21st Century Literature.pdf

REVIEWER IN 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE: LITERATURE: A body of Written Works Originated from Oral Traditions (word of mouth) Imaginative works Deals with stories and poetry The content depends on author “For the literary wo...

REVIEWER IN 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE: LITERATURE: A body of Written Works Originated from Oral Traditions (word of mouth) Imaginative works Deals with stories and poetry The content depends on author “For the literary works to be effective: S.H.E. - Significant Human Experience” WRITING PAPER – Invented by “Cai Lun” from China. Three points of Literature: Literature portrays Human Experience Author interprets these Human Experience It is an art form and a style of expression (ex. Shape poems) PHILIPPINE LITERARY PERIODS: THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD: (Before Spanish occupation in 1500s) Before the Spanish occupation in the 1500s. Oral in nature and is full of lessons and ideas about life, its blessings, and its consequences. Ideas from birth to the grave In the Philippine context, no matter how it may be considered as altered, pre-colonial literature is still revered to by many Filipinos. The sources are usually the Local native town folk. THREE FORMS OF LITERATURE: 1. ORAL LITERATURE – Passed from person to person. Not written Word of mouth Easy to Understand Daily Life Experience TYPES: Riddles (Bugtong) – Superficial words - In the form of questions or statements - Has MUNDANE things as Answers - Form of Game before Proverbs (Salawikain) – From Parents or Elders - “Experience is the Best Teacher” - Statements that are considered as wise.  2. FOLK SONGS – Folk Lyrics that are usually Chanted. Ideas on aspiration, hopes, and everyday life Good morals Easy to understand TYPES: Lullabies – “Hele” Drinking Songs – Drinking sessions Love Songs – “Harana” Religious Songs – Thanksgiving and Good Harvest Songs of Death – Good deeds of the dead Ex: Ang Pipit, Dandansoy, Leron Leron Sinta, Sa kabukiran, and Magtanim ay ‘Di Biro 3. FOLK TALES (Mga Kwentong Bayan) – Power of Nature Personified From native Filipino About irresponsibility, lust, stupidity, and fallibility Usually about animals, pre and post apocalypse, life and death, supernatural beings, and gods and goddesses. TYPES: Myths – Natural strange occurrences and how things were created. Legends – Believed to be true and are Exaggerated. Fables – Animals as Characters Epics – Lengthy narratives that’re based on oral traditions. THE SPANISH PERIOD: (1521-1898) During the Spanish Period: Arrival of Ferdinand Magellan (March 16, 1521 in Homonhon) “Taga-Bayan”, “Taga-Bukid” / “Taga-Bundok” Christianity Baptism of King Humabon and Queen Juana The Battle of Mactan (April 27, 1521) Miguel Lopez de Legazpi Blood compact with Sikatuna in Bohol 1565 – concluded treaties of friendship Spread of Roman Catholicism REASONS OF COLONIZATION: (3 Gs) – God Gold Glory King Philip II New Government Centra; Government Royal Audiencia Province (Gobernadorcillo and Cabeza de Barangay) FORMS OF LITERATURE: 1. RELIGIOUS LITERATURE Doctrina Christiana – 1593 by Fray Juan de Plasencia - One of the earliest Printed books in the Philippines. - Catholicism Pasyon – Journey and suffering of Jesus Christ - Padre Gaspar Aquino de Belen - Manila, 1704 Senakulo – Dramatic presentation depicting the Passion of Jesus Christ. Komedya – Battle between Christians and Moros. - European society through love and fame - About a journey 2. SECULAR LITERATURE Awit – Narrative Poem - Tale of Chivalry - Prince and Princess - Four lines in stanza - Monorhyme scheme (aaaa/bbbb/cccc) - “Doce pares na Kaharian ng Francia” – by Jose dela Cruz Korido – from Spanish word “Occurido” - Metrical tale - Legends or stories from European Countries - Ex: “Ibong Adarna” - Jose dela Cruz Prose Narratives – Easy to understand Instructional Materials - Proper Decorum - “Ang Pagsusulatan ng dalawang binibini na si Urbana at Feliza” (1864) 3. PROPAGANDA LITERATURE Satires, Editorials, and News Articles PROPAGANDA TRINITY ▪ Graciano Lopez Jaena ▪ Marcelo H. Del Pilar ▪ Jose Rizal GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA - “Ang Fray Botod” - Exposed some Friars MARCELO H. DEL PILAR - Dalasan at Tocsohan - Filibustero  JOSE RIZAL - Noli Me Tangere - Exposed the evils in the Spanish-run Government 4. REVOLUTIONARY LITERATURE Andres Bonifacio (1863-1897) - “Katungkulan Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan” (Obligation of Our Countrymen) - “Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog” (What the Tagalogs should Know) Emilio Jacinto (1875-1899) - One of the Highest Ranking officers of Katipunan - “Liwanag at Dilim” (Light and Darkness) - Essays on work, faith, freedom, and government Apolinario Mabini (1864-1903) - The Brain of the Revolution - “El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica Filipina” (The rise and fall of the Philippine republic) THE AMERICAN PERIOD: (1898-1945) – Part I The Period of Re-Orientation: (1898-1910) The Battle of Manila (1898) 1900s - English as a subject - English as a Medium of Instruction - The University of the Philippines (1908) NOTABLE WORKS: Two Periodicals (El Recimienda and Philippines Free Press) ❖ POETRY Sursum Corda – by Justo Juliano My Mother and Air Castles – by Juan F. Salazar To My Lady in Laoag – by Proceso Sebastian ❖ DRAMA R.I.P Walang Sugat Severino Reyes Frictional Prose: Maring (1908) & Buhay (1909) Non-Frictional Prose: La Punta De Salto (The place of origin) – Macario Adriatico  The Period of Imitation: (1910-1925) UP College Folio (renamed as “the Philippine Collegian” and the literary composition (1919) The Philippine Herald and The Bulletin (1920) The Philippine Review, Rising Philippines and The Manila Tribune (1924) CHARACTERISTICS OF LITERARY WORKS: - Imitation of American Literature - Rigid and Unnatural styles - Lacked vitality and spontaneity NOTABLE WORKS/WRITERS: Fernando Maramag (UP College Folio) Carlos P. Romulo (Editorial Essays) Ignacio Manlapaz, Godofredo Rivera, and Francisco Icansiano (Informal essay, criticism, and journalistic column) “A Child of Sorrow” – by Zoilo Galang Dead Stars – by Paz Marquez Benitez - One of the most important Filipino works because this is the start when Filipino finds their original works. - Sign of the end of period of imitation The Period of Self-Discovery: (1925-1945) Mastery of English Writing Work about different subjects Original, spontaneous, and completely written poems Different forms of literature ❖ POETRY Jose Garcia Villa (Comma Poet) – He wants to appreciate the use of quotation marks Different forms of poem (Ex. Shape Poem) ❖ SHORT STORY 1930 – 1940 – GOLDEN ERA of Filipino Writing in English A mix of Spanish, American, and other Western Culture ❖ THE AMERICAN PERIOD: (1898-1945) – Part II HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Filipino revolutionist won against the Spaniards June 12, 1898 1903: The Filipino American War Filipino writers started to write again about NATIONALISM In 1910 - Filipino writers used the English language.  - Spanish, Filipino and English - Tagalog – lamentation & English – imitation 1920 - The UP College Folio to Philippine Collegian - Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez Literature in newspaper - El Nuevo Dia (The New Day, 1900) – Sergio Osmeña - El Grito Del Pueblo (The Call of the Nation) – Pascual Poblete - El Renaciemiento (The Rebirth) – Rafael Palma Plays - Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas by Aurelio Tolentino EDUCATION: Public Education (1901) Spread of the American culture English Language INFLUENCES OF THE AMERICANS: Schools New education system English Language Politics Freedom of speech THEMES OF LITERATURE: Desire for freedom Love of country Fight against colonialism and imperialism CHARACTERISTICS OF LITERATURE: Nationalism Freedom of speech Experience Search and use of a new medium THREE GROUPS OF WRITERS: 1. SPANISH WRITERS 2. ENGLISH WRITERS 3. FILIPINO WRITERS ❖ SPANISH WRITERS: Cecilio Apostol - Masterpiece: A Rizal - The Spanish Language - Republic Act No. 1881 Fernando Maria Guerrero - Masterpiece: Crisalidas - Prince of Filipino Poetry - Eternal sadness of things Claro M. Recto - Masterpiece: Bajo Los Cocoteros (1911) - Father of Philippine Constitution ❖ FILIPINO WRITERS: Lope K. Santos - Masterpiece: Banaag at Sikat - Father of the Filipino Grammar - “Apo” of the Filipino Grammar Amado V. Hernandez - Masterpiece: Isang Dipang Langit - Imprisoned for 5 Years - A Pillar in the Tagalog Literature Jose Corazon De Jesus - Masterpiece: Ang Isang Punong Kahoy - The First King of Balagtasan - Legendary Lyric Poet Prepared by: Paul qt Goodluck goyss!! We can do it!