Philippine Literary Movements - 21st Cent Lit Q1 Lesson 2 PDF

Lesson 2.0 PHILIPPINE LITERARY MOVEMENTS  Learning Competencies This lesson serves as a prerequisite lesson for the following DepEd competencies: Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from the pre-colonial to the contemporary (EN12Lit-5a-2...

Lesson 2.0 PHILIPPINE LITERARY MOVEMENTS  Learning Competencies This lesson serves as a prerequisite lesson for the following DepEd competencies: Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from the pre-colonial to the contemporary (EN12Lit-5a-21). Discuss how different contexts enhance the text’s meaning and enrich the reader’s understanding (EN12Lit-Ie-28).  Objectives At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to do the following: Identify and describe the major periods and movements in Philippine literary history, including key authors, works, and the socio-political contexts that influenced them; appreciate and value the diverse literary traditions of the Philippines by reflecting the cultural and historical significance of different literary movements in shaping Filipino identity; and craft a Frayer model that accurately represents the evolution of Philippine literature, incorporating major literary movements, significant works, and significant events.  Essential Question Why do we need to study Philippine Literature? In what ways have colonial and post- colonial influences shaped, challenged, or transformed Philippine literature? Can literature be a tool of resistance or empowerment? Lesson 2.0 THE PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY FROM PRE- COLONIAL TO THE CONTEMPORARY ERA ACTIVITY WAG KANA MAKULIT, BALIKAN MONA KASE… YUNG LESSON Lesson 2.0 WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY PHILIPPINE LITERATURE?  Learn about It PHILIPPINE LITERATURE is the body of works, both oral and written, that Filipinos whether native, naturalized, or foreign born have created. Lesson 2.0 THE PRE COLONIAL/PRE SPANISH PERIOD IN THE PHILIPPINES (900 AD – 1521)  Learn about It LITERATURE FROM THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD ❑ Long before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set foot on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. ❑ Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Lesson 2.0 DIMENSIONS OF PRE- COLONIAL LITERATURE  Learn about It PRE-COLONIAL LITERARY DIMENSIONS Mostly based on oral traditions passed down from generation to generation, the language they used pertains to daily life. Common forms of oral literature include riddles, proverbs, and songs to express a thought or emotion.  Learn about It PRE-COLONIAL LITERARY DIMENSIONS Majority of proverbs, epigrams, and proverbs collected by researchers come from Tagalog, Cebuano, and Ilocano dialects. The ancient pre-Spanish form of writing called Baybayin which was often cited in the work of Pedro Chirino during the 1500s, was later on approved as the National Writing System of the Philippines through House Bill No. 1022.  Learn about It PRE-COLONIAL LITERARY DIMENSIONS The experiences of the people during pre-colonial period such as food hunting, work at home, caring for the children, and creatures or objects of nature served as the common subject in oral literature. Anyone who knew the language and the convention and forms could be a poet, singer, or storyteller. All important events such as rites and ceremonies reflect religious observance where people commonly recite, sing, or utter a chant. Lesson 2.0 SOME TYPES OF PRE- COLONIAL LITERATURE Learn about It  Learn about It CHANT (BULONG) This was used in witchcraft or enchantment especially in remote places in the Visayas.  Learn about It EXAMPLE OF CHANT Ikaw ang magnanakaw ng bigas ko Lumuwa sana ang mga mata mo Mamaga sana ang katawan mo Patayin ka ng mga anito Learn about It  Learn about It LEGENDS (MGA ALAMAT) These are genres of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions perceived or believed both by teller and listeners to have taken place within human history. Learn about It  Learn about It FOLKTALES (KWENTONG BAYAN) These are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humour where one can derive lessons. An example of this is THE MOON AND THE SUN. Learn about It  Learn about It EPICS (EPIKO) These are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length. Learn about It  Learn about It FOLK SONGS (AWITING BAYAN) These are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables. Examples of which are Kundiman, Kumintang o Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang Oyayi o Hele, Diana, Soliraning and Talindaw. Learn about It  Learn about It RIDDLES (BUGTONG) is a statement or question that directly requires a concrete answer or presents a puzzle whose hidden meaning has to be solved. Lesson 2.0 THE SPANISH PERIOD (1565 - 1898)  Learn about It THE SPANISH ERA This can be divided into two major periods: Early Spanish Period (1565-1863) and Later Part or Revolutionary Period (1864-1896). The Main Goal of the Spaniards back then was to introduce the concept of Religion/Faith/Christianity to the people, and to take all our natural resources. Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry.  Learn about It THE SPANISH INFLUENCE ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE The first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was replaced by the Roman alphabet. Also, the teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros. Learn about It Lesson 2.0 DIMENSIONS OF SPANISH COLONIAL LITERATURE  Learn about It THE SPANISH ERA The type of literature produced during this period used Spanish, Tagalog, and the vernacular form of languages. Spanish was introduced as the medium of communication and later shifted to Tagalog when a sense of nationalism arose during the revolutionary period.  Learn about It THE SPANISH ERA Folk songs still existed. Drama, as another type of literary genre, as well as metrical tales based on European origin (such as awit and corrido) flourished. Lesson 2.0 EMERGENCE OF OTHER TYPES OF LITERATURE DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD Learn about It  Learn about It In 1593, the book written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva titled "DOCTRINA CRISTIANA" (The Christian Doctrine) was first printed. Learn about It  Learn about It Among the other notable books printed are: "Nuestra Señora del Rosario" by Fr. Blancas de San Jose "Barláan at Jósaphát" (first published in 1708) translated from Greek to Tagalog by Fr. Antonio de Borja "Urbana at Felisa" by Modesto de Castro who is considered as the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog. Learn about It  Learn about It RECREATIONAL PLAYS There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, Salubong, Embayoka, Lagaylay, and Zarzuela. Learn about It  Learn about It FOLK SONGS (MGA AWITING BAYAN) It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos and shows their innate appreciation for and love of beauty. The examples are: Leron-Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing. Lesson 2.0 SOME NOTABLE WRITERS DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD Learn about It  Learn about It FRANCISCO BALAGTAS commonly known as Francisco Baltazar (1788-1862) was hailed as the "Master of Traditional Tagalog Poetry". His well-known literary work, Florante at Laura (1838–1861), is regarded as the most famous metrical romance of the country. Learn about It  Learn about It PEDRO PATERNO (1857-1911) was the first Filipino who wrote poetry collection in Spanish titled Sampaguitas y poesias varias (1880). His novel in Spanish Ninay (1885) was considered to be the first Filipino novel. Learn about It  Learn about It José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda better known as Jose Rizal (1861–1896), was a prominent illustrado and the country’s national hero, is famous for the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. These novels portray the corruption and abuse of the Spanish officials and the clergy. Learn about It  Learn about It ANDRES BONIFACIO (1863-1897) the founder of the Katipunan, wrote the poem “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” which appeared in the official newspaper of the Katipunan called Kalayaan in March 1896. Learn about It  Learn about It Leona Florentino (1849–1884) known as the “Mother of Philippine Women’s Literature” was a poet in both Ilocano and Spanish. Twenty of her poems were preserved and exhibited in Europe. Lesson 2.0 THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1946)  Learn about It The period of American colonialization of the Philippines was 48 years. It began with the cession of the Philippines to the U.S. by Spain in 1898 and lasted until the U.S. recognition of Philippine independence in 1946. Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using the English language. Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse.  Learn about It Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for independence. Lesson 2.0 DIMENSIONS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME  Learn about It During the transition period many Filipino writers still preferred to write in Spanish since English was still a foreign language to them. Filipino writers were into all forms of literature during the period of apprenticeship but most of their works were critiqued as an imitation of English and American models.  Learn about It Short stories became the most prevalent literary form during the latter part of American colonial period. The existence of American literary works and periodicals as well as the coming of American teachers encouraged many aspiring Filipino writers to use the English language  Learn about It At the beginning, most of the literary works written in English were considered imitative in nature, but then later on evolved to a new variety of subjects, styles, and conventions of writing. Common theme in plays was all about nationalism. Lesson 2.0 OTHER TYPES OF LITERATURE THAT EXISTED DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME Learn about It  Learn about It SHORT STORIES These are stories that can typically be read in one sitting revolving around one subject and may range between 1,000 up to 20,000 words. The first short story written in English is titled "Dead Stars" by Paz Marquez Benitez Lesson 2.0 SOME NOTABLE WRITERS DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME Learn about It  Learn about It ZOILO GALANG (1895-1959) is known for being responsible for the first publication of several Philippine works in English: A Child of Sorrow (1921) – first Philippine novel in English. Tales of the Philippines (1921) – first volume of Philippine legends and folk tales written in English. Learn about It  Learn about It PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ (1894-1983) was a Filipino short-story write, educator, and editor. She wrote the first short story written in English titled “Dead Stars” in early 1920’s that stood out as a model of perfection in character delineation, plot, and message. Learn about It  Learn about It Lope K. Santos (1879-1963) was a Filipino Tagalog-language writer and former senator of the Philippines. He is best known for his 1906 socialist novel, Banaag at Sikat and for his contributions for the development of Filipino grammar and Tagalog orthography. He was the Father of Filipino Grammar. Learn about It  Learn about It Jose Corazon De Jesus (1894-1932) also known by his pen name Huseng Batute, was a Filipino poet who used Tagalog poetry to express the Filipinos' desire for independence during the American occupation. He was also called the Poet of Love in his time. ANG ISANG PUNONG KAHOY (A TREE), an elegy, is believed to be his masterpiece Learn about It  Learn about It Severino Reyes (1861-1942) was a Filipino writer and playwright. He used the pen name Lola Basyang. Reyes wrote 26 zarzuelas and 22 dramas in his career. He is known as the "Father of Tagalog Plays" and as the "Father of the Tagalog Zarzuela". Lesson 2.0 THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941 – 1945)  Learn about It Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign country, Japan, conquered the Philippines between 1941-1945. Philippine literature in English came to a halt. This led to all newspapers not to be circulated in the community except for TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW.  Learn about It Filipino Poetry during this period The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts. Lesson 2.0 DIMENSIONS OF FILIPINO LITERATURE DURING THE JAPANESE PERIOD  Learn about It All forms of writings were censored during this time because there was no freedom of speech and of the press. Only those who were living in the United States such as Carlos P. Romulo and Manuel L. Quezon could write freely. The use of English language was stopped in almost all publications and only Tagalog and the vernaculars were permitted. Opera and classical music gained popularity. Among the other types of literature emerged were essay and autobiography. Lesson 2.0 OTHER TYPES OF LITERATURE DURING THE JAPANESE PERIOD Learn about It  Learn about It Haiku a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was divided into three lines. The first line has 5 syllables, the second line has 7 syllables, and the third line has 5 syllables, for a total of 17 syllables. Learn about It  Learn about It Tanaga is an indigenous Filipino poem, traditionally in the Tagalog language, consisting of four lines with seven syllables each. It can also have rhymes schemes like AABB and ABAB. Learn about It  Learn about It KARANIWANG ANYO the usual and common form of poetry. Lesson 2.0 REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946 – 1970)  Learn about It The early post–liberation period was marked by a kind of “struggle of mind and spirit” posed by the sudden liberation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see print. Literary writing in vernacular became popular. The writers had a better knowledge of their craft and enjoyed political activism.  Learn about It There was a proliferation of newspapers during this time like the Free Press, Morning Sun, Daily Mirror, Evening News, and Bulletin of Menzi. Lesson 2.0 SOME NOTABLE WORKS DURING THE REBIRTH OF FREEDOM  Learn about It BOOKS (Collection of Prose and Poems) Prose and Poems by Nick Joaquin Philippine Cross Section by Maximo Ramos and Florentino Valeros Short Story Plighted Word by Narciso G. Reyes Scent of Apples by Bienvenido Santos Cadaver by Alberto S. Florentino They Called It “Brotherhood” by Maximo V. Soliven Kwento Ni Mabuti by Genoveva Edroza Lesson 2.0 PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970 – 1972)  Learn about It According to Ponciano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and worldwide causes. Because of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms. The Literary Revolution: The youth became vocal with their sentiments. They demanded a change in the government.  Learn about It Many young activists were imprisoned in military camps together with rebel writers. As early as the period of history we can say that many of those writers who were imprisoned were true nationalists and heroes of their time.  Learn about It The seeds of activism resulted in the declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Bloody Placards. This was the time when the youth once more proved that it is not the constant evasion that shapes our race and nationalism. There is a limit to one’s patience.  Learn about It Some of those who rallied to this revolutionary form of literature were: Rolando Tinio Rogelio Mangahas Efren Abueg Virgilio Almario (Rio Alma) Clemente Bautista  Learn about It The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was proven not only in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk expressions, but also in literature. Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The once aristocratic writers developed awareness for society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA (To dare!). Lesson 2.0 PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972 – 1980)  Learn about It The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards. Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or progress of the country, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution.  Learn about It Carlos Palanca Memorial Award for Literature is a set of literary awards for Filipino writers started on 1950.  Learn about It The government took part in reviving old plays like the Cenaculo, the Zarzuela and the Embayoka of the Muslims. Learn about It Learn about It Learn about It  Learn about It The Cultural Center of the Philippines, the Folk Arts Theater and even the old Metropolitan Theater were rebuilt in order to have a place for these plays. Learn about It  Learn about It During this period, themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs, and the beauties of nature and surroundings.  Learn about It Those who wrote poetry during this period were: Ponciano Pineda Aniceto Silvestre Bienvenido Ramos Vicente Dimasalang Cir Lopez Francisco Pelagio Sulit Cruz  Learn about It Many more composers added their bit during this period. Among them were Freddie Aguilar, Jose Marie Chan and the group Tito, Vic and Joey. ANAK of Freddie Aguilar became an instant success because of the spirit and emotions revealed in the song. Learn about It  Learn about It During this period of the New Society, newspapers donned new forms. News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism and the like were favored.  Learn about It The forms of literature that led during this period were the essays, debates and poetry. The short stories, novels, and plays were no different in style from those written before the onset of activism. Lesson 2.0 PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981 – 1985)  Learn about It After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino, which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981. The Philippines became a new nation, and this, former President Marcos called “The New Republic of the Philippines.”  Learn about It The death of Sen. Benigno Aquino Jr., on August 21, 1983, affects the Philippine literature. The people’s voices could no long be contained. Lesson 2.0 LITERATURE DURING THE THIRD REPUBLIC  Learn about It FILIPINO POETRY Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the government.  Learn about It FILIPINO SONGS Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country, and of fellowmen. Learn about It Lesson 2.0 POST – EDSA REVOLUTION (1986 – 1999)  Learn about It In four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed, Filipino people regained their independence. It was noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and even in the television programs. The newspapers that increase in circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL. Lesson 2.0 THE 21ST CENTURY PERIOD (2000 – PRESENT)  Learn about It The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the needs and tastes of the new generation. 21st Century learners are demanded to be Information and Communication Technology (ICT) inclined to compete with the style and format of writing as well. New codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.  Learn about It ANY QUESTIONS?  Learn about It THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!