Panitikang Pilipino sa Panahon ng Digmaan at Pagkatapos

LITERATURE DURING THE JAPANESE AND POST-WAR PERIODS HOW THE EVOLUTION UNFOLDED? Rejecting the English language espoused by Americans, the Japanese colonisers sought to redefine Philippine literature by strengthening the vernacular languages. Excellent practitioners of short fiction in the vernacul...

LITERATURE DURING THE JAPANESE AND POST-WAR PERIODS HOW THE EVOLUTION UNFOLDED? Rejecting the English language espoused by Americans, the Japanese colonisers sought to redefine Philippine literature by strengthening the vernacular languages. Excellent practitioners of short fiction in the vernacular: 1. Clemente Alejandra (Bicolano) 2. Benjamin Pascual (Ilocano) 3. Nicolasa Ponte-Perfecto (Bicolano) 4. Liwayway Arceo (Tagalog) 5. Lorenzo Dilag Fajardo (Ilonggo) 6. Macario Pineda (Tagalog) 7. Rosario Tuason-Baluyut (Pampango) 8. Abe S. Gonzales (Ilonggo) 9. Genoveva Edroza-Matute (Tagalog) An example of the stories written in this period is: “Bughaw Pa sa Likod ng Ulap” By Genoveva Edroza-Matute The protagonist, a young boy, has dreams of finishing his education. But he does not know that his father, his rock and fortress, has been slain by the Japanese colonizers. Post-War Period Two Gripping and Standard-Setting Novels 1. America is in the Heart (1946) By Carlos Bulosan 2. Without Seeing the Dawn (1947) By Stevan Javellana Vernacular novels that reflected social and political realities abounded in post-war period: “Timawa” By Agustin Fabian (1953) “Maganda Pa and Daigdig” By Lazaro Francisco (1955) “Pagkamulat ni Magdalena” By Alejandro Abadilla (1958) Mga Ibong Mandaragit” By Amado V. Hernandez (1960) “Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag” Edgardo Reyes (1967) Clip from Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag Buod ng “Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag” Si Julio, isang mahirap na mangingisda. Isang araw umalis si Ligaya ang kanyang kasintahan na kasama ang isang babaeng may pangalang Ginang Cruz na pinangakuang makakapag-aral at makapaghanapbuhay sa Maynila si Ligaya. Kaya't sinundan ni Julio sa Maynila ang kanyang nobyang si Ligaya. Noong nasa Maynila na, naging biktima si Julio ng mga mapanlamang na mga tao sa lungsod. Nakaranas si Julio ng mga pang-aabuso habang nagtatrabaho sa isang lugar ng konstruksiyon at pagbebenta ng sariling katawan para lang kumita ng malaking pera. Unti-unting nawawalan ng pag-asa si Julio na matagpuan pa si Ligaya. Ngunit nagbago ang lahat ng muli niyang makita si Ligaya at malaman mula sa kasintahan na naging biktima ito ng prostitusyon at pinagmamalupitan ng intyek na kinakasama. Nagbalak na tumakas ang dalawa ngunit gaya ng sabi ni Ligaya kaya siyang patayin ng kinakasama pag ito ay nahuling tumatakas. Dumaan ang gabi at sa pag gising ni Julio ay patay na si Ligaya. Ipinaghiganti ni Julio si Ligaya at pinaslang ang kinakasama nitong intyek subalit maraming nakasaksi at pinagmalupitan si Julio hanggang sa ito ay mawalan din ng hininga. LITERATURE IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY THE DRAMATIC POLITICAL SCENE OF OUR COUNTRY IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY SHAPED THE LITERATURE AT THIS TIME. PHILIPPINE WRITERS REACTED TO OPPRESSION, CENSORSHIP, AND CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT. AMADO V. HERNANDEZ - “BAYANG MALAYA” (1970) This narrative poem recalls the Japanese occupation through the eyes of proletariat (lower class workers) characters like Tanggol, Tala, and Lantay. RUBEN CUEVAS - “PROMETHEUS UNBOUND” An anti-Marcos poem that inexplicably found its way in a magazine supporting the dictatorship. Shapes of Silence (1972) by Emmanuel S. Torres - about socio- political issues; published the year that martial law was declared. OTHER WORKS BY THE YEAR 1979: “Doktrinang Anakpawis” by Virgilio Almario “Ang mga Kagila-gilalas na Pakikipagsapalaran” by Jose F. Lakaba PUBLICATIONS HAVE BEEN SHUT DOWN: “Philippine Free Press” “Philippine Graphic” Even so, our writers came up with an underground literature movement “in the form of pamphlets and anthologies” that continued to express the voice of dissatisfaction. Examples of underground efforts included: “Kamao, Panitikan ng Protesta” (1970-1986) “Versus” (1986) “STR” (1989) POETS WHO RAISED THEIR VOICE IN PROTEST THROUGH THEIR WORKS INCLUDED: Bienvenido Lamberto Lumbera Antonio Jose Lacaba Edgardo Maranan Emmanuel Lacaba Kris Montanez Mila Aguilar Tomas F. Agulto Teo Antonio Jesus Santiago BIG NAMES IN CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE POETRY J. Neil Garcia Jim Agustin Danton Remoto Ma. Luisa Aguilar- Marne Kilates Carino Juaniyo Arcellana Lina Sagaral Reyes Grace Monte de Herminio Beltran Ramos Jr. Melinda Bobis Fanny Llego Cesar Ruiz Aquino Cesare Syjuco BRILLIANT FICTIONISTS IN THE VERNACULAR Gremer Chan Ricardo Reyes Oebanda Alicia Tan- Mig Alvarez Gonzales Enriquez Lina Espina- Godofredo Moore Roperos Wilfredo Dionisio Gabriel Nolledo TALENTED ESSAY WRITERS INCLUDED: Sylvia Mayuga Maximo Juan Soliven Gatbonton Amando Dayrit Napoleon G. Alfredo Rama Navarro Nestor Mata Salanga THE PALANCA AWARDS HAVE CONTINUED TO BRING THE BEST OF OUR COUNTRY’S FINEST WRITERS. Soledad Reyes Isagani Cruz Edel Gemino Abad Garcellano Doreen Priscelina P. Fernandez Legasto Ma. Luisa Edna Z. Torres Reyes Manlapaz Plot description In 1972, months prior to the Martial Law declaration, Larry Esteva arrived in Manila, Philippines after studying in Boston, Massachusetts. At the Manila International Airport he witnessed a demonstration being dispersed by the Philippine military. Uranza portrayed the "last desperate efforts" of Filipinos – through characters that include a senator, a youthful nationalist, a dispossessed farmer, a drastic protester, a convent school girl, and a Jesuit academic – to prevent the fall of the Philippines under martial rule. But the political plague accompanied by demonstrations, demolitions, murders, burnings, arrests and tortures continued unhindered until Martial Law was officially declared in the month of September. Planet Waves by Eric Gamalinda Recipient of National Book Award for fiction from the Manila Critics Circle in 1989. SELECTION IN FOCUS Read the essay, “Puto-Bumbong, Bibingka, Salabat, atbp” by Doreen Fernandez. As you read the text, appreciate how the author vividly illustrates the varied experiences with food that Filipino enjoy during traditionally vibrant time of the year. ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTION What particular season does the essay focus on? Have you tried any of the seasonal foods mentioned in the essay? If so, which ones? Describe the author’s style of writing. What techniques make her portrayal of food effective? ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTION Comment on the essay’s historical dimension. What information does the essay give about our country’s past colonizers? Name other occasions in our country that also feature a seasonal set of food. Why do you think Filipinos favour specific food for special occasion?