Philippine Nationalism and Revolution PDF

GEED 02: Readings in Philippine History Filipino Nationalism and Revolution Prepared by: Angelu Jane I. Galicia Instructor I  Filipino Nationalism and Revolution  Rise of The Filipino Philippine Consciousness Revolution  Rise of Filipino...

GEED 02: Readings in Philippine History Filipino Nationalism and Revolution Prepared by: Angelu Jane I. Galicia Instructor I  Filipino Nationalism and Revolution  Rise of The Filipino Philippine Consciousness Revolution  Rise of Filipino evaluate the struggles of Consciousness forebearers to assert civil and political rights, as well as the Lesson Objectives country’s sovereignty. define nationalism and identify factors that bring about the nationalist consciousness of Filipinos; understand the role played by Propagandists in raising the awareness and common struggles of Filipinos in the 19th century; and  1872 Awakening of the Filipino people. Rise of Liberalism Social Contract Theory It asserts that the government exists only by the consent of the people in order to protect basic rights and promote the common good of society. Rise of Liberalism Social Contract Theory Break of contract REVOLUTION  Social Contract Theory FRENCH REVOLUTION MOTHER OF ALL REVOLUTION  FRENCH REVOLUTION ABSOLUTE REPUBLIC MONARCHY GOVERNMENT A form of government in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body. What form of government the Philippines has? UNITARY PRESIDENTIAL CONSTITUTIONAL REPUBLIC  Rise of Liberalism Social Contract Theory Absolute Liberalism government Political instability  Rafael de Izquierdo Carlos Maria Dela Torre Absolute Liberalism government Political instability  1872 Awakening of the Filipino people. Cavite Mutiny Uprising Arsenal A place where weapons and military equipment are stored or made.  1872 Awakening of the Filipino people. Cavite Mutiny Uprising Sarhento La Madrid  1872 What caused theuprising ? The Spanish government removed the benefits of the Filipino workers at the arsenal.  1872 How is cavite mutiny related to gomburza? Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario (left), Mariano Gómes de los Ángeles (center), and José Apolonio Burgos y García (right)  1872 Secularization -refers to the process of transferring the management and control of Catholic parishes in the Philippines from regular priests (Spanish friars belonging to religious orders like the Augustinians, Franciscans, and Dominicans) to secular priests (diocesan priests who were often Filipinos).  1872 garrote 1872  1872 Why does the Cavite Mutiny matter to the history of the Philippines?  1872 Cavite Mutiny Philippine Revolution  1872 How does Rizal relate to the Philippine Revolution? Jose Rizal  1872 Jose Rizal is one of the most influential and revered figures in the Philippine Revolution.  1872 He dedicated his novel “El Filibusterismo” to the GOMBURZA.  1872 According to Rizal, if the execution of the GOMBURZA had not happened, he said he would have likely become a Catholic priest as well. 1872 What is the significance of Rizal in the1896 revolution?  1872 Without Rizal, there would be no 1896 revolution.  1872 From the books written by Rizal, many Filipinos would be inspired and emboldened to fight against the injustices of the Spaniards and eventually join the revolution. And from Rizal's writings, an Andres Bonifacio would rise.  Rise of The Filipino Philippine Consciousness Revolution  Think-pair-share Written Activity:"From Sparks to Flames: Understanding the Cavite Mutiny and Rizal’s Revolutionary Influence" Write a reflection (300-500 words) on: Topic 1: The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 – discuss the events, causes, and outcomes. Topic 2: The Execution of GOMBURZA – explore its impact on Filipino nationalism. Topic 3: Jose Rizal’s Writings and Advocacy – analyze how his writings inspired the revolution. Topic 4: Rizal and the 1896 Revolution – discuss Rizal’s role and contributions to the revolution.  Rise of The Filipino Philippine Consciousness Revolution The Philippine Revolution Lesson make a historical profile of the Katipunan and Objectives: description of its strengths and weaknesses as a revolutionary organization; draw generalizations about the importance of freedom for the social movements of the 19th century up to the present; The Philippine Revolution Lesson understand the lessons of the Katipunan and of Objectives: the 1896 Revolution and its implications to the present generation; and integrate the deeds of Filipino revolutionaries with the perspective on current social issues in the community.  The Philippine Revolution PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT KKK -peaceful crusade -bloody crusade  PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT -peaceful crusade first editor Graciano Lopez Jaena greatest founder of second contributor “Diaryong LA SOLIDARIDAD Tagalog” editor Jose Rizal Marcelo H. Del Pilar  PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT -peaceful crusade Diego Laura Graciano Lopez Jaena Dimasalang - untouchable Laong Laan – ever ready Plaridel LA SOLIDARIDAD Jose Rizal Marcelo H. Del Pilar  PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT The Great Reformists Not all the sons of wealthy Filipinos who went to Spain in the second half of the nineteenth century were in the propaganda movement. Some of them were there to study in the hope that they would someday become successful professionals and businessmen in their own country.  PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT The Great Reformists Only a few of them were connected with the movement. They were serious-minded young men whose faith in their country was boundless, whose idealism in a corrupt age made them think of the welfare of their country first and their personal welfare last. To this group of young Filipinos belonged Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, José Rizal, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, and a few others whose role in the reform movement was more or less passive.  PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT -peaceful crusade 2 TRUTHS 1 LIE Objectives oEquality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws. oIndependence of the Philippines from Spain. LIE oRestoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.  PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT -peaceful crusade Objectives oEquality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws. oAssimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain. oRestoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes. Graciano Lopez Jaena THE GREAT ORATOR was born in Jaro, Iloilo, on December 17, 1856, the son of Plácido López and María Jacobo Jaena. He studied at the Seminary of Jaro, but it seemed that his study of religion and the atmosphere of the seminary did not in the least affect his inborn qualities as a rebel. Lively and highly intelligent, he took to writing early in life, producing a tale entitled Fray Botod. Graciano Lopez Jaena THE GREAT ORATOR This work, which deals with the ignorance, abuses, and immorality of a certain friar named Botod, circulated in manuscript form. He delineated the average friar of the period - fat (botod is the Hiligaynon word for a big-bellied man, the equivalent of the Tagalog slang botyok), ignorant, abusive, and immoral. Graciano Lopez Jaena THE GREAT ORATOR On one occasion, a friar, Fr. Ramon Martinez Vigil, who had been to the Philippines and had written an article on the ancient Tagalog script, was praising the friars for their "benevolent" role in the Philippines when all of a sudden Lopez Jaena stood up and delivered a defense of the Filipinos. At the same time, he denounced vigorously the role of the friars in introducing and maintaining obscurantism in the Philippines and in obstructing the progress of the people. Somewhat, López Jaena woke up the next morning to find himself famous. Graciano Lopez Jaena THE GREAT ORATOR “He was fiery, and no one would suspect that such a man of small stature and slovenly habits could sway the masses of men to his side by the power of the spoken word”. “Anyone reading any of his speeches or articles would easily feel the impact of his hidden personality. For he had the power and the genius of a born orator”. “His eccentricities, while shameful, were easily forgiven and forgotten, for when he spoke, he shone with a halo of saintliness”. Graciano Lopez Jaena THE GREAT ORATOR This was proved once more when, invited to lecture at the Ateneo de Barcelona, he conjured up imaginary facts in such a manner as to convince his hearers of the truth of what he was saying. "If what I have said was not true, no one among those present could belie me either, because on that subject they are as ignorant as I am." Graciano Lopez Jaena THE GREAT ORATOR Tuberculosis stepped in, and on January 20, 1896, in Barcelona, the great Filipino passed on at the age of 40 as a living memory.  PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT -peaceful crusade Graciano Lopez Jaena LA SOLIDARIDAD Jose Rizal Marcelo H. Del Pilar  Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST The political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain, was born in the barrio of Kupang, Bulakan, Bulakan, on August Patron saint of 30, 1850, the son of Julian H. del Pilar and Blasa present-day writers. Gatmaitan. His father was a poet of sorts and from him Marcelo inherited his love for the arts. Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST Marcelo began his career as his country's evangelist in 1880 when he took to the field to campaign against the forces that stifled freedom and progress in the Philippines. freedom of speech, gospel of work, self-respect, and dignity. He was a master of Tagalog and in this language, he tried to arouse the consciousness of the masses to the necessity of acting as a unified people. Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST In 1882, he founded the nationalistic newspaper Diariong Tagalog. He wrote of patriotism and the sad state of the country. Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST Del Pilar wrote the withering satire, Dasalan at Toksohan, a brilliant parody of the Prayer Book. Thus in "Amain Namin," a parody of "Our Father," del Pilar said: Our uncle who art in the convent, cursed be the name, may we be delivered from thy greed, may thy throat be slit here on earth as it is in heaven. Give back this day our daily rice thou hast stolen from us and draw our laughter by thy lowering as thou laughest when thou stealest our money; and deliver us from thine temptation and save us from thine foul mouth. Amen.  Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST Del Pilar also parodied the Ten Commandments to ridicule the friars, the most potent single group in the Philippines. He called this particular work the "Ten Commandments of the Friars“, namely: 1) Thou shalt worship and love the friars above all. 6) Thou shalt not covet his wife. 2) Thou shalt not cheat them of their stipends. 7) Thou shalt not steal with him. 3) Thou shalt sanctify the friar, Sundays or holidays. 8) Thou shalt not accuse him even if thou be called a liar. 4) Thou shalt pawn thyself to pay for the burial of thy father and mother. 9) Thou shalt not refuse him your wife. 5) Thou shouldst not die if thou hast not the money 10) Thou shalt not deny him your property. to pay for thine interment. The Ten Commandments of the Friars boil down to two things: first, worship the friar above all, and second, offer him thy honor and wealth.  Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST In December 1889, he took over the editorship of the Sol and became the moving spirit behind the reform movement. Under del Pilar, the aims of the Sol were expanded to include: (1) the removal of the friars and the secularization of the parishes; (2) active participation in the affairs of the government; (3) freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly; (4) a wider social and political freedom; (5) equality before the law; (6) assimilation; and (7) representation in the Spanish Cortés, since the Pilipinos had never been truly represented in that body. Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST Spain, however, had her own internal problems to look after and, therefore, could not listen attentively to the anguished cry of the Filipino reformers. Del Pilar became disillusioned and, on the eve of his death, switched his vigorous mind from assimilation to revolution. He said: "Insurrection is the last remedy, especially when the people have acquired the belief that peaceful means to secure the remedies for evils prove futile." Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST Friendless and hungry, the great reformist and political analyst died on July 4, 1896, at the age of 45.  Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST Upon his death, even his Spanish political adversaries paid him a homage. Said the Spanish newspaper La Política de España en Filipinas, the organ of the friars: Marcelo del Pilar was the greatest journalist produced by the purely Filipino race. We did not consider him as an artful filibuster; at times we saw in him the calculating conspirator, the journalist gone astray, who had no real hatred for the sovereign country, though he showed he had it for the state of affairs prevailing in the Philippines.  Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST Upon his death, even his Spanish political adversaries paid him a homage. Said the Spanish newspaper La Política de España en Filipinas, the organ of the friars: But whatever the truth may be, we must not lose sight of the fact that it was Marcelo... the Tagalog who, as publicist, inspired us with the greatest esteem when serenely, and apparently with the greatest sincerity, he gave his views on very arduous political problems.  Marcelo H. Del Pilar GREATEST JOURNALIST Upon his death, even his Spanish political adversaries paid him a homage. Said the Spanish newspaper La Política de España en Filipinas, the organ of the friars: More correct in form than any other, skillful in debate, tenacious in maintaining his conclusions, the personality of Marcelo del Pilar as a propagandist is doubtless the greatest produced by the Tagalog race. While he had not the culture and intensity of purpose of his countryman, Rizal, he had, however, the advantage of knowing how to instill his thoughts in a subtle manner into the minds of his followers.  PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT -peaceful crusade Graciano Lopez Jaena LA SOLIDARIDAD Jose Rizal Marcelo H. Del Pilar Jose Rizal THE MOST CULTURED "Most cultured" refers to someone who is highly refined, educated, and knowledgeable, particularly in the arts, literature, and social graces. It suggests a person who possesses excellent taste, manners, and intellectual sophistication. Jose Rizal THE MOST CULTURED José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born in Kalamba, Laguna, on June 19, 1861, the son of Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo. He enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal, operated by the Jesuits and there he learned not only poetry, mathematics, and rhetoric, but also painting and sculpture.  Jose Rizal THE MOST CULTURED Even as a boy, he had already learned from observation and experienced the difficulties that attended the daily life of the people. 1) Execution of GomBurZa. 2) His mother became a victim of gross injustice and was imprisoned. 3) His allegorical play, El Consejo de los Dioses, was adjudged the best entry in a contest, but he was not awarded first prize simply because he was a Filipino. These sad events deeply affected Rizal, who was determined to work for the welfare of his country.  Jose Rizal THE MOST CULTURED He studied for a time at the University of Santo Tomás, but in 1882, at the age of twenty-one, he left for Spain. He studied medicine, traveled around the world, and mastered several languages. Works of Rizal 1) Noli Me Tängere and El Filibusterismo 2) The Indolence of the Filipino (La Indolencia de los Filipinos) 3) Letter to the Women of Malolos "The Filipino woman no longer bows her head and bends her knees; her hope in the future is revived; gone is the mother who helps to keep her daughter in darkness.“ Excerpts from Rizal's Letter to the Women of Malolos  Jose Rizal THE MOST CULTURED He studied for a time at the University of Santo Tomás, but in 1882, at the age of twenty-one, he left for Spain. He studied medicine, traveled around the world, and mastered several languages. Works of Rizal 1) Noli Me Tängere and El Filibusterismo 2) The Indolence of the Filipino (La Indolencia de los Filipinos) 3) Letter to the Women of Malolos "Let us be reasonable and open our eyes, especially you women, because you are the first to influence the consciousness of man.“ Excerpts from Rizal's Letter to the Women of Malolos  Jose Rizal THE MOST CULTURED He studied for a time at the University of Santo Tomás, but in 1882, at the age of twenty-one, he left for Spain. He studied medicine, traveled around the world, and mastered several languages. Works of Rizal 1) Noli Me Tängere and El Filibusterismo 2) The Indolence of the Filipino (La Indolencia de los Filipinos) 3) Letter to the Women of Malolos 4) Brindis (Speech) 5) The Philippines a Century Hence  PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT -peaceful crusade Graciano Lopez Jaena LA SOLIDARIDAD Jose Rizal Marcelo H. Del Pilar  The Philippine Revolution PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT KKK -peaceful crusade -bloody crusade The Philippine Revolution KKK -bloody crusade La Liga Filipina (July 03, 1892) a secret society founded by José Rizal. The Philippine Revolution Rizal was arrested and jailed in Fort Santiago On July 6, 1892, Wednesday.  KKK (July 07, 1892) Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish colonialist Filipinos in Manila in 1892; its primary goal was to gain independence from Spain through a revolution.  KKK (July 07, 1892) Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan Founders of Katipunan Ladislao Diwa Teodoro Plata Andrés Bonifacio  KKK (July 07, 1892) Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan Founders of Katipunan Deodato Arellano Valentin Diaz Jose Dizon  KKK (July 07, 1892) Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan Triangulo – method of recruitment 1 A B C  KKK (July 07, 1892) Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan Triangulo – method of recruitment 2 Question & answer 3 Blood compact  Important figures in KKK First President He was elected as secretary during La Liga Filipina. Deodato Arellano  Important figures in KKK Supremo “Father of Revolution” “Father of KKK” Andrés Bonifacio  Important figures in KKK Brains of the Katipunan/ Utak ng Katipunan He was the author of “Kartilya” (Code of Ethics). Emilio Jacinto  Important figures in KKK “The Mother of the Katipunan” “The Mother of the Philippine Revolution” She supported the Katipuneros at the Melchora Aquino risk of her own life. “Tandang Sora”  Important figures in KKK Founder and vice president of the Katipunan’s Women chapter. She also served as the custodian of the Katipunan as almost all belongings of the Gregoria de Jesus Katipunan—seal, revolver, documents— “Ka Oriang” were under her care.  Important figures in KKK Visayan Joan of Arc She was a Filipino school teacher and military leader. The only woman to have ever led troops Teresa Magbanua in the Visayan region during the revolution. Kalayaan - the official newspaper of the Katipunan. Levels of Membership Bayani Rizal Kawal GomBurZa Katipon Anak ng bayan  August 19, 1896 The turning point of Philippine History. Spark of Revolution Discovery of Katipunan  August 19, 1896 Discovery of Katipunan Teodoro Patiño Honoria Patiñ0  August 19, 1896 Discovery of Katipunan Teodoro Patiño Honoria Patiñ0  August 19, 1896 Discovery of Katipunan Father Mariano Gil  August 19, 1896 Discovery of Katipunan Governor-General Ramon Blanco He declared martial law to 8 provinces of the Philippines.  August 19, 1896 Discovery of Katipunan 8 provinces May BuNe Ca PaLa Batang Tarlac Maynila Pampanga Bulacan Laguna Nueva Ecija Batangas Cavite Tarlac May BuNe Ca PaLa Batang Tarlac  August 19, 1896 Discovery of Katipunan Maynila Bulacan Nueva Ecija Cavite Pampanga Laguna Batangas Tarlac  July 17, 1892, Rizal was shipped off to Dapitan—a sleepy town at the northernmost tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula. Jose Rizal Jose Rizal Dr. Pio Valenzuela  August 23, 1896 Cry of Pugadlawin/Balintawak His letter to Blumentritt expressed the following- “When you receive this letter, I shall be dead. Tomorrow at 7 o clock I shall be shot, but I am innocent of inciting the rebellion. I die with a tranquil conscience. Farewell, my dearest friend, and think no evil of me”. (Quirino, 1997, p. 326)  December 30, 1896 execution of Jose Rizal (signed by Camilo de Polavieja) in Bagumbayan old name for Rizal Park or Luneta Park. "Consummatum Est” “It is done” March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Magdiwang Magdalo Andres Bonifacio Baldomero Aguinaldo  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Presidency VS Andres Emilio Bonifacio Aguinaldo  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention President VS Andres Emilio Bonifacio Aguinaldo  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Vice President VS Andres Gen. Mariano Bonifacio Trias  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Vice President VS Andres Gen. Mariano Bonifacio Trias  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Captain-General VS VS Andres Santiago Gen. Artemio Bonifacio Alvarez Ricarte  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Captain-General VS VS Andres Santiago Gen. Artemio Bonifacio Alvarez Ricarte  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Secretary of Interior VS VS Andres Severino de las Diego Mojica Bonifacio Alas  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Secretary of Interior VS VS Andres Severino de las Diego Mojica Bonifacio Alas  “Didn’t we, before the convention began, agreed that whatever the results may be or whoever gets elected by this Assembly would be recognized “Supremo Andres and respected by all?” Bonifacio is not fit for the position because he is not a lawyer…” Andres Bonifacio Daniel Tirona  “Then - why is it that when I got elected, someone is objecting?” Andres Bonifacio Daniel Tirona “I, as the President of the Supreme Revolutionary Council, nullifies and invalidates this election.” Andres Bonifacio Daniel Tirona  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Magdiwang Magdalo Andres Bonifacio Baldomero Aguinaldo  March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Magdiwang Magdalo Andres Bonifacio Baldomero Aguinaldo March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention March 22, 1897 Tejeros Convention Downfall of Katipunan  Rise of The Filipino Philippine Consciousness Revolution GEED 02: Readings in Philippine History Filipino Nationalism and Revolution Prepared by: Angelu Jane I. Galicia Instructor I