Philippine Presidents Contributions Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Who was the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines?

Manuel L. Quezon

What significant board was established by Ramon Magsaysay in 1956?

National Science Development Board (correct)

Department of Science and Technology

National Economic Council

National Technology Authority

Ferdinand Marcos passed the Philippine Science Act of 1972.

True

What plan was formulated under Corazon Aquino to guide long-term scientific development?

National Science and Technology Plan Signup and view all the answers

Which administration focused on building science parks and promoting R&D?

Fidel V. Ramos Signup and view all the answers

What major act did Joseph Estrada endorse in 2000?

e-Commerce Act Signup and view all the answers

The ___ administration laid the foundation for future scientific talent by establishing Philippine Science High Schools.

Marcos Signup and view all the answers

What year did the Spaniards arrive in the Philippines?

1521 Signup and view all the answers

The Spanish colonization lasted for more than 200 years.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crops were introduced by the Spaniards during their colonization?

Tobacco Signup and view all the answers

What were the prominent institutions for higher learning established during the Spanish regime?

University of Santo Tomas and Ateneo de Manila University Signup and view all the answers

Spanish friars brought Western ______ and scientific ideas to the islands.

medicine Signup and view all the answers

The construction of irrigation systems became less common during the Spanish period.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main focuses of the Spanish colonial government and the Church?

Religious conversion Signup and view all the answers

Name one notable figure known for conducting botanical studies in the Philippines during the Spanish period.

Fr. Manuel Blanco Signup and view all the answers

Match the following infrastructures with their descriptions:

Fort Santiago = Defensive structure in Manila San Juan de Dios Hospital = Provided healthcare Manila-Dagupan railway = Facilitated trade and communication Intricate stone churches = Built using European engineering techniques Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philippine Presidents and Their Contributions to Science and Technology

Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944)
- Established the National Economic Council (NEC) to focus on industrial development and technological advancement.
- Believed economic independence required progress in science and technology, though these efforts were in their initial stages during his term.
Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
- Focused on rural development through science and technology.
- Established the National Science Development Board (NSDB) in 1956, which later became the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).
- Promoted modern farming techniques to boost agricultural productivity in rural areas.
- Made initial strides in fostering research, particularly in agriculture.
Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986)
- Implemented the Philippine Science Act of 1972, creating the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA), the precursor to DOST.
- Expanded government support for research in agriculture, health, and engineering.
- Founded the Philippine Science High Schools (PSHS) to cultivate young scientific talent.
- Constructed infrastructure projects like the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (but it remained inoperative due to safety concerns).
- Launched the "MASAGANA 99" program to increase rice production using science-based farming practices.
Corazon Aquino (1986-1992)
- Introduced the National Science and Technology Plan (NSTP) to guide scientific development.
- Reorganized NSTA into the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in 1987, making science and technology a cabinet-level priority.
- Focused on developing technology for industries and agriculture.
Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998)
- Passed the Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP) to build a technologically competitive country.
- Promoted modernization of industries through science parks and R&D in electronics, information technology, and biotechnology.
- Established the Philippine Council for Advanced Science and Technology Research and Development (PCASTRD) to strengthen scientific capabilities.
- Emphasized collaboration between academia, government, and the private sector to boost innovation, particularly in telecommunications and energy.
Joseph Estrada (1998-2001)
- Supported programs focusing on information technology (IT) development and infrastructure.
- Approved the e-Commerce Act of 2000, promoting electronic communications and commerce, crucial for digitalization.
- Continued promoting agricultural research with initiatives aimed at alleviating rural poverty through science-based farming.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010)
- Introduced the "Science and Technology Agenda for National Development" to emphasize science and technology in national development.
- Implemented the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines to strengthen intellectual property rights.
- Launched the National Science and Technology Park in 2009 to foster innovation and entrepreneurship.

Science and Technology During the Spanish Regime

The Spanish colonization of the Philippines from 1521 to the late 19th century significantly impacted science and technology.
Western scientific knowledge was introduced through education, medical practices, and agricultural techniques.
However, the primary focus on religious conversion sometimes limited scientific progress.

Introduction of Western Science and Medicine

The Catholic Church played a vital role in education and the dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Early education primarily focused on training priests and missionaries to spread Christianity.
The University of Santo Tomas (UST) was established in 1611 and introduced formal education in medicine, philosophy, theology, and natural sciences.
Spanish friars brought Western medicine and scientific ideas to the Philippines, introducing structured medical practices emphasizing anatomy, surgery, and modern instruments.
Hospitals like San Juan de Dios were established to provide healthcare.
Western medical practices were combined with indigenous medical knowledge, shaping Filipino medical traditions.

Agriculture and Farming

The Spanish introduced new crops like maize, cacao, coffee, tobacco, and tomatoes to the Philippines.
The encomienda system, introduced by the Spaniards, organized agricultural production on a large scale.
The use of plows, encouraged by Spanish friars and officials, increased productivity in rice and sugarcane plantations.
The construction of irrigation systems became more widespread during this period.

Engineering and Infrastructure

Spanish colonial authorities undertook extensive public works projects, including churches, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure.
Intricate stone churches like those in Paoay and San Agustin were built using European engineering techniques combined with local knowledge.
These churches showcased earthquake-proof construction methods using materials like stone and coral.
Spanish constructions included forts and defensive structures like Fort Santiago in Manila, built with advanced techniques and materials showcasing expertise in military engineering.
Roads networks, such as the Manila-Dagupan railway, were constructed to facilitate trade and communication.

Shipbuilding remained crucial in the Philippines during the Spanish period.
The Philippines became a key stop on the Galleon Trade route connecting Manila to Acapulco, Mexico.
Filipino craftsmen participated in building galleons, transporting goods across the Pacific Ocean.
The Galleon trade introduced new navigation techniques and equipment, enhancing seafaring knowledge in the Philippines.
This maritime trade also facilitated scientific exchanges, spreading goods, technology, and ideas between Asia, the Americas, and Europe.

Scientific Expeditions and Botanical Studies

Spanish explorers and missionaries conducted scientific expeditions across the Philippines, documenting the islands' biodiversity.
Fr. Manuel Blanco, a Spanish friar and botanist, published the Flora de Filipinas in 1837, cataloging many Philippine plants.
His work contributed to a global understanding of tropical flora and laid the groundwork for further research in the natural sciences.
Botanical studies had practical applications in medicine and agriculture, identifying plants for food, medicine, and commercial purposes.

Challenges and Limitations

The development of science and technology during the Spanish period was limited by certain factors.
The colonial government and the Church's primary focus was on religious conversion, often overshadowing scientific progress.

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Description

Explore the contributions of various Philippine presidents to the advancement of science and technology. From Manuel L. Quezon's establishment of the National Economic Council to Ferdinand Marcos's implementation of the Philippine Science Act, this quiz highlights pivotal moments and policies that shaped the nation's scientific landscape.