History of Philippine Science and Education
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Questions and Answers

Which method was NOT utilized by Filipinos for their livelihood in the Pre-Spanish era?

  • Farming
  • Building of ships
  • Textile manufacturing (correct)
  • Mining minerals

    • What form of knowledge was NOT mandated to be taught in schools during the historical period mentioned?

  • Arts and music
  • Religion
  • Mathematics
  • Science (correct)

    • The Banaue rice terraces are known for which of the following?

  • Herbal medicine cultivation
  • Being a mining site
  • Technological innovation
  • Superb architectural design (correct)

    • Which of the following systems was used by Filipinos for business purposes?

    <p>Calendar and numerical calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of health education was emphasized to locals?

    <p>Health and sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the Bureau of Science after its establishment in 1905?

    <p>Studying tropical diseases and related research projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which government body was formed in 1933 to focus on diverse scientific fields?

    <p>National Research Council of the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a focus area for the National Research Council of the Philippines?

    <p>Space exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which president mandated the promotion of science courses in public high schools?

    <p>President Ferdinand Marcos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established in 1968 as part of the Philippine government's initiative in science and technology?

    <p>Philippine Science Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)?

    <p>Overseeing national technology development and acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is NOT sponsored by the government for fisheries and oceanography?

    <p>Job fairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major role of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) regarding research projects?

    <p>Promoting public awareness of science and technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which council is responsible for the research and development in health disciplines?

    <p>Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)?

    <p>To recognize outstanding achievements in science and technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which invention is designed for transportation across flooded areas?

    <p>Salamander Amphibious Tricycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature does the SALt Lamp utilize for its operation?

    <p>Saltwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System?

    <p>To eliminate mosquitoes safely for humans and the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which council promotes industry and energy research specifically?

    <p>Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research and Development (PCIERD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of technology does the E-jeepney primarily utilize for its operation?

    <p>Electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following councils is focused on agriculture and aquatic resources?

    <p>Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research Development (PCAARRD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main objectives of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction?

    <p>To guide multi-hazard management of disaster risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT one of the Four Priorities for Action identified by the Sendai Framework?

    <p>Raising funds for immediate disaster relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which priority is focused on improving techniques to accurately assess potential hazards and risks?

    <p>Understanding disaster risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a driver of risk in disaster management?

    <p>Cultural traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Build Back Better' in the intent of disaster response emphasize?

    <p>Implementing more effective disaster prevention strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology application is prioritized for both monitoring and climate change mitigation in disaster risk reduction?

    <p>Technology development and application for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does mechanized agriculture play in the context of climate change?

    <p>It mitigates the effects of climate change by enhancing crop yields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is a significant advancement in communication attributed to science and technology?

    <p>Expansion of radio, television, and internet access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovation did Barba contribute to significantly enhance mango yields?

    <p>A process for flowering and fruiting three times a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four clustered policy areas identified by the NCRP in response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda?

    <p>Healthcare Policy and Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the recommended actions within the Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry policy area?

    <p>Promoting indigenous knowledge systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What goal does the DOST focus on in relation to fostering innovation and sustainable industrialization?

    <p>Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure and promote sustainable industrialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the NCRP suggest integrating ASEAN awareness in education?

    <p>Without adding to the existing curriculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following measures is proposed for medical, chemical, and pharmaceutical sciences?

    <p>Creating an education council for drug standardization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the policy area focused on Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research prioritize?

    <p>Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect related to environmental sustainability is included in the policies for Biological Sciences?

    <p>Enforcing existing biodiversity conservation laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pre-Spanish Era

    • Filipinos developed skills for livelihood including farming, building ships, mining minerals and weaving for clothing.
    • Used herbal medicines
    • Developed building skills demonstrated by architectural designs like the Banaue rice terraces.

    Spanish Era

    • Promoted formal education and creation of scientific organizations.
    • Schools were mandated to teach religion, mathematics, reading and writing, music and arts.
    • Health and sanitation were also taught.
    • Focused on engineering: construction of buildings, churches, bridges, roads and forts.
    • Focused on trade, prioritizing potential profits.

    The Bureau of Science

    • Founded in 1905 and became the main research center of the Philippines.
    • Focused on research projects covering tropical diseases.
    • The Bureau was established by replacing the former Laboratorio Municipal to be under the Department of Interior.

    National Research Council

    • Founded in 1933
    • Focused on research in agriculture, medicine and pharmacy, food processing and forestry.

    The Institute of Science

    • Replaced the Bureau of Science in 1946.

    Government Policies on Science and Technology: 1960s - 1970s

    • Established the DOST site in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal.
    • Promoted science courses in public high schools and funded research projects in applied sciences and science education.
    • Funded creation of S&T-related courses in private universities and colleges.
    • Sponsored seminars, workshops, training programs, and scholarships for fisheries and oceanography.

    Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

    • Responsible for overseeing national technology development and acquisition, undertaking technological and scientific research, and promoting public consciousness of science and technology.
    • Responsible for formulating and adopting a comprehensive Science and Technology plan, and for monitoring and coordinating its funding and implementation.
    • Conducts policy research, technology assessment, feasibility and technical studies, and maintains a national information system and databank on science and technology.

    DOST Councils

    • Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research Development (PCAARRD).
    • Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development (PCAMRD).
    • Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research and Development (PCIERD).
    • Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD).
    • Philippine Council for Advanced Science and Technology Research and Development (PCASTRD).
    • National Research Council of the Philippines (NCRP).

    National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)

    • Mandated to:
      • Recognize outstanding achievements in science and technology, and provide incentives to those engaged in scientific and technological researches.
      • Advise the President and Cabinet on matters related to science and technology.
      • Engage in projects and programs designed to recognize outstanding achievements in science and to promote scientific productivity.
      • Embark on programs traditionally and internationally expected of an academy of science.
      • Manage, operate and maintain the Philippine Science Heritage Center.

    Top DOST Projects

    • Salamander Amphibious Tricycle: Invented by H2O Technologies, an amphibious tricycle that can cross flooded streets, rivers, and lakes.
    • SALt Lamp: Invented by Aisa Mejino, a lighting system that utilizes saltwater.
    • Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System: A trap system made of natural ingredients that are lethal to mosquitos but safe for humans and environment.
    • E-jeepney: A modern type of transportation using electricity instead of diesel.
    • Philippine Agriculture through Horticulture: Ramon C. Barba developed a process that causes the flowering and fruiting of mango trees three times a year.

    ASEAN 2015 Agenda

    • The NCRP clustered policies into four categories:
      • Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance
      • Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics
      • Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
      • Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry

    DOST Support of the Agenda

    • Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.
    • Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
    • Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

    The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030)

    • Aims to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels as well as within and across all sectors. It considers climate change as one of the drivers of risk.
    • Four Priorities for Action:
      • Understanding disaster risk
      • Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
      • Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
      • Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

    Research Priorities for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (DRR CCA)

    • Observation and Monitoring Networks
    • Technology Development and Application for Monitoring
    • Modelling and Simulation for Improvement of Monitoring and Forecasting
    • Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
    • Warning and Risk Communication
    • Technology Development and Application for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
    • Technology Development and Application for Disaster Risk Management
    • Policy Research

    Science and Technology: Effects on Society and the Environment

    • Mechanized agriculture, water pumps, and sprinklers help cope with changing climate and weather.
    • Production of GMO crops grow faster and are more resistant to pests and diseases.
    • Improved transportation, communication, and social media.

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    Description

    Explore the development of skills and education in the Philippines from the Pre-Spanish Era to the establishment of the Bureau of Science and the National Research Council. This quiz examines the influence of different periods on agricultural practices, health, architecture, and formal education in the country.

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