The Executive Branch of the Philippines: Power, Accountability, and Governance

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINES: POWER, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND GOVERNANCE IN A MODERN DEMOCRACY  Presenters Almagro, Richelle Lu, Isabela Branzuela, Ej Mae Maglasang, Bije del Mar, Karyll Magsalay, Girlie Elladora, Rachel Poloyapoy, Kiarra Jan...

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINES: POWER, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND GOVERNANCE IN A MODERN DEMOCRACY  Presenters Almagro, Richelle Lu, Isabela Branzuela, Ej Mae Maglasang, Bije del Mar, Karyll Magsalay, Girlie Elladora, Rachel Poloyapoy, Kiarra Jane Gengoba, Caryl Jane Ricaberte, Maria Fatima  OVERVIEW A comprehensive exploration of the Executive Branch’s powers, governance, and its crucial role in maintaining accountability and steering national progress in the Philippines. INTRODUCITON TO THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMIENTS: EXECUTIVE BRANCH NATIONAL MANAGEMENT HISTORICAL AND QUALIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS CONSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT FOR THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH LEGISLATIVE INFLUENCE AND POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT EXECUTIVE ORDERS REFORMS THE VICE PRESIDENT'S ROLE CHECKS AND BALANCES THE CABINET: POLICY AND CONCLUSION GOVERNANCE INTRODUCITON TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH ROLE OF THE EXECUTIVE STRUCTURE: PRESIDENT, VICE OVERVIEW BRANCH IN THE PHILIPPINE PRESIDENT, CABINET, AND GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS President: Law Enforcement: Chief executive and commander-in-chief, overseeing national administration. Ensures laws are properly Vice President executed. Supports and succeeds the President if necessary. Appointments: The executive branch of the Cabinet The President appoints key Philippines is responsible for government officials. Advises the President, manages key departments. implementing and enforcing Foreign Policy: Executive Departments laws, led by the President, who Represents the Philippines in Led by secretaries, handle specific government serves as both the head of international affairs. functions. Government Corporations National Security: state and head of government. State-owned enterprises providing essential Oversees the Armed Forces as services. commander-in-chief. Independent Agencies Economic Management: Entities like NEDA and CHED, under presidential Guides policies for economic growth supervision. Local Government Executives and stability. Governors, Mayors, and Barangay Captains  HISTORICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT Historical Context Constitutional Context Malolos Constitution (1899): First Republican Constitution: Pre-Colonial Period: Established a President as the head of the executive branch. Datus, Rajahs, and Sultans: 1935 Constitution: Held traditional and communal executive Commonwealth Period: authority. Provided the President with significant powers, including veto authority, military control, and broad executive functions, influenced by the U.S. Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1898): Constitution. Governor-General: Centralized executive power, excluding Filipino participation in governance. 1973 Constitution: Martial Law Era: Introduced a parliamentary system with a Prime Minister; however, President American Colonial Period (1898-1946): Marcos centralized executive authority. Governor-General: American-appointed official, establishing the basis for the modern executive 1987 Constitution: branch. Post-People Power Revolution: Restored democratic governance with the President as head of state and government, incorporating checks and balances, emphasizing democratic accountability, human rights, and separation of powers. POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT Presidential authority refers to the power and influence that a president holds as the head of state and government. EXECUTIVE POWERS REFER TO THE AUTHORITY VESTED IN A The scope of the President's PRESIDENT Enforcing laws executive privilege in the Managing foreign relations Philippines has been the subject Commanding the military of legal debates. Executive Deploying forces and resources privilege allows the President to Assessing risks and minimizing casualties withhold certain information or Monitoring progress and making documents from the legislative adjustments Ensuring post-conflict stability or judicial branches, THE VICE PRESIDENT'S ROLE According to the constitution, the vice president may concurrently assume a cabinet position should the President of the Philippines offer the former one. The vice president will become a secretary concurrent to the position of vice president. Aside from the cabinet post, the vice president is mandated to assume the presidency in case of the death, disability, or resignation of the incumbent President. THE CABINET: POLICY AND GOVERNANCE POLICY FORMULATION ROLE IN SHAPING AND IMPLEMENTATION NATIONAL POLICIES The Cabinet is a key part of the executive The Cabinet advises the President, branch responsible for shaping and transforming the administration's goals implementing national policies in the into actionable projects and programs. Philippines. Each Cabinet member They ensure that policies meet the oversees a specific department, needs of citizens and align with the addressing political, social, and economic government's priorities through issues. coordination in Cabinet meetings. MANAGING KEY NATIONAL BALANCING POLITICAL AND DEPARTMENTS TECHNOCRATIC APPOINTMENTS Department of Finance (DOF): Oversees fiscal policy and ensures sound financial The Cabinet consists of both technocrats, management. Department of National Defense (DND): Protects the selected for their expertise, and political country from internal and external threats, supporting appointees, chosen for their political ties Departmentpeace and development. of Health (DOH): Ensures access and loyalty to the President. to quality public health services for all Filipinos.  EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS: NATIONAL MANAGEMENT RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND BUDGETING MANAGING NATIONAL DECISIONS FUNCTIONS The executive department oversees the RESOURCE ALLOCATION The executive decides on the allocation of resources among implementation of laws and policies departments, which involves prioritizing programs and projects formulated by the legislative branch. It is based on the government's strategic goals. BUDGETING PROCESS responsible for ensuring that the The executive department, typically through the Department of Budget and Management (DBM), prepares the national budget and government's decisions are executed submits it to the legislature for approval, allocating resources effectively across the nation. based on national priorities. KEY DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS COMMISSION ON AUDIT (COA) FUNCTIONS DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS (DFA) An independent constitutional body that audits government funds Handles the country's international relations, and ensures that resources are used efficiently and for their including diplomacy, treaties, and the welfare of intended purpose. It provides transparency and accountability in OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN government spending. citizens DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH abroad. (DOH) Investigates and prosecutes government officials involved in Manages public health policies, healthcare corruption, misconduct, and other irregularities. It ensures services, disease prevention, and health-related that public officials are held accountable for their actions. research.  QUALIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH QUALIFICATIONS FOR CABINET MEMBERS: - Appointed by the President with Ferdinand Romualdez Sara relevant experience President Marcos Jr.of the Philippines Vice President of the Philippines Duterte - Must be confirmed by the Commission on Appointments PRESIDENT QUALIFICATIONS: VICE PRESIDENT QUALIFICATIONS: Current Executive Secretary: Lucas - At least 40 years old on election - At least 35 years old on election Bersamin Current Secretary of Agrarian Reform: Conrado Estrella day day II Current Secretary of Agriculture: - Natural-born Filipino citizen - Natural-born Filipino citizen Francisco Tiu Laurel, Jr. Current Secretary of Budget and Management: - Registered voter - Registered voter Amina Pangandaman Current Secretary of Education, Culture, and Sports: - Resident of the Philippines for - Resident of the Philippines for Juan Edgardo Angara at least 10 years before the at least 10 years before the election election  LEGISLATIVE INFLUENCE AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS REFORMS EXECUTIVE ORDERS IN SHAPING LEGISLATIVE GRIDLOCK LEGISLATION The President can propose laws, When legislative action stalls, the influence policy direction, and President may issue executive orders prioritize legislative agendas in to address urgent issues or Congress. implement policies. PRESIDENTIAL VETO POWER KEY EXECUTIVE ORDERS EO No. 209 (1987): Established the Family Code, The President has the power to veto updating laws on marriage and family relations. bills passed by Congress, which can EO No. 292 (1987): Created the Administrative Code, defining the organization and functions of the be overridden only by a two-thirds government. majority in both chambers. EO No. 26 (2017): Enforced a nationwide  CHECKS AND Are the mechanisms that distribute BALANCES Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, power throughout a political consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do system. eiusmod tempor incididunt ut Ensuring laborethe accountability of the CHECKS et dolore magna aliqua. Ut branches. enim ad minim veniam, quis JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo. AND Supreme Court ruling limiting executive power BALANCES IMPEACHMENT A process by which a government official can be removed from office for misconduct  The Executive Branch of the Philippines is a fundamental component of national governance, responsible for executing laws CONCLUSION and managing government operations. It consists of the President, Vice President, and Cabinet, each playing a key role in shaping and implementing policies. Individuals in the Executive Branch of the Philippines President Vice President Cabinet Members Local Government Executives Key aspects of the Executive Branch Balancing Power and Accountability Adapting to Challenges Importance of Transparency  REFERENCES Philippine Constitution: - Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. [1987 Constitution](http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/) Office of the President of the Philippines: - U.S. Department of State. [Secretary Blinken’s Meeting with Philippine President Marcos Jr.](https://www.state.gov/secretary-blinkens-meeting- with-philippine-president-marcos-jr/) Government of the Philippines: - Simple Wikipedia. [Government of the Philippines](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines) Books and Articles: - De Guzman, Raul P. Philippine Government and Politics: An Introduction. - “The Philippine Executive: Powers and Accountability,” Philippine Journal of Public Administration. Online Resources: - Triple I Consulting. [Government Agencies in the Philippines](https://www.tripleiconsulting.com/government-agencies-philippines/) - Alburol Law. [Executive Powers of the President: Veto Power](https://www.alburolaw.com/executive-powers-of-the-president-veto-power/) - Investopedia. [Checks and Balances](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/checks-and-balances.asp) - GovInfo. [Constitution of the Philippines (1987)](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CPRT-106SPRT66922/html/CPRT-106SPRT66922.htm) THANK YOU For your Attention and Participation