Media and Information Literacy PDF

💡MEDIA AND - Refers to how an individual can use the INFORMATION - different types of media...

💡MEDIA AND - Refers to how an individual can use the INFORMATION - different types of media in communicating LITERACY information. 2. Information Literacy L1: INTRO TO MEDIA AND - Pertains to specific data INFORMATION LITERACY acquired for a specific purpose - Skill that allows a person ★ What is MIL? to recognize when - A K-12 Curriculum subject that information is needed aims to address the needs of and how he will be able 21st-century learners to access, locate, and - Develop students to be creative evaluate it. and critical thinkers, - How a person is able to responsiblmhow to read, write, look for relevant and understand and solve information from various problems. L media with the help of - The person is knowledgeable or technology well-versed about a specific 3. Technology Literacy subject. - Comes from the Greek Established MIL: word “techne,” which UNESCO means art or skill, and technologia, which 1. Media Literacy means systematic - Ability to access, treatment. This analyze, evaluate, and technology can be create media defined as “the - Ability to exercise critical systematic application of thinking when analyzing one’s art or skill for a different forms of media particular purpose - Focuses on skills like - Ability to acquire interpreting media relevant information and content, identifying bias, use modern-day tools to and propaganda, and get, manage, apply, understanding media’s evaluate, and create, role ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 1  and communicate ★ CREATORS OF MEDIA AND information. INFORMATION: 1. Writers and journalists - How an individual utilizes - Translate relevant and technology to communicate meaningful information and send information through into printed materials different media platforms - They make sure that the readers will obtain ★ 5 LAWS OF MEDIA AND important information INFORMATION LITERACY : about the story or article they are writing Law 1 Lead- the most important - Information or media are critical part of a news story to civic engagement and - Examples: Nick Joaquin, sustainable development and Paul Medina Jr., Rickely, equally relevant in all forms Kara David Law 2 2. Editors - Every citizen is a creator of - Ensure that the information or knowledge manuscript or articles submitted are high in Law 3 standard and are fit to - Information or media messages print. are not always neutral and truth - They make sure that the should be made materials are free from understandable factual or grammatical Law 4 errors - Every citizen has a right to - Video editors fall into this access and understand new category information or knowledge or - Ex. Maxwell Perkins messages Erratum- an error in Law 5 printing or writing - Media or information literacy is acquired as a process 3. Directors or Filmmakers ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 2  - Create movies, shows, or - Information disseminated programs by media practitioners - Sees to it that the should be objective and message of a show is based on grounded Made clear to the evidence audience Dgpi (Directors Guild of 3. Responsibility and Integrity the Philippines, - Show professionalism Incorporated) regardless of their - Ex. Erik Matti, Jason situation Magbanua, Lino Brocka, 4. Empathy and Sympathy Peter Jackson - They should be sensitive 4. Performers to the needs of others. - Actors who portray They should show their characters in movies, respect to the privacy of shows, and plays others, too. 5. Virtual Artists 5. Hardworking and Committed - Express their ideas - They should give their through their artworks, best effort in sourcing some artworks convey a information clear message while others have abstract Digital Divide symbols - Gap between those who - Photographers have access to - Ex. Juan Luna (Hymen, technology, the internet, oh Hymenee), Pablo and digital literacy Picasso, Banksy (Girl with training and those who Balloon). do not Digital Natives CHARACTERS OF A GOOD MEDIA - “Millennial Generation” PRACTITIONER: or Gen Y 1. Truthfulness - Grew up with the - They should convey a presence of digital message or information technology or in the that is accurate, factual, information age and truthful - Native speakers of digital 2. Fairness language - ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 3  Digital Immigrants ★ We need to learn how to - Older crew, they weren’t communicate appropriately for raised in a digital efficiency and effectivity environment - Recently interacting with technology and have to ★ 4C’s (skills required) learn about it. 1) Communication - sharing thoughts, ideas, questions, and solutions 2) Collaboration - working together to reach a goal 3) Critical Thinking - looking at L2: COMMUNICATION, THE problems in a new way BUILDING BLOCK OF MEDIA 4) Creativity -Trying new approaches to get things done ★ Communication equals innovation and invention - Communicaré: to share or to - divide out Communis: working together 💬TYPES of COMMUNICATION - “The act or process of using (based on purpose and style) words, sounds, signs or behaviors to express or 1) Interpersonal exchange information or to - Most common/ simplest express your ideas, thoughts, - 2 or more people interacting feelings, etc., to someone else.” thru the use of their voices and (Merriam) bodies - “One of those everyday - Ex: face-to-face conversations activities that is intertwined with all of human life so completely 2) Mediated interpersonal that we sometimes overlook its - Same with interpersonal pervasiveness, importance, and but ang only diff is sa complexity.”(Littlejohn and Foss help ng technology or 2008) some form of medium to ★ Why do we communicate ?: to get be able to convey ng a message across message - Ex: emails, phone calls, ★ Medium/ Media: someone that text messages etc. brings the message ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 4  3) Organizational - Design to examine became a - More formal tone more persuasive and better - Exchange of ideas and communicator messages between - Focuses on sender to the individuals or groups of receiver people that belong to a - Sender is the only active specific org. member - Ex: letters, memos, bulletin board postings, Main 3 elements gc announcements, -ETHOS-Credibility - conference calls etc. -PATHOS- Connection, Emotional - appeal 4) Mass media -Logos- Logic - mass = target audience - Create, produce, and 2. Laswell’s communication disseminate media text model(1948) to mass audiences - No immediate feedback kay source and receiver kasi ang main goal is mag share lang ng 3.The Shannon-Weaver model of media text communication(1948) - Ex: newspaper, radio, TV - the most popular model of and film communication - Ex: DZRH, ABSCBN, LOVE - Aims to discover what channel RADIO is most effective for comms - 1st to introduce the role of noise L3: COMMUNICATION MODELS - Simplifying the process of communication situation ★ Linear/ Transmission - One-way communication - Sender to receiver 1. Aristotle's model of communication - 3000 BC ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 5 4. Berlo’s S-M-C-R model of deciphering and communication(1960) understand the message - transfer of information between > Receiver: - should have similar 4 basic steps or key elements communication skills, > Sender: attitudes, and knowledge, - Communication skills: clear and be acquainted with comms for precise delivery the social system and - Attitudes: right attitude to culture in which they leave a lasting impression communicate. - Knowledge: clear understanding of info for clarity of delivery - Social systems: understand the social context to avoid offending anyone - Culture: understand cultural context to ensure message is interpreted clearly > Message: - Content: the script of the conversation. ★ Interactive Models: - Elements: gestures, body - refer to two-way language, facial communication with feedback expressions, etc. - not simultaneous, but rather - Treatment: The way the slow and indirect. source treats the message. - Elements: sender, message, - Structure: structure the receiver, feedback, field of message to ensure the experience(history, culture, receiver will understand it experiences) correctly. 1. Osgood-Schramm(1954): - Code: elements, verbal and nonverbal, need to be - Circular model of accurate communication > Channel: - Everlasting/Endless/Continuous - Senses such as seeing, - Has 4 main principles: hearing, touching, smelling, - Comms is circular and tasting can help in - Comms is reciprocal and equal ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 6  - Message requires ★ Transactional Models: interpretation - Most dynamic model - Has 3 steps: - Encoding of message - Decoding of message - Interpretation of message 2. Westley and Maclean(1957) - Senders and receivers = - Source of info can come from communicators multiple sources [events] - Cooperative process of - Used to explain mass comms communication - Has 5 main components: - Not only exchange of info but - Event/info (xn) also creates relations and - feedback (f) shape opinions - Advocate (A) - Has 6 components: - Audience (B) 1)Encoding - Channel (C) 2)Decoding 3)Communicators 4)Noise 5)Message - Channels ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 7  - Communication starts from one. small point and starts the helical cycle 3. Barlund’s Transactional Model: - Circular process and a multi-layered feedback system between the sender and the receiver - Has 5 components: - Encoding - Decoding L4: THE EVOLUTION OF - Communicators MEDIA - Message (cues, environment, noise) Charles Darwin- evolution by descent - Channel with Modification (1859) - Differentiates cues: ways/medium of communication - Public: Environmental before cues Smoke signals - Private: Personal Carrier pigeons thoughts and ★ PREHISTORIC/PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE backgrounds (Before 1700s) - People discovered fire Developed paper from plants Behavioral: person’s Forged weapons & tools with behavior (verbal & stone, bronze, copper, and iron nonverbal) PETROGLYPHS 4. Dance’s Helical Model of “petra”= stone communication: “glyphein”= to carve - every cycle of communication, Any image created on a rock we expand our circle surface by scouring, scratching, - communication never repeats engraving, chiseling, carving or itself any similar method. Note: painted or drawn images on rocks are not classified as petroglyphs ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 8 instead, they are defined as hieroglyphs were something pictographs sacred, so they referred to them Examples: Angono Binangonan as “holy writing.” petroglyphs, Heiro= Holy Glypho= writing CAVE PAINTINGS (38, 000 BC) In the ancient Egyptian Aka “parietal art” language, hieroglyphs were painted drawings on cave walls called medu netjer, 'the gods' or ceilings words' as it was believed that Way of communicating their writing was an invention of the day-to-day activities gods. PAPER After the Stone Age, ancient The word “paper” is derived civilizations began to emerge along from papyrus, an Ancient Greek with a particular form of speech. The for the Cyperus papyrus plant. development of language made believed to be material used for record-keeping among civilizations writing before paper making in Possible. China was discovered. Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC) This is where the ancient forms of Dibao in China (2nd Century) writing came into the picture. Woodblock Printing Press (220 The hieroglyphic script of the AD) ancient Egyptian civilization ★ INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700s-1930s) (3200 BCE) People used the power of The cuneiform of the Sumerian steam, developed machine (5000 BCE) tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various CUNEIFORM products (including books System of writing first developed through printing press) by ancient Sumerians of NEWSPAPER Mesopotamia (3500-3000 BCE) -La Independencia- first Filipino Considered the most significant newspaper among the many cultural contributions of Sumerians TELEGRAM (1830) EGYPTIAN HEIROGLYPHS A telegraph machine sent Herodotus and other important telegrams. Greeks believed that Egyptian ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 9  were a fast way to send And 1945—the first large-scale important news for people computer to run at electronic without telephones. speed without being slowed by A telegraph operator tapped any mechanical parts. the message out in code using EDVAC a machine called a Morse key. was one of the earliest The message traveled to electronic computers. another operator who Unlike its predecessor the decoded the long and short ENIAC, it was binary rather than taps into words and then decimal and was designed to passed the message on. be a stored-program computer. TELEPHONE (1876) ★ INFORMATION AGE (1980s-2000s) Invented by Alexander Graham The Internet paved the way for Bell faster communication and the Scottish-born American creation of social networks. inventor, scientist, and teacher People advanced the use of of the deaf microelectronics with the refinement of the phonograph invention of personal (1886). computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. ★ ELECTRONIC AGE (1930s-1980s) People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. January 1, 1983—the birth of In this age, long-distance the Internet communication has become -Social media Platforms more efficient. -smartphones Television (1941) -wearable technologies Large Electronic Computers In 1942, physicist John Mauchly proposed an all-electronic calculating machine. The result was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), built between 1943 ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 10 ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 11 ･✧ * XII-EXCELLENCE *✧･ 12