Questions and Answers
Which of the following poets was involved in protest poetry during the period from 1970 to 1986?
What was the significance of the underground efforts such as 'Kamao, Panitikan ng Protesta' and 'Versus'?
Which of the following writers is NOT associated with contemporary Philippine poetry?
Which of these authors contributed to the field of vernacular fictionists?
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Who are the authors associated with the Palanca Awards?
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Which author wrote the poem 'Bayang Malaya' that reflects the experiences during the Japanese occupation?
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What major theme is explored in Emmanuel S. Torres’ 'Shapes of Silence' published during martial law?
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Which of the following works represents an anti-Marcos sentiment during the late 20th century?
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What impact did the political climate have on publications during the late 20th century in the Philippines?
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What form of literature emerged as a response to political oppression during the late 20th century?
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Study Notes
Underground Literary Movements
- "Kamao, Panitikan ng Protesta" (1970-1986) was a notable underground publication addressing social issues.
- "Versus" (1986) and "STR" (1989) are additional significant literary contributions from the underground scene.
Poets of Protest
- Bienvenido Lumbera and Jose Lacaba are recognized for their significant contributions to protest poetry.
- Notable poets include Lamberto Antonio, Edgardo Maranan, Emmanuel Lacaba, Kris Montanez, Mila Aguilar, Tomas F. Agulto, Teo Antonio, and Jesus Santiago.
Contemporary Philippine Poetry
- Key figures include J. Neil Garcia, Jim Agustin, Danton Remoto, Ma. Luisa Aguilar-Carino, Marne Kilates, Juaniyo Arcellana, Lina Sagaral Reyes, Grace Monte de Ramos, Herminio Beltran Jr., Melinda Bobis, Fanny Llego, Cesar Ruiz Aquino, and Cesare Syjuco.
Fictionists in the Vernacular
- Noteworthy authors in vernacular fiction include Gremer Chan, Ricardo Reyes, Mig Alvarez, Alicia Tan-Gonzales, Lina Espina-Moore, Godofredo Roperos, Wilfredo Dionisio, and Gabriel Nolledo.
Essay Writers
- Among talented essayists are Sylvia Mayuga, Maximo Juan, Gatbonton, Amando Dayrit, Napoleon G. Rama, Nestor Mata, and Salanga.
Palanca Awards
- The Palanca Awards celebrate the best of Philippine literature, highlighting writers like Soledad Reyes, Isagani Cruz, Edel Garcellano, Doreen, Priscelina P. Fernandez-Legasto, Ma. Luisa, and Edna Z. Torres Manlapaz.
Literature during Political Turmoil
- The late 20th century was marked by political oppression and censorship, significantly influencing literary expression in the Philippines.
- Amado V. Hernandez's "Bayang Malaya" (1970) reflects the struggles of the proletariat during the Japanese occupation.
- Ruben Cuevas's "Prometheus Unbound" is an anti-Marcos poem that circulated despite restrictions.
Key Works from 1979
- "Doktrinang Anakpawis" by Virgilio Almario and "Ang mga Kagila-gilalas na Pakikipagsapalaran" by Jose F. Lacaba are significant literary contributions of that year.
Shutdown of Publications
- Notable publications like "Philippine Free Press" and "Philippine Graphic" were shut down, but underground literature persisted through pamphlets and anthologies.
Japanese and Post-War Literature
- Japanese colonizers encouraged the use of vernacular languages, leading to a rich body of work from local authors.
- Prominent writers included Clemente Alejandra, Benjamin Pascual, and Liwayway Arceo among others.
Significant Stories and Novels
- Genoveva Edroza-Matute's story "Bughaw Pa sa Likod ng Ulap" portrays a boy unaware of his father's death at the hands of colonizers.
- Post-war influential novels include "America is in the Heart" by Carlos Bulosan and "Without Seeing the Dawn" by Stevan Javellana.
Notable Vernacular Novels
- Works reflecting social realities include "Timawa" (1953) by Agustin Fabian, "Maganda Pa ang Daigdig" (1955) by Lazaro Francisco, and "Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag" (1967) by Edgardo Reyes.
Summary of "Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag"
- Julio, a poor fisherman, follows Ligaya to Manila, only to face exploitation. The narrative showcases Julio's struggles and experiences of abuse while trying to survive in the city.
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Description
Test your knowledge on contemporary Philippine poets and their protest works from 1970 to 1989. This quiz covers significant figures like Bienvenido Lumbera and Jose Lacaba, as well as influential literary movements. Explore the impact of poetry during a time of social change.
