MIDTERM-MODULE-2.2.4-GEC-107-5.pdf

MIDTERM MODULE 2.2.4 – GEC 107 RENATO U. POLO, PHD. Philippine Presidents and Their Contributions to Science and Technology Throughout the history of the Philippines, its presidents have played pivotal roles in shaping the country’s development in various fields, in...

MIDTERM MODULE 2.2.4 – GEC 107 RENATO U. POLO, PHD. Philippine Presidents and Their Contributions to Science and Technology Throughout the history of the Philippines, its presidents have played pivotal roles in shaping the country’s development in various fields, including science and technology. Each administration has contributed to advancing the nation’s technological infrastructure, research initiatives, and policies. Here is a narrative of key contributions by Philippine presidents to science and technology: 1. Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944) As the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Manuel L. Quezon laid the groundwork for the country’s modernization. His administration saw the establishment of the National Economic Council (NEC) to plan economic policies that emphasized industrial development and technological advancement. Quezon understood that economic independence required progress in science and technology, although these efforts were still in their infancy during his term. 2. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) Ramon Magsaysay is often remembered for his pro-poor policies, but his administration also focused on rural development through science and technology. He established the National Science Development Board (NSDB) in 1956, which later became the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). Magsaysay recognized the role of science in improving agriculture, launching programs that promoted the use of modern farming techniques to increase productivity in rural areas. His administration made initial steps in fostering research, particularly in agriculture, which was crucial for the country’s economy. 3. Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986) Ferdinand Marcos made significant contributions to the institutionalization of science and technology in the Philippines. Under his presidency, the Philippine Science Act of 1972 was passed, establishing the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA), the forerunner of today’s DOST. His administration expanded government support for scientific research, especially in agriculture, health, and engineering. Marcos also initiated the creation of Philippine Science High Schools (PSHS) to nurture young scientific talent, focusing on the development of future scientists and engineers. Additionally, the Marcos administration was instrumental in establishing infrastructure projects like the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (although it was never operational due to safety concerns) and launching programs like MASAGANA 99, which aimed to increase rice production through the use of science-based farming practices. 4. Corazon Aquino (1986-1992) The administration of Corazon Aquino came after the Marcos era and was marked by efforts to democratize and reform various institutions. While economic recovery and political stability were her administration's main focus, Aquino also made strides in supporting scientific and technological innovation. Under her leadership, the National Science and Technology Plan (NSTP) was formulated to guide the country's long-term scientific development. She reorganized the NSTA into the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in 1987, elevating science and technology to a cabinet-level priority. This restructuring aimed to accelerate the country’s scientific research, with a focus on improving technology for industries and agriculture. 5. Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998) Fidel V. Ramos was a strong advocate for the role of science and technology in nation- building. His administration passed the Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP), which focused on building a more technologically competitive country. Ramos sought to modernize industries through the development of science parks and the promotion of research and development (R&D) in fields such as electronics, information technology, and biotechnology. Ramos also led the establishment of the Philippine Council for Advanced Science and Technology Research and Development (PCASTRD) and other agencies that further strengthened the country’s scientific capabilities. He placed emphasis on collaboration between academia, government, and the private sector to boost innovation, particularly in industries like telecommunications and energy. 6. Joseph Estrada (1998-2001) While Joseph Estrada’s presidency was short-lived, his administration continued efforts to enhance science and technology in the country. Estrada supported programs that focused on information technology (IT) development and infrastructure. His administration endorsed the e-Commerce Act of 2000, which promoted the use of electronic communications and commerce, a crucial step in the Philippines' entry into the digital age. Estrada also continued promoting research in agriculture, particularly through initiatives aimed at reducing poverty in rural areas by applying science-based approaches to farming. 7. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010) Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo significantly expanded the role of science and technology in the country’s development. During her presidency, the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector experienced rapid growth, contributing to the Philippines becoming a global hub for business process outsourcing (BPO). Arroyo supported the ICT Act of 2003, which fostered the growth of the telecommunications and IT industries. Her administration also emphasized the importance of scientific research in agriculture, health, and disaster preparedness. One notable project was the Biofuels Act of 2006, which aimed to encourage the use of renewable energy, showcasing a push towards sustainable technologies. Additionally, Arroyo was a strong proponent of building a knowledge-based economy, particularly in areas such as biotechnology and nanotechnology. 8. Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016) Under Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino III’s presidency, science and technology took center stage in addressing climate change and disaster risk reduction. The Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) was launched to improve the country’s ability to predict and prepare for natural disasters, using advanced meteorological and geospatial technology to save lives. This initiative proved crucial in mitigating the impact of typhoons and other natural disasters in the Philippines. Aquino also continued to support the development of the ICT sector, focusing on expanding internet access and improving the country's digital infrastructure. His administration supported technological innovations in renewable energy, health services, and education. 9. Rodrigo Duterte (2016-2022) Rodrigo Duterte’s administration prioritized the modernization of the country’s science and technology infrastructure, particularly in addressing national issues such as health, disaster preparedness, and education. One of his key contributions was the passage of the Balik Scientist Act, which encouraged Filipino scientists living abroad to return to the Philippines and contribute to national development through research and innovation. His administration also supported projects like the establishment of the Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) in 2019, which laid the foundation for space science research and technology. PhilSA aims to advance the country's capabilities in satellite development, space exploration, and the utilization of space technology for disaster management, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. Duterte’s term also saw efforts to promote innovation in the agriculture sector, with initiatives supporting the mechanization and modernization of farming practices through science-based approaches. Conclusion Each Philippine president has contributed to the development of science and technology in unique ways. From establishing institutions and passing key legislation to fostering innovation in agriculture, health, and ICT, these leaders have played vital roles in shaping the nation’s scientific landscape. The cumulative efforts of these administrations have helped the Philippines progress toward a more modern, knowledge-based economy, equipped to address both local and global challenges.