Medical Terminology PDF

Medical terminology can not stand alone describesthe part ofbody Word Root basic meaningusually ofitis indicators...

Medical terminology can not stand alone describesthe part ofbody Word Root basic meaningusually ofitis indicators erythema Éiñkia ing Combining forms Vowels ioiteiiia.ie ati edenaogworaroot Eg Gastroenteritis When itis iscombined withwordroot no vowel is needed no voothonetsuffix Suffixes indicates procedure condition disorder or disease can change the wordroot noun Eg cranium Suffixes pertaining to change wr adjective anyine Abnormal condition Eg Gastrosis Pathology algia paainfs.si feringEggastraigiat FE's inflammation dynia pain Eg Gasrodynaia megaly enlargement malafia softeningEgArteriomalacia necrosis deathof tissue sclerosis abnormal hardening stenosis narrowing Procedure Related centesis removal offluids graphy Podicing a picture orrecord Eg Angiograph radiographicstudyof8 9 gram apicture orrecordEgAngiogram plasty surgicalrepairEgMyoplasty scopy visual examination Eg Arthroscopy Double R rrhage Errhagia bleeding Eg hemorrhages t f  closingofwounds surgicalsuturing Eg Myorrhapy rrhea flowdischargeofbodilyfluids rhapy rrhexis ruptureEgMyorrhexis ruptureofMuscles i inenumber it Prefixes seiyistyyleftpostafter Eg Pre natal perinatal postnatal L C the me after time during the the dogfffgent events Contrasting Prefixes dys difficult painful eu normal well hyper excessive hypo deficient decreased inter between intra inside sub under below supra above excessive Singular Plural Suffix ends a Plural de ex it plural ices is plural es itis plural is slides hx plural x ges on Um plural a us plural i Look Alike Sound Alike arterifartery other fattysubstan arthrojoint ectomysurgicalremoved ostomy craftipenned otomy incision fissure groofffrack like fistula abnormal passage ileum last longestpartofsnaffine ilium part of hipbone Lacerations a wound torn IEsion change of tissue Mucous Mucus fluid by Mucous mem membrane that linebodycavity Myc o disease by fungus Myelo bonemarrow spinalcord Mylo muscle ologist specialist ology study palpation examinationof apersonthroughhands palpitation racingheart pyelo renalpelivspartofkidneypyotp.us pyr fever Supination rotatingarm Suppuration formation discharge ofpus Trage Perghenplaced Trauma woundinjury Viral pretainingvirus Virile nature ofan adult  The human body in health and disease Anatomic Ref system location of the structural units Anatomic position standingstraight bodyerect forward hands by sides turned so palms face towards the front 1 Bodyplanes uppermost f verticalplane Ventral Anterior I ve a thefrontside Dorsal Posterior Fon a plane few cephalic the backsideof toward cauda horizontalplane theowerpart organorbody Lowermostbelow towardthefeet towards the midline 299 tetyssining farthestfrommidline beginnig adf.ggngmthe Bilateral related orhavetwoside peritonitis is cause by the Ipsilateral same side Contralateral Diffside perforationof pancrease or stomach  crease at guinal grow oB a few thejunctionofthe trunk with Iif abdomen ff.LI upper end oftign Chestcavity thelungs heart Raft Tchaffic surrounds protects back body organsof of Nervoussystem i diaphragm if L finefighavits fminal contains bodyorgans that sustain homeostasis in Iffy has the majordigestiveorgans SE9nifEmhp ects refers to both cavities spinal cord as one NOphysical wcavities division b Spaceformedbyhipbone has the reproductive excretorysystem Regions of the thorax and abdomen Peritoneum abdominal Effffranelining afore beta cartilage Retroperitoneal Behind the peritoneum Peritonitis inflammation ofperitoneum Belo stomach coveredby lower ribs abovethestomach neartheinwardcurveof spine surrounds umbilicusts nearhipbones  Structure of the body Cell basic structural functional unit cytologycytolog.is studyofcell specialistof cell study Cell membrane Cytoplasm tissuethatprotects material within u h bynuclear mem surrounds contents ofcell cell membrane controlstheactivities helpscelldivide unspecialized cell Specialized cells with specialfunctions Stem cell renew themselves undifferentiatedcell Adult BC somatic stemcells Embryonic get abilitytodevelopembryoin first undifferentiatedcells 8weeks special hasspecialfunction differentiate ondaffment.at Un GeneInit 1 58 molecule ofheredity Genetics.si 5jiin fe jgertesmfroitoie parent to another seq ofaDna dominant t Recessive ent gene meritedby gene t.EE chromosomes ffffff.it Genoms setofgenticinfo containsthegeneinnucleus TissueTells that preformspecificfunctions igyt jpjjystgthit.gs diestissue Epithelialp É coveringofallsurfaces GOIef.ts.IEtissue support connectorgans Endothelium pensee bonecartilage fptnssffonprotectivepadding.suppo o Joy a Pk an Loosect surroundsorgans supportnervecell bloodvessel cellsabilityto liquidat blood lymphtransportwaste nutrients Nervetissue cellsreacttostimuli toconductelectricalimpulses Body systemsfrom slides  Skeletal system framework body Protectinternalorganloss ossi osteo osto of Proximal Cellsofbones light innergendportionoflongbone Osteoclasts breakdownold containredbonemarrow ordamagedbone i is i iii i osteoblasts rebuilarones containsRBC Extra c 3 fi i ig bone impginppeduction Bone cortical outer c formation foggiest of 98 ne h 8891 tissue p.SE s a inst Process projectionwhichservesas canonaro whiteconnectivetissue smoothrubberyblue anattachmentforamuscleortendon Joints placebw 2 ormorebones L onlyin infants Issue fontanelles aSyria's né int slightmovemeh i many F9ag.EE f yby ballasocket Hinge 79,9rection Plane in onedirection Skeleton Axial protects nervousrespiratory shoulders circulatory organ etc Appendicular movement upper arm rage enairt.in ftp.iiigfiiiiai Eart Skull Eight osse form the cheekbone part of Skull Temporomandibularjoint Thoracic cavity Shoulder stenities ade breastbone Pectoral girdle  , Arm Wrist and hand phalanges Olecranonprocess Cfunnybone _metacarpals projectiononupper endofulna 8carpals Spinal cord 26 vertebrae 7vertebrae G G Posterio anterio 12vertebrae Separate the vertebrae T Tz ing cord nervousenter throughher 5Lumpgiebrae Li 15 coccyxtailbone Pelvic Girdle Sacroiliafontbw sacrum posteriorportionofilium Bg anteriorportion acetabulum thehipsocket ofpubicbone r Lowerposterior be pubicsymphysis Legs Ankles headoffemur 7 tarsal bones in t.is 9sidesot pili EYE Pain thighbone joinedwith tibia fibula metatarsals5 kneecap popliteal space phalanges shinbone knee cruciate L heel bone of Thesiger andc Pathology of bones Ankylosis Lossofmobility inJoint disease surgery orinjury Arthrosclerosis abnormal stiffness hardening joints of Bursitis inflammation ofbusa Hemarthrosis bloodwithin joints Dislocation displacement Synovitis inflammation ofsynovialmembrane ofbonefromjoint Subluxation partialdisplacement bonefrom Arthritis of joint Inflammation ofjoints Herniated Disk slipped ruptured intervertebraldisk Kyphosis abnormalincrease inoutwardcurve ofthoracicspine Lordosis abnormalincrease in forwardcurve Scoliosis abnormal sidewaycurvein oflumbarspine spine fractures Rheumatologist specialistofdiagnosis treatmentofarthritis Diagnostic procedure Radiograph of xray bonefractures abnormalities Arthoscopy visualexaminationofjointsinternalstructure Bonemarrowbiopsy diagnostictestforbloodcelldisorders MRI Bonescans Arthocentesis removal offluidsfromjoints Bonedensitytesting BDT determineloss orchange in bonedensity  Muscle system Longslendercells muscul.mymyos that make muscle dit move 1 5I ten tendtendin bandofconnective tissue that binds separates musclesorgroupofmuscle BTM nonelasticdense p ttJ9omuscle fascia mitts I pp fibrousconnective tissue Musche one Aponeurosis siiei.is5iiis'connectivetissue Ism É g'ethertobone fibroustissue BLB bone bone B B Muscle tissue 1 984to bonesof wallsof internalorgans bodymotion move controlflowoffluids V ftgyymuscle wehave controlled authors involuntary by system unstriated 18 9 99489 S visceral naorgan Myocardium cardiacmuscle wallsofmuscleheart striatedmuscle act likesmootmuscle involuntary constant contraction relaxation ofmuscle Motion of muscle Muscleinnervation stimulationofmusclebyan impulsetransmitted by motor nerve ftp.ffgteignaaggps Neuromuscular pertainingrelationship b wnerve muscle Antagonisticmusclepair workoppositetoeachother make contraction relaxation musclereturnstooriginalform 98 8 14 fer enlargemuse Muscle motion Abduction move awayfrombody midline Adduction move towards body Flex Éeclease the angleb wabonebending Extension If ifeng.tn gggqeblw two bones Elevation raisingorliftingabodypart Depression lowering abodypart Rotation ciargy.grmovearound farendoflimb Circumduction circularmoveat Supination actofturningarmlegtofaceforward Pronation actofturningarm legdownward orbackward flexion bendbodypartupward Dorsi Plantarflexion bendsdownward foot Muscle naming 2pointof attachment origin insertion Named for their Origin Insertion Sterno cleido mastoid Muscle musclebegin zygote breastbone collarbone muscle inserts at onepointinto the mastoid process 2 Named forfiberdirection direction in which their fiber runs Oblique slanted at an angle Rectus striaghtalignmentwithverticalaxis sphincter ring likemuscletightlyconstrictsthe opening Transverse crosswisedirection 3 Named forNumberofdivision bicepbranchii bi two cep head twodivisions tricepsbranchii 3division tri 3 cephead 4 Named for their SizeorShape muscle broadnarrowlarge small gluteus Maximus Largestmuscleofbuttock deltoid muscle shaped like invertedtriangle Eehhtffffsffhfs.us hamstring group backofupperleg 3 separatemuscle function Effed 99 Muscle and functions alis read moveslowerjawup backtoclosemouth frontalis occipito oneofthestrongest inforehead moveslowerjawuptoclosemouthwhenchewing raises lowers eyebrows  peers runs abdom makeupbulkof chest flextrunkassistbreathingsupportsspinesixpack covemusdeengagedwhenLaughingor coughing compressabdomen jfffffeabgdpm.ie wgpepsffdasfhinalmus.ie I'E t umn 8frefem.ir sfnnets flextorso Legs femros involvedinknee muscles flexion hipextension Gastrocnemius calfmuscleflexesthe footdownward knee bends Shoulder Arm 13 I 2 Pathology of muscular system fasciitis inflammation fascia Tenosynovitis inflammation synovialmem of of oftendon Tendinitis inflamoften Myolysisdegeneration muscletissues oftissue Myalgia musclepaintenderness Atrophy weaknessweaving of Myorrhexis rupturetearing muscle Polymyositisinflammation weakeningofvoluntarymuscle Atonic 188k of muscleton gg muscle Ataxia lack musclecoordination DystoniaimpairmentofvoluntarymuscleHypotonia diminishedtoneofskeletal of ofvoluntarymuscle tic spasm Bradykinesia slownessinmovement Dyskinesia impairment Spinal cord injuries Paralysis loss sensation movementduetonervedamage of strokeorbraindamage Hemiparesis slightparalysiseffecting oneside Hemiplegia totalparalysis in oneside Damageto oneside brain SPP fee of ofbothleg lowerpartofbody Quadriplegia paralysisofallfourquad Paraplegia paralysis quadriplegic Cardioplegia paralysis ofheartmuscle Tests Deeptendonreflexes test with reflexhammer to strike a tendon Electromyography diagnostic testmeasureselectricalactivitywithinmusclefibres in responseto a stimuli Musclebiopsy removal plug tissue examination of for of Neurologist treatingcauseofparalysis musculardisorder Physiatrist physicianspecializesinphysicalmedicine rehabilitation restoration ofability  Cardiovascular system Heart in thoraciccavity bwlungs Wallsof heart EpicardiumPericardium'sviscerallayer Myocardium middlethickest coronaryarteriesprovidearich blood veinsremove waste p roducts my'o of Left ff atrium Endocardium innermost vent Chambers Atriax2 dividedbyinteratria x2 divided ventricles spit byinterventricleseptum fiffffiff Apex doublewallmem sac 1s Circulation Poor Superiorinferiorvenacava Parana Rigtatrium Rightventricle pulmonaryartery lungs more Bicuspid aorta.ie oxygenRichblood Lungs Leftatrium leftventricle aorta Body Heart beat contraction relaxation beating Electricalimpulse Sinoatrialnode SA posteriorwallofRA naturalpacemaker nodeAv Atrioventricular floorofRAnearinterartrialseptum fiber withininterventricularseptum Purkinjefibers specializedconductivewithin wallsofventricles BundleofHIS groupof Electrical wave ECG Electrocardiogram Sinusvythm normalbeatingofheart Pwave contraction ofartria QRScomplex contraction ofventri Twave recovery ofventricles  endingofarteries y begingot Arteries Capillaries Veins bloodtowardsheart lowpressure or P.ies ms Awayfromtheheart f se poorBlood oxygen Endarterial withinarteries venaCavae two largestveinsin body Aortalargestbloodvessel venules smallestthat jointomakebiggerveins commoncarotid majorarteris that superficial Deepvein carrybloodupward head eachsideofneck intima Arterioles smallerthinner media branches Blood tocapillaries adventita Pulse rhythmicpressure againstwallsofartery bycontractionofheart Blood pressure measurement of the systolic diastolic pressureexerted onwallsofheart 1 Systolic ventriclescontract highestpressureexertedagainstwall ofartery Normal 120 2Diastolic ventriclesrelax lowestpressureagainstthewallsofartery normal 80 teathan Blood Plasma strawcolourednutrienthormonewasteproducts Serum plasma fluidafter bloodcells clottingproremov bloodcell Erythrocytes RBCred 02transport p dbyBonemarrow Fibrinogen Prothrombic clottingproteins bloodcell defendbodyfromforeignsubstance infectiousorganism Leukocytes WBCwhite 1Neutrophil pna iyto si 2 Basophils causesympofallergies 3Eosinophil Destroyparasiticorganismmajorinallergicreaction 4Lymphocyte identify produceantibodies 5 Monocyte PilingcyÉsis s.FIombocytesplatelets clottingofblood smallestformedelement Pathology- defect failureofhearttodevelopatbirth Atherosclerosis n Congenitalheart nÉ niowng arteriallumen of Ischemic heart disease insufficient of blood Angina supply oxygenated inaÉguaÉsidiaflowto myocardium chest pain Myocardialintracti on ie Heart failureunabletopump outallBlood cardiomegaly enlargement ofheartCarditis inflammationofheart Endocarditis inflammation ofendocardium Pericarditis inflammationofpericardium myocarditis inflammationofmyocardium  Cardiomyopathy alldiseasesofheartmuscle Dilatedcardiomyopathy heartenlargement ipumplessstrongly heartmurmur abnormalblowclickingsoundof heart valvulitisinflammationof valves arrhythmialoss normal of ofheartbeatoasystol rythm g.gg stopping heart Bradycardia abnormalslowresting cardiacarrest abruptly of neartrateTachycardia abnormallyrapid resting rate heart tumor AneurysmLiaise diéai's Arteriostenosisnarrowing Phelbitisinflammation hemangiomabenign ofartery ofveinavgfesvueperf.fi in clotininner Thrombusblood ov wallartery of r ein embolism blockage Blood of vesselembolusforeign throughblood objectmovinginvessels Leucopenia inWBC Polycythemia inRBC Thrombocytopenia smallnumber platelets transfusiontransferof of blood one from person another Leukemiacancer Wbc Anemia low inabnormal def count RBCiron cell anemia insufficientirontomakehemoglobin sickle anemia agiobin of RBC hypertension high Thalassemia reducedhemoglobin fewer BpHypotension LowBP BPonstanding orthostatichypotension low antihypertensive medtolowerBp  Lymphatic system Functions Absorb fat fatsolublevitaminslactealssmallintestine Removewaste tissueshelpimmunesystem productsfrom ReturnfilteredLymphtovein Lymph fluidremoveswaste cellfromtissue productpathogen DeadB make10 ofinterstitialfluid filteredbylymphnodes Lymph nodes Lymphaden10 smallbeanshaped hasspecialized Lymphocytes 400700onlargerlymphaticvessels Abdominallymph cervicallymphalong ofneck Axillaryin underarm inguinalin groinarea sides Lymphocytes Lymphoidcell 1 Naturalkiller cellNk killcancercells cellinfectedbyvirus 2 Bcell produceantibodies ma To cellmediated T.am fi immunity.gg praise.at gfggfggf Tonsils throat Tonsillo protectiveringonbackofnose upper Thymus thymo on nasopharynx massoftissue abovetheheart Protects killpathogens sizeduringpuberty greater smaller withage fromentering mature lymphocytes teen left rightsideofthoart thehardesoftfloors g no Spleen spiento sac like lymphoidtissue Leftupper quadrant Baseofthelounge belowdiaphragm behindstomach filters109 Immune system ftpgfffgggnicnoestro antigen forgeinobject antibodydiseasefightingprotein antigen antibody labelaspotentialdangerousbodywhichcan gggqaegytgggn boay phagocytosisengulfingforgienmolecule destroyingit monocytesmacrophages macrophages leukocyte surrounds Pathology ftp fffffhhf gffffffs Allergicreaction immunesystemreactiontoHarmlessallergena substance allergicreaction allergyhypersensitivityto aparticularallergen producing I sprite Systemicreactionanaphyticshock severeresponse scratchtest identifyallergns zgq.IE g edgtaq ftp.trheisetntamsymep.fm that autoimmunedisorder Bodyproduceantibodies tissuescell immunodeficiency immuneresponseweaknotfunctioning attacktheirown Hiv Aidsvirus damagekill tell immunosuppression repressorinteferewithimmune system  Respiratory system Upper tract Nose mouth Pharnay Launxy trachea airfilledsaclinedwithmucousmemPara nasalsinus Nostrils externalopening Nasal septum wallofcartilage divide affidebase oftongue t.im swingdownward Cilia thehigh fayside nostril oin aclaseiaryngop Mucousmem Linenose Pharynx thethroat air andfood mucus slipperysecretion moistenwarmfilterair 1Nasopharynx 2oropharynx 3 Laryngopharynx olfactoryreceptor nerveendings smell Larynx voicebox triangularchambwpharynx trachea vocalcord acartilage Thyroidcartilagelarges Trachea anteriorfrontofesophagus transportair Lungs c shapedcartilage Lower tract c P is iiI iiiii iisii i ainnero thoraciccavity cover diaphrag 2 largetubebranc fromtrachea off conveyair Lungs exchangeofCozzos divides branches psygqga.ggcapillaries 39 Élie zones poppy cartilages urtactant makeit if p domeshapedsheet contraction relaxation breathing Phenicnervestimulate it Mediastinum theonlythatpassesthrough isesophagus Middlesection bluelungs Respiration inhalation exhalation hearttracheaesophagusbronchi ventilation exchangeof takingairout disestatara 02202 tagging fifteen thymuslymphgland bloodvessels Pathology chronicobstructivePulmonary disease lung diseaseBronchialobstructed Bronchitis inflammation Bronchial of termlossoflungfunctionalveolienlarged Emphysema long Asthma inflammationofBronchialduetoallergyreaction Broncho spasm contractiontightening squeezingofbronchials upper Respiratoryinfection nasopharyngitis commoncold Allergicrhinitis j tinfiaiimiati.in noseallergens Epistaxis bleedingofnose sinusitis inflammationofsinus Pharyngitis inflammationofpharynx Laryngospasm closure oflarynx Laryngitis inflammationoflarynx Bronchiectasis permanentdilation bronchi Pleuraleffusion excessfluidin pleuralcavity pusbwpleural car of Pyothorax Hemothorax bloodinpleural cavity pneumothorax accumulation ofair inpleuralcavitylungcollapse Eupnea normalbreathing Apneaabsenceofbreathing Brady pnea sidiiaiiojsieainiig jas.iremojiteathing tachypnea dyspnea shortnessdifficultyin breathing fluids Expectoration coughingupsalivabodily Hemophysiscoughingupblood of fromtissueHypoxia deficient02 Anoxia absence 02 ofskinduetolackofoz Cyanosis bluishdiscoloration exam Bronchoscopy laryngoscopy visual