Medical Terminology Lecture PDF

Medical Terminology Related to Diagnosis and Treatment Noha O. Mansour, PhD Lecturer of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy practice Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Mansoura University Body structures Anterior (Ventral) Toward the front of the body Posterior (Dorsal) To...

Medical Terminology Related to Diagnosis and Treatment Noha O. Mansour, PhD Lecturer of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy practice Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Mansoura University Body structures Anterior (Ventral) Toward the front of the body Posterior (Dorsal) Toward the back of the body Superior Above Inferior Below Body structures Proximal nearer to the point of attachment or from a given reference point Distal farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point Medial toward the midline of the body Lateral toward the side of the body Superficial close to the surface of the body Deep close to the center of the body Body structures  Acute Vs chronic Acute Sudden, severe; having a short course Chronic of long duration; progressing slowly  Benign Vs Malignant Not recurrent or malignant; favorable for recovery; Benign describing tumors that do not spread Growing worse; harmful; tending to cause death; Malignant describing tumors that spread (metastasize) Key terms related to diseases Necrosis Death of tissue A product of inflammation consisting of fluid and Pus white blood cells (root py/o) Roots related to diseases Roots related to diseases  Word Meaning Example Meaning death of bone Necrosis death of osteonecrosis tissue spasm of a sudden contraction, Spasm bronchospasm bronchus cramp (bronch/o) narrowing of an Stenosis narrowing, constriction arteriostenosis artery Key Terms Related to Diagnosis Medical diagnosis, the determination of the nature and cause of an illness. It begins with a patient history. This includes a history of the present illness with a description of symptoms, a past medical history, and a family and a social history. Key Terms Related to Diagnosis A physical examination, which includes a review of all systems and observation of any signs of illness, follows the history taking. Inspection. Palpation Percussion Auscultation A physical examination Inspection Visual Examination Palpation Touching the surface of the body with the hands or fingers. A physical examination Percussion Tapping the body and listening to the sounds produced. A physical examination Auscultation listening to body sounds with a stethoscope.  Vital Signs Measurements that reflect basic functions necessary to maintain life. 1. Temperature (T). 2. Pulse rate, measured in beats per minute (bpm). 3. Respiration rate (RR), measured in breaths per minute 4. Blood pressure (BP), measured in millimeters mercury (mm Hg) Key terms related to diseases Ophthalmoscope An instrument for examining the interior of the eye Otoscope Instrument used to examine the ears Key Terms Related to Diagnosis Sphygmomanometer The blood pressure apparatus Stethoscope An instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body Key Terms Related to Diagnosis Any evidence of disease; sometimes limited to subjective evidence of Symptom disease, as experienced by the individual, such as pain, dizziness, weakness Objective evidence of disease that can be observed or tested; examples Sign are fever, rash, high blood pressure, and blood or urine abnormalities; an objective symptom Syndrome group of signs and symptoms that together characterize a disease condition Sign Vs Symptom Key Terms Related to Diagnosis Diaphoresis Profuse sweating Malaise A feeling of discomfort or uneasiness Key Terms Related to Diagnosis Pallor Paleness; lack of color Acute abdominal pain associated with smooth Colic muscle spasms Key Terms Related to Diagnosis Remission A lessening of the symptoms of a disease; the period during which this decrease occurs or the period when no sign of a disease exists. Prognosis Prediction of the course and outcome of a disease Key Terms Related to Diagnosis Diagnosis The process of determining the cause and nature of an illness Prophylaxis Prevention of disease Key Terms Related to Diagnosis Biopsy Removal of a small amount of tissue for microscopic examination Anesthesia Loss of the ability to feel pain, as by administration of a drug