21st Century Philippines Literature PDF

21 Century ST Literature from the Philippines and the World 1. Go to sleep, my child your father is far. He cannot fetch us for the way is muddy and rugged. - lullaby 2. It is better to have a hut inhabited by a person than a mansion wherein an owl lives. - Proverbs 3....

21 Century ST Literature from the Philippines and the World 1. Go to sleep, my child your father is far. He cannot fetch us for the way is muddy and rugged. - lullaby 2. It is better to have a hut inhabited by a person than a mansion wherein an owl lives. - Proverbs 3. Let’s sing and feast for two hearts who are to be married the path they’ll pass Let’s strew the rice - wedding song Why do we have to study literature? What are the different values of learning literature in different period?  LITERATURE Literature is from the Latin word litera which means an acquaintance with letters Brittanica - defines literature as a body of writing belonging to a given language or people. Literature, a body of written works. The name has traditionally been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (Early times-1564) Before the Philippines was colonized, it was already brimming with a rich tradition of oral literature early Filipinos weaved together countless myths and legends to explain certain phenomena in life. Most of what have been transcribed now are taken from oral literature, which means that these stories have been passed on from one generation to another. Most of that which survived are epics and folklores. Literary forms during this period were: 1. Oral Literature a. Riddles b. Proverbs 2. Folk Tales a. Myth b. Legends c. Epic d. Fables 3. Folk Songs a. Lullabies b. Drinking Songs c. Love Songs d. Songs of Death e. Religious Songs These are typical examples of the precolonial literary works. It has many names and forms: bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo, patototdon in Bicol, and buburtia in Ilocano. Riddles relied on talinghaga or metaphor. It is a guessing game of objects represented by other objects Kay lapit-lapit na sa mata, Example: di mo pa rin makita. Buto’t balat, lumilipad saranggola EARS Skin and bone flying kite Proverbs are statement of a particular culture’s codes of behavior and beliefs and intended to teach values. They are known as kasabihan/salawikain in Tagalog, panultihon or pagya among the Cebuano, kasebian among the Pampango, and humbaton or hurobaton among the Ilonggo. In Panay it was called daragiton or daraida, and basahanan in Bukidnon. Here is an example: Bahay man ay palasyo It is better to have a hut Kung ang laman ay kuwago inhabited by a person Mabuti pa ang kubong than a mansion Wherein an owl Laman ay tao. lives. An empty container makes There is no need to cry over a lot of noise. spilt milk. Ang lalagyang walang Magsisi ka man at huli laman ay maingay. Wala nang mangyayari. Aside from short fiction and epics, our country’s pre-colonial literature also abounded in songs. There were love songs, courtship songs, serenades, lullabies, funerals and others. Lullabies were songs to put infants to sleep. As children grew, they continued to have songs tailored to their imagination and playtime. Other songs were intended for activities shared by the members of the community. Like a song for rowing, for pounding rice, for making pots and for hunting bees. There were even songs for drinking You are My Sunshine It’s A Small World Bahay Kubo Magtanim ay Di Biro Tales are stories of origin for certain places, their names and their creation. These are also known as myths and legends. Myths, legends, and fables are short forms of fiction. Myths serve to explain how the world was created. Legends explain the origin of things while fables are meant to teach lessons Maria Makiling Ang Alamat ng Dama Noche  Popular examples are Biag ni Lam-ang from the Ilocanos, the Ibaloy epic Kabunlan and Bendian, the Tagalog epic Kumintang, the Palawan epic Kudaman, the Panay-Bisaya epic Maragtas at Hinilawod, the Manobo epic Tuwaang Midsakop, the Negros Bisaya epic Hari sa Bukit, the Mindanao epic Darangen, the Muslim epic Bantugan , and the Ifugao epic Hudhud at Alim. At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: A. Identify various dimensions of Philippine literary history from precolonial to contemporary; B. Enumerate differences between and among periods of Philippine literature as presented by geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions; C. Show appreciation of the early and contemporary forms of Philippine literature.  Pre-colonial Ida-Ida- Maguidanao Ibanag- Tagalog Lullabies or ili-ili- Ilongo Ambahan- Mangyan Harana- Cebuano Kissa- Tausug Japanese and American Period Kahapon, ngayon, at bukas - Kapangpangan Ang Mga Tunuksan Isa Ca Bulacalac - Visaya Spanish and Period of Enlightenment Awit and Korido- Tagalog Lagaylay- Sorsogon THE MORO-MORO- Mindanao Pre-Spanish Literature is characterized by LEGENDS Legends are a form of prose and its common theme is about the origin of a thing, place, location or name. The events are imaginary, devoid of truth and unbelievable. Old Filipino customs are reflected in these legends. FOLK TALES Folk tales are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons about life. These are useful to us because they help us appreciate our environment, evaluate our personalities and improve our perspectives in life. An example of this is THE MOON AND THE SUN. THE EPIC AGE Epics are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length. Nobody can determine which epics are the oldest because in their translations from other languages, even in English and Spanish. FOLK SONGS Folk songs are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables. Examples of which are Kundiman, Kumintang o Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang Oyayi o Hele, Diana, Soliraning and Talindaw  Other forms of Pre-Spanish Poetry Epigrams (Salawikain) is the oldest form of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture.. Chant (Bulong) is used in witchcraft or enchantment. Maxims are common known as old saying or common expression “May tainga ang lupa, may pakpak ang balita. Spanish Period (1565-1898) SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many of its words to our language. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan ALIBATA THE FIRST BOOKS ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE). This was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography Nuestra Señora del Rosario It contains the biographies of saints, novenas, and questions and answers on religion Libro de los Cuatro Postrimerias de Hombre (in Spanish and Tagalog). This is the first book printed in typography. Ang Barlaan at Josaphat This is a Biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja The Pasion This is the book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ. It is read only during Lent. Urbana at Felisa.  Libro de los Cuatro DOCTRINA CRISTIANA Nuestra Señora del Rosario Postrimerias de Hombre FOLK SONGS Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines. Each region had its national song from the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. They truly manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for love of beauty. The examples are Leron-Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi and Atin Cu Pung Singsing. RECREATIONAL PLAYS There are many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in poetic form. Tibag – The word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by the Spaniard to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died. Lagaylay – This is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together. Lagaylay The Cenaculo – This is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ. Panunuluyan – This is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus The Salubong (or Panubong) - The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. It is still presented in many Philippine towns. Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.  Cenakulo Panunuluyan The Salubong Carillo (Shadow Play) Zarzuela – considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political problem. Sainete – this was a short musical comedy popular during the 18th century. They were exaggerated comedies shown between acts of long plays and were mostly performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday life scenarios. MORO-MORO Like the Cenaculo, the Moro-moro is presented also on a special stage. This is performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion. KARAGATAN This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person. Zarzuela https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nlk6 3gbpafQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEL8 ZaF5Wlc Sainete Moro-Moro https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=F79RBOJDJqc DUPLO The Duplo replaced the Karagatan. This is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are taken from the Bible and from proverbs and saying. It is usually played during wakes for the dead. BALAGTASAN. This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue. This is replaced the DUPLO and is held to honor Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar THE DUNG-AW This is a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead. No definite meter or rhyming scheme is used. AWIT and the CORRIDO Some use these two interchangeably because distinction is not clear Duplo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jt02CyelIDc&t=222s Balagtasan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJLG6YfJkEE