Philippine History - Past Papers

e Readings i Th n IPPINE HISTO HIL RY P  AGENDA First Voyage Customs of the Kartilla ng Around the Tagalogs Katipunan World  AGENDA Mga Gunita ng Declaration of Political Himagsikan Philippine Ca...

e Readings i Th n IPPINE HISTO HIL RY P  AGENDA First Voyage Customs of the Kartilla ng Around the Tagalogs Katipunan World  AGENDA Mga Gunita ng Declaration of Political Himagsikan Philippine Caricatures of Independence the American Era  AGENDA Filipino Grievances Speech of Her Against Governor Excellency President Wood Corazon C. Aquino  RESENTERS P Ryza Sabina Abastas Joanna Adviento Fairudz Amalao Jesseah May Aquino Kentjaru Arañez  RESENTERS P Honey Love Arceo Coleen Angel Ata Nelaine Mizch Baruc Carole Bernadas Justin Tracy Caballes  RESENTERS P Diether Cabarang Rueben Caindoy II Ruth Canastra Audrey Cenia Mabuhay! Welcome to the Philippines Antonio Lombardo Pigafetta's book documents the journey of Magellan and his crew, highlighting their encounters with different cultures and their scientific and geographical discoveries. The key themes are the survival and hardships of the voyage, the cultural exchanges experienced, and the exploration itself. Pigafetta uses informal and emotional tones to vividly describe these experiences, making the journey accessible to readers.  Pigafetta's use of tone and rhetorical techniques is key to conveying his message in the book. He employs imagery to vividly describe the people, landscapes, and challenges of the voyage. Ethos strengthens his credibility as a participant in the journey, while Pathos evokes emotional responses from readers by highlighting the hardships, such as the crew's illnesses and the loss of most men. His language and style aim to give readers a firsthand experience of the voyage.  To understand Pigafetta's primary source, it's important to consider the context of the Age of Exploration. During this time, explorers charted uncharted seas, spreading cultures and religions while seeking natural resources. Pigafetta's role as Magellan's assistant influenced his emotional perspective, particularly in describing their experiences, such as those in the Philippines. Author: Role: Antonio Lombardo Pigafetta wrote Pigafetta was Magellan's assistant, First Voyage Around the World documenting the journey under the between 1519 and 1522 during order of King Charles I of Spain. Magellan's expedition. Primary Source: Completion: Pigafetta's journal became the main The manuscript was source of information on Magellan’s finished after the voyage and the first successful voyage in 1522. circumnavigation of the globe.  Historical Value Short-term Significance The document is a rare, The book introduced people of valuable primary source, the time to unknown places capturing the experiences and cultures, expanding their of Magellan and his crew. understanding of the world. Importance of Documentation Long-term Impact The book highlights the It has significantly influenced the significance of historical way history and documentation documentation, as it provides are valued and perceived, insight into the adventure and continuing to play a major role in challenges of circumnavigating historical studies today. the world.  oms of the Taga ust log C s An Analysis on It’s Content and Context  ABOUT THE AUTHOR: is a Spanish priest from the Fransican Order. Arrived in the Philippines in 1578. Founded several towns. Wrote a number of books to promote understanding of both the Spanish and local languages. Believed to be the author of the first printed book in the Philippines. Juan de Plasencia Author of Customs of the Tagalogs  SUMMARY: The document outlines the customs, social structure, and governance of the Tagalog people before and during the early Spanish colonial period. Plasencia describes the roles of datos (chiefs), their systems of justice, and how land, inheritance, slavery, and marriage worked within the barangay, a fundamental unit of social organization. He categorizes the Tagalog society into three classes: nobles (maharlica), commoners (aliping namamahay), and slaves (aliping saguiguilir). Plasencia provides detailed accounts of the laws related to marriage, inheritance, dowries, debt, and punishments for various offenses, offering insight into the pre- colonial and early colonial life in the Philippines.  CONTENT ANALYSIS Plasencia's account focuses on providing a clear and organized description of Tagalog customs in governance, justice, social hierarchies, and family structures. His writing captures: 1. Barangay System: Each barangay, led by a dato, was an autonomous unit made up of families and slaves. Chiefs were responsible for governing, waging wars, and managing the lands.  CONTEXT ANALYSIS Historical Context: Plasencia wrote this in 1589, during the early years of Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Cultural Impact: Plasencia’s descriptions of Tagalog customs highlight the complexities of indigenous Philippine society, showing that it was governed by laws and norms before Spanish arrival. Religious Influence: As a missionary, Plasencia’s primary goal was to convert the local population to Christianity.  rtilla n g K a tip u n a a K (Declaration of Principles) n  About the Author Identified as the "Utak ng Katipunan" He was one of the highest ranking officers during the Philippine Revolution. He joined the secret society Kataastaasan, Kagalang-galangang katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan better known as KATIPUNAN. He served as the advisor of fiscal matters and secretary of Andres Bonifacio at the age of 19. He edited the revolutionary newspaper of the called "Kalayaan" under the pseudonym 'Dimasilaw' and used the monicker 'Pingkian' in the Emilio Jacinto y Dizon secret society. ( December 15, 1875 - April 16, 1899) SUMMARY The Kartilya ng Katipunan, a guidebook for members of the revolutionary society founded in 1892 in the Philippines, served as a moral and ethical code outlining principles and values. Written by Emilio Jacinto, the Kartilya's emphasized patriotism, integrity, bravery, unity, justice, and equality among Filipinos. This document was crucial in shaping the Katipunan's ideology and served as a blueprint for their fight against Spanish colonial rule.  Content Analysis The Kartilla ng Katipunan is a set of guiding principles and rules for members of the Katipunan, a revolutionary group fighting for Philippine independence from Spain. It lays out the core values, such as love for country, unity, and the pursuit of freedom. It also details the responsibilities and ethical standards expected of members, aiming to build a disciplined and motivated organization. The ultimate goal is to unify Filipinos in their struggle against colonial rule and to establish a free, just society.  Context Analysis Historical Context: The "Kartilla ng Katipunan" emerged during the late 19th-century Philippine Revolution. It is for the crucial ideological guide for the Katipunan, a revolutionary society fighting against Spanish colonial rule and striving for national independence. The revolutionary society or samahang Kataastaasan, kagalang-galangang katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan (KKK) was established in the year 1892 July 7. Significance: The Kartilla was central to shaping the ideology and actions of the Katipunan, helping to organize and direct the revolution against Spanish rule. It educated members on their roles and responsibilities, reinforcing the values of the revolution. The Kartilla remains an important document in Philippine history, symbolizing the ideals of freedom and unity that drove the fight for independence. Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan Emillio Aguinaldo  Introduction Author's Background Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 22, 1869, in Cavite El Viejo, Philippines. He became involved in the revolutionary movement against Spain and rose to prominence as a leader of the Katipunan, a secret society advocating for Philippine independence. Aguinaldo's leadership and military prowess led him to become the president of the First Philippine Republic. This excerpt from Emilio Aguinaldo's memoirs recounts his experiences as a leader during the Philippine Revolution. The passage focuses on his final day as the "Kapitan Municipal" of Cavite el Viejo, where he recounts the events leading to his departure and the subsequent events that unfolded.  Context Analysis Historical Context The Philippine Revolution ( 1896-1898): The revolution was a period of intense struggle for independence from Spain. The Spanish -American War (1898): The war between Spain and the united states, which began in Cuba, had a significant impact on the Philippines The Philippine- American War (1899-1902): Following the Spanish -American War, the Philippines fought against the united states for it's independence. The original memoir in Tagalog was prepared by Emilio Aguinaldo in his own Handwriting between 1928- 1946 The gunita ng himagsikan was all about the two Sangguniang Bayan which are the Magdalo and Magdiwang Faction. They play a big role in claiming the victory of Independence in Cavite against Spain Today we'll discuss 1.The Battle in Imus 2.The Battle of Zapote Bridge 3. The Election of president in Tejeros Convention The Spanish troops was defeated by Filipino revolutionaries under Aguinaldos command in lalawigan of Cavite The Spanish fell into the trap and was shot by Filipino rebels on the opposite bank of the Zapote river. The Election for President in Tejeros convention.They elected Emilio Aguinaldo as the President of the new revolutionary government. Heneral Crispulo Aguinaldo which is his brother persuaded him to take the oath. Aguinaldo won as the President in Revolutionary while Andres was elected as the Director of the Interior Terona loudly protest Bonifacio as being elected as the Director of Interior According to him Andres lack of education and does not qualified for the position. Magdalo wanted to replace KKK with new government and new leadership Magdiwang wanted to retain KKK because it already had consituation and by-laws Magdalo- Magdiwang Rivalry BALDOMERS AGUINALDO Dadalo sa pangangailangan ng bayan  f P hil ipp in e In d on o ep ati c la ma t end ar (P ro io n ) e cl nc De e From National Historical Institute INTRODUCTION The Declaration of Philippine Independence, issued on June 12, 1898, proclaimed the Philippines' freedom from Spanish rule Declared by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, War Counsellor, under the authority of Dictator Emilio Aguinaldo. The declaration outlined numerous injustices suffered by Filipinos under Spanish domination Symbolism: Adoption of a flag reflecting revolutionary ideals and gratitude towards the United States CONTENT ANALYSIS The declaration responded to Spain's harsh rule and abuses established the Philippines as an independent state recognized Emilio Aguinaldo as its leader adopted a flag symbolizing key elements of the revolution. CONTEXT ANALYSIS The declaration addressed Spanish colonial oppression and was supported by the U.S. during the Spanish-American War. It established Filipino national identity and sovereignty, inspiring future generations. The declaration proclaims that the Philippines is now an independent state.  ca t u r e o f the Am ari er al C by: Alfred McCoy ica ic n il t Er Po a  Introduction Philippine political cartoons gained full expression during the American Era. Filipino artists documented national attitudes toward the coming of the Americans as well as the shifting values and societal conditions. About 377 cartoons piled compiled in the book “Political Caricatures of the American Era, 1900-41 by historian Alfred W. McCoy speak for themselves. Birth: 1945, Massachusetts, USA ABOUT THE AUTHOR Citizenship: United States of America A professor of the SouthEast Asian History at the University of Wisconsin at Madison He spent the past quarter-century writing about the politics & history of the optimum trade Philippine Cartoons (1985). Anarchy of Families (1994) Closer Than Brothers: Manhood at the Philippine Military Academy (2000) Lives at the Margin (2001) Alfred W. McCoy SELECTED CARICATURES OF ALFRED W. MCCOY SELECTED CARICATURES OF ALFRED W. MCCOY SELECTED CARICATURES OF ALFRED W. MCCOY  Analysis of the Political Caricature during American Period The transition from the Spanish Colonial era to the American Occupation period marked a period of significant changes and shifts in culture, society, and politics. The selected cartoons not only reflect the perspectives of certain media outlets on Philippine society during the American era but also provide a comprehensive portrayal of society and politics under United States governance. Furthermore, these cartoons shed light on the living conditions of impoverished Filipinos under United States rule. It appears that not much has changed in these conditions.  Analysis of the Political Caricature during American Period For instance, one cartoon illustrates the oppression of minor Filipino criminals by police authorities, who neglect to address the monopolization of goods by large warehouse owners, likely Chinese merchants. Another cartoon portrays how Americans exert control over Filipinos through seemingly innocuous American objects, thereby influencing their consciousness and mentality to serve American interests. This suggests a continuation of subjugation and control over the Filipino population.  Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood (Petition Letter) Approved by the Commission on Independence On November 17, 1926  Introduction Leonard Wood arrived into the Philippines Islands in 1903 - 1906 after his services in Cuba He was appointed governor of the Moro Province He is also responsible for five district, and the commanding general of the troops inthe department of Mindanao and Sulu Major-General He became chief of staff of the U.S. Armyand Leonard Wood governor general of the Philippine Islands (1921–27).  Content Analysis: General Wood's personality Governor Wood retaliated by caused strong antagonism abolishing the Council and governed between the Governor -General, the Islands without the cooperation of and Filipino Political Leaders. the legislature. The struggles between Wood and Filipino leaders enhanced the nationalistic spirit of the people.  Content Analysis: Two opposing political parties Based on the document, Ancient formed a coalition known as the Filipinos were patient and diligent NATIONAL SUPREME COUNCIL. to the task of meeting the conditions given to them. They both have understanding and the Filipinos were committed in trust since the Americans promised that the Philippines would be conserved and developed for the benefit of the people  Important Terms American Flag - an emblem of freedom and symbol of altruism EO no. 37 - These are to nullify the laws creating the board of control which was issued by Governor- General Wood. Mohammedan Filipinos - Pertaining to Muslim Filipinos. United States of America Flag Corazon Aquino's Speech to the US Congress: A Call for Democracy and Support  Introduction A Nation's Struggle for Democracy Following the peaceful EDSA Revolution, Corazon Aquino, a symbol of hope for Filipinos seeking freedom from the Marcos dictatorship, became the Philippines' first female president. President Corazon Aquino's speech to the US Congress was delivered during a pivotal moment in Philippine history, as the nation transitioned from the oppressive Marcos regime to a newly established democracy. President Corazon Aquino's speech to the US Congress stands as a powerful call for international support and unity in rebuilding the Philippines after the EDSA Revolution. About Author: About the Author: She was the 11th president and the first woman to hold the office. She became the opposition’s presidential candidate in the 1986 snap election called by President Ferdinand Marcos. Aquino and supporters contested election results, sparking EDSA Revolution, resulting in Marcos' exile, Aquino's presidency. Aquino's rise to power was a testament to the people's desire for democracy and their courage in challenging a dictatorship. Ninoy Aquino, Corazon's husband, a key opposition leader, was assassinated in 1983, paving the way for her democratic advocacy. Corazon C. Aquino  Content and Contextual Analysis Aquino shares her personal narrative of her husband Ninoy Aquino's assassination by the Marcos regime, underscoring his dedication to democracy and how his sacrifice sparked the EDSA Revolution. She connects with the audience by highlighting the human cost of dictatorship and the strength of the human spirit in the face of adversity, leading to the EDSA Revolution. She details the erosion of democratic institutions under Marcos, the harsh treatment of political prisoners like Ninoy, and the Filipino people's resilience leading to the successful revolution. She showcases the people's resilience in reclaiming their democratic rights through the successful EDSA Revolution.  Content and Contextual Analysis She outlines steps taken to restore democratic institutions and acknowledges challenges such as the communist insurgency and economic development needs. Aquino calls for international support from the US Congress to strengthen democratic institutions and combat threats to freedom. Throughout the speech, she underscores the importance of democracy and human rights, emphasizing people's right to self-determination and the consequences of authoritarianism. Aquino seeks continued partnership with the US in promoting peace and prosperity in the Philippines.