Medical Terminology and Anatomy Overview
72 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

  • Conduct electrical impulses
  • Support and connect organs
  • Provide a covering for all surfaces (correct)
  • Transport nutrients and waste

Which types of cells are responsible for breaking down old or damaged bone?

  • Synovial cells
  • Chondrocytes
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteoclasts (correct)

What role does nerve tissue play in the body?

  • It supports and connects organs.
  • It performs specific functions related to movement.
  • It produces blood cells.
  • It reacts to stimuli and conducts electrical impulses. (correct)

Which of the following correctly describes the skeletal system?

<p>It protects internal organs and provides a framework for the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of loose connective tissue?

<p>To surround organs and provide support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is mainly involved in the production of red blood cells?

<p>Red bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

<p>Providing sensory responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of endothelium?

<p>To act as a barrier in circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymph fluid?

<p>To remove waste products and pathogens from tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

<p>B cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lymph nodes primarily composed of?

<p>Specialized lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the thymus located in the body?

<p>Above the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymph node is located in the groin area?

<p>Inguinal lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural killer cells are primarily involved in which type of immune response?

<p>Innate immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the size of the thymus as a person ages?

<p>It decreases in size with age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do tonsils play in the immune system?

<p>They protect against pathogens entering through the nose and throat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by permanent dilation of the bronchi?

<p>Bronchiectasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the presence of blood in the pleural cavity?

<p>Hemothorax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a physiatrist?

<p>Treating paralysis and muscle disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for shortness or difficulty in breathing?

<p>Dyspnea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of quadriplegia?

<p>Paralysis of all four limbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves inflammation of the larynx?

<p>Laryngitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cardioplegia refer to?

<p>Paralysis of the heart muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of apnea?

<p>Absence of breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs?

<p>Left atrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily triggered by an allergic reaction leading to bronchial inflammation?

<p>Asthma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers?

<p>Electromyography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen?

<p>Cyanosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart is referred to as the innermost layer?

<p>Endocardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'tacypnea' refer to?

<p>Rapid breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major vessels that transport blood away from the heart are known as?

<p>Arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does blood enter after passing through the superior and inferior vena cavae?

<p>Right atrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by an abnormally slow resting heart rate?

<p>Bradycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an embolism?

<p>A blockage caused by a moving foreign object in a blood vessel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with a low number of white blood cells?

<p>Leukopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of anemia characterized by insufficient iron?

<p>Iron deficiency anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to high blood pressure?

<p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What abnormal condition results from a high number of red blood cells?

<p>Polycythemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the lymphatic system play in the body?

<p>Absorbs fat and fat-soluble vitamins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the transfer of blood from one person to another?

<p>Transfusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Sinoatrial node in the heart?

<p>It serves as the natural pacemaker of the heart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the contraction of the ventricles?

<p>QRS complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

<p>Arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal systolic blood pressure in a healthy adult?

<p>120 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood component is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients and waste?

<p>Plasma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Purkinje fibers located within the heart?

<p>In the interventricular septum and walls of ventricles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the diastolic phase of blood pressure?

<p>The ventricles are relaxing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels are responsible for connecting arterioles to larger veins?

<p>Venules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix 'algia' indicate in medical terminology?

<p>Pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix indicates a condition that is normal or well?

<p>eu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the surgical procedure involving the removal of fluids?

<p>centisis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an abnormal enlargement of an organ?

<p>megalya (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the same side involvement in a medical context?

<p>Ipsilateral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix 'plasty' refer to in medical terminology?

<p>Surgical repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a combining form vowel commonly used in medical terminology?

<p>e (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity surrounds and protects the lungs and heart?

<p>Pleural cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of peritonitis?

<p>Perforation of pancreas or stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the suffix 'rrhea'?

<p>Discharge or flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the condition of softening of tissue?

<p>malacia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the body is referred to as the junction of the trunk with the abdomen?

<p>Inguinal region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system includes the fine fibers that contain body organs sustaining homeostasis?

<p>Nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The combination of which two systems is responsible for reproductive and excretory functions?

<p>Reproductive and excretory systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to both the thoracic and abdominal cavities as one unit?

<p>Ventral cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is primarily associated with the major digestive functions within the body?

<p>Small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to an abnormally slow resting heart rate?

<p>Bradycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an accumulation of lymph fluid due to dysfunction in the lymphatic system?

<p>Lymphedema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of anemia is caused by defective hemoglobin structure, leading to misshaped red blood cells?

<p>Sickle cell anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a thrombus?

<p>It forms within a blood vessel. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes hypertension?

<p>High blood pressure at rest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is indicative of a reduced number of platelets in the blood?

<p>Thrombocytopenia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition involves a narrowing of arteries that can lead to restricted blood flow?

<p>Arteriostenosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the lymphatic system NOT play in maintaining body health?

<p>Producing red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A group of lung diseases that block airflow to the lungs.

Emphysema

A type of COPD where the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs are damaged.

Asthma

A condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

Infections of the structures above the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypoxia

Low levels of oxygen in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dyspnea

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pleuraleffusion

Excess fluid in the pleural cavity(the space between the lungs and chest wall).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genome

A complete set of genetic information in an organism's cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epithelial tissue

Covers body surfaces; lines organs and cavities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Connective tissue

Connects and supports other tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Loose connective tissue

Surrounds organs; cushions and supports them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nerve tissue

Sends electrical signals throughout the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteoblasts

Bone cells that build new bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that break down old or damaged bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Red Bone Marrow

Inside some bones, site of blood cell production.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Paraplegia

Paralysis of the lower half of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Quadriplegia

Paralysis of all four limbs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cardioplegia

Paralysis of the heart muscle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deep Tendon Reflexes

Tests used to check nerve function using a reflex hammer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electromyography

Diagnostic test for electrical activity in muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neurologist

Physician specializing in the causes of paralysis and muscle disorders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Myocardium

Thickest layer of the heart wall.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heart Chambers

The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

The heart's natural pacemaker, located in the right atrium.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A specialized group of cells that transmits the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bundle of His

A group of specialized conductive fibers that carry the electrical signal from the AV node to the ventricles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Purkinje fibers

Specialized conductive fibers within the walls of the ventricles that rapidly spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricle walls.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ECG (Electrocardiogram)

A record of the heart's electrical activity over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blood pressure (systolic/diastolic)

A measurement of the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels, with systolic pressure being the highest and diastolic pressure the lowest.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bradycardia

Abnormally slow resting heart rate

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tachycardia

Abnormally fast resting heart rate

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thrombus

Blood clot in the artery wall

Signup and view all the flashcards

Embolism

Blockage of a blood vessel by an object.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leucopenia

Low number of white blood cells (WBC)

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anemia

Low red blood cell (RBC) count or low hemoglobin

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphatic system function

Absorbs fats, removes waste, and supports the immune system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymph nodes

Small bean-shaped structures containing lymphocytes that filter lymph fluid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphocytes

Specialized cells in the lymphatic system, important for immunity (e.g., B cells, T cells, NK cells).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymph fluid

Fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system, carrying waste and pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tonsils

Lymphoid tissues in the throat that help protect against pathogens entering the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thymus

Lymphoid organ that is important for maturing T lymphocytes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spleen

Lymphoid organ located in the left upper abdomen, filtering blood and storing lymphocytes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Natural Killer cells

Lymphocytes that can kill infected or cancerous cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

B cells

Lymphocytes responsible for producing antibodies, a key part of the body's immune response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bilateral

Related to or having two sides.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contralateral

On the opposite side of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peritonitis cause

Perforation of the stomach or pancreas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Regions of Thorax/Abdomen

Areas of the chest and belly, have different organ systems inside.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Body Cavities

Spaces in the body that enclose and protect internal organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Homeostasis

Body maintaining stable internal environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Guinal Groin

Junction of the trunk and abdomen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Word Root

Basic part of a medical term, often indicating the body part or function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Combining Vowel

Vowel used to connect word roots and suffixes, often "o" or "i".

Signup and view all the flashcards

Suffix

Ending of a medical term, indicating a procedure, condition, or disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prefix

Beginning of a medical term, often indicating time, position or negation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Abnormal Condition

Medical term describing a condition not within the normal range.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Procedure Related Suffix

Suffixes specifying medical procedures (e.g., -graphy, -gram, -plasty).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contrasting Prefixes

Pairs of prefixes with opposite meanings (e.g., dys- and eu-).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medical Terminology

Specialized vocabulary used in medicine to describe body parts, processes and diseases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bradycardia

Abnormally slow resting heart rate

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tachycardia

Abnormally fast resting heart rate

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thrombus

Blood clot in the artery wall

Signup and view all the flashcards

Embolism

Blockage of a blood vessel by an object

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leucopenia

Low number of white blood cells (WBC)

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anemia

Low red blood cell (RBC) count or low hemoglobin

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphatic system function

Absorbs fats, removes waste, and supports the immune system

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Medical Terminology

  • Medical roots often describe body parts
  • Combining forms typically involve a root, vowel, and suffix
  • Suffixes indicate procedures, conditions, disorders, or diseases
  • Suffixes can modify the root word to an adjective or noun

Anatomical Reference System

  • Anatomical position is standing erect, palms forward, feet together
  • Body planes include sagittal, coronal, and transverse

Anatomy Directional Terms

  • Medial—closer to the midline
  • Lateral—farther from the midline
  • Proximal—near the point of attachment
  • Distal—farther from the point of attachment
  • Superior—above
  • Inferior—below
  • Anterior—front
  • Posterior—back

Body Cavities

  • Cranial cavity—encloses the brain
  • Thoracic cavity—contains the heart and lungs.
  • Abdominal cavity—houses digestive organs
  • Pelvic cavity—contains reproductive organs and portions of the digestive and urinary systems

Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen

  • Regions are divided in quadrants
  • Regions include epigastric, hypogastric, umbilical, and others
  • Peritoneum surrounds abdominal organs
  • Retroperitoneal structures are behind the peritoneum
  • Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum

Cell Structure

  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
  • Cell membrane surrounds the cell
  • Cytoplasm is the material within the cell membrane
  • Nucleus control cell activity
  • Stem cells are unspecialized cells that renew themselves
  • Genes are units of heredity

Tissues

  • Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces
  • Connective tissue supports and connects body parts
  • Muscle tissue enables movement
  • Nerve tissue transmits impulses

Bone Anatomy

  • Bones support, protect, and store minerals
  • Bones have a shaft (diaphysis) and enlarged ends (epiphyses)
  • Compact bone is dense and hard, spongy bone is less dense

Joints

  • Joints connect bones
  • Fibrous joints have little movement
  • Cartilaginous joints have slight movement
  • Synovial joints have significant movement

Skeletal System

  • Bones form the skeleton
  • Axial skeleton includes skull, spine, ribs, and sternum
  • Appendicular skeleton includes limbs and girdles

Arm and Hand

  • Bones of the arm include humerus, ulna ,and radius
  • Bones of the hand include carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Leg and Ankle

  • Bones in the leg include femur, tibia, and fibula
  • Bones in the ankle include talus and calcaneus

Muscle System

  • Muscles enable movement, posture, and generate heat
  • Muscles are connected to bones by tendons
  • Muscle tissue includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Muscle Motion

  • Muscles move limbs
  • Muscles provide force through movement

Muscle Names

  • Muscles are named by their location, fiber direction, and size or shape

Muscle Functions

  • Different muscles provide varied movement action
  • Muscle pairs work together to produce coordinated movements

Respiratory System

  • Structures include nose, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), lungs
  • Lungs are paired organs
  • The lungs contain alveoli, where gas exchange occurs

Lymphatic System

  • Lymph nodes filter lymph
  • The lymphatic system helps remove waste

Cardiovascular System

  • The heart pumps blood through the vascular system
  • The vascular system consists of arteries, capillaries, and veins

Spinal Cord Injuries

  • Injuries can lead to paralysis

Medical Specialties

  • Physiatrists treat physical injuries, and treat muscular disorders.
  • Neurologists treat nervous/muscular system problems.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Medical Terminology PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in medical terminology, including roots, combining forms, and suffixes that describe body parts and medical conditions. It also explores directional terms, anatomical reference systems, body cavities, and regions of the thorax and abdomen, providing a comprehensive review for students in healthcare fields.

More Like This

Medical Terminology Chapter 3 Flashcards
35 questions

Medical Terminology Chapter 3 Flashcards

TalentedFantasy1640 avatar
TalentedFantasy1640
Med Term 2 Flashcards
43 questions

Med Term 2 Flashcards

ChivalrousSard7112 avatar
ChivalrousSard7112
Medical Terminology Quiz
21 questions

Medical Terminology Quiz

RadiantLaplace9461 avatar
RadiantLaplace9461
Medical Terms Flashcards: or/o - bilirubin/o
16 questions

Medical Terms Flashcards: or/o - bilirubin/o

TalentedFantasy1640 avatar
TalentedFantasy1640
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser