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES American Period More influence in the Development of S&T compared to the Spaniards BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES American Period Pubic education system Improved engineering works and health conditions of the people Established a modern research university, the University of the Philippines and more public hospitals Mineral resources were explored and exploited BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES “Americanize” the Filipinos Reorganized the learning of science In basic education, science education focuses on nature studies and science and sanitation Improved and modernized higher education with researches on the control of malaria, cholera, TB and other tropical diseases BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES HEALTH AND SANITATION Filipinos learned the value of cleanliness, proper hygiene, and healthy practices Hospitals, clinics, and health centers were established including hospitals for lepers BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES INFRASTRUCTURE Americans built roads, streets, and bridges The new infrastructure helped make the movement of products and services more efficient Boulevards, zone districts, and centers of leisure were also established BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES WORLD WAR 2 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES World War 2 The country had a difficult time to rebuild itself from the ruins of the war. The human spirit to survive and to rebuild the country may be strong but the capacity of the country to bring back what was destroyed was limited. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES New Republic Focusing on using its limited resources in improving S&T capability Use of Overseas Development Allocation to improve scientific productivity and technological capability Human resource development BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES INFLUENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF S & T IN THE PHILIPPINES External Influences Foreign Internal Influences Colonizers Survival Development Traders with Culture of S&T in the Foreign Economic Philippines Countries Activities International Economic demands BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES How does school science shape Science and Technology in our country? GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Introduced and implemented programs, projects and policies to boost science and technology. GOAL: prepare the whole country and its people to meet the demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science. GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the government, particularly the DOST, has sought the expertise of the NRCP to consult various sectors in the society to study how the Philippines can prepare itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals. GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY The NRCP clustered these policies into four: 1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance 2. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics 3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband Local food security GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities Outright grants for peer monitoring Review of RA 9184 Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN- harmonized standards by full implementation of the FDA Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical services and care Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based research as pool of information Allocating 2% of the GDP to research Legislating a law supporting human genome projects GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people’s conservation Formulation of common food and safety standards