Civil Engineering Orientation PDF

CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 TOPIC OUTLINE Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chausssees - the 1. History of Civil Engineering first institution for teaching of Civil Engineering...

CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 TOPIC OUTLINE Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chausssees - the 1. History of Civil Engineering first institution for teaching of Civil Engineering a. Civil Engineering in the Philippines 2. Introduction to CE Canons that was established in France. 3. Civil Engineering Ethics Daniel-Charles Trudaine – the foundation of first 4. Civil Engineering, Society, and Other Professors institution for teaching of Civil Engineering. 5. Construction Engineering and Management John Smeaton – constructed the Eddystone 6. Geotechnical Engineering 7. Structural Engineering Lighthouse, formed the Smeatonian Society of 8. Transportation Engineering 9. Water Resources Engineering Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the 10. Energy and Environmental Engineering profession. History of Civil Engineering Hydraulic Line - a concrete that cured under Master Builder – term for civil engineering before. water and developed a technique of securing the 400 BC-2000 BC – earliest practices of civil blocks using dovetail joints and marble dowel. engineering in Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute – awarded the 2180-1500 BC – the construction of pyramids in first degree in Civil Engineering in the US. Egypt. Nora Stanton Blatch – first woman awarded as 2708-2500 BC – Colosseum in Rome, Great Wall of the first civil engineering degree. China, and Taj Mahal in India. Civil Engineering in the Philippines 312 BC – first major Roman road, the farmed Maestro de Obras – the Filipino or the Masters Appian way or “queen of the roads”. builders 27 BC - “opus caementicium” or Roman concrete Director General – organized the Bureau of Public paved the way for the architectural frenzies. Works and Highways (Obras Publicas) and Bureau 18th Century – the term civil engineering came of Communications and Transportations into use to describe engineering work that was (Communicationes y Meteologia). performed by civilians for non-military purposes. November 22, 1992 – the entire line from Manila to Dagupan train Right of Way – established by law 1 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES  CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 Ordinario - quarried, cut, and handled the size Philippine Organic Act – authorized the Revolutionary Government – created 4 Government of the Philippine Islands to provide government departments among which were the the needs of commerce. Department of War and Public Works. Philippine Commission Act No. 554 – first railroad Malolos Constitution – first council of Legislation Act was passed on December 8, 1902. Government of the First Philippine Republic. Academia de Arquitectura, Ingeniera y Gracio Gonzaga – Secretary of Public Welfare Agrimensura de Filipinas (AIAAF) - new name of from January 21, 1899 to May 7, 1899. AAAF in 1903. Pedro Paterno – President of the Cabinet Escuela de Ingeniera y Arquitectura – offered the Benevolent Policies – pursued by the new five-year in architecture and civil engineering in colonizers when Americans brought about drastic 1904. changes in our engineering culture. October 26, 1905 – The Bureau of Public Works 1900 – foundation of the Liceo de Manila was created and placed under the Department of Leon Ma. Guerrero – head of Liceo de Manila Commerce and Police. Masonic Temple – first multi-structure in Escolta, October 4, 1905 – act No. 1401 of the Philippine Manila Commission passed. Provincial Supervisions – By virtue of Act No. 83 University of the University of Santo Tomas – passed by the Philippine Commission on February oldest engineering school. It was established on 6, 1901, public works and projects. May 18, 1907. Academia de Arquitectura Agrimensura de Don Ramon Irureta-Goyena – headed the UST- Filipinas (AAAF) – first professional association of COE architecture and surveyors was born on 1908 - The Escuela was reorganized and reopened September 14, 1902. its doors to students. Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines – passed on June 13, 1910, appointed 2 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES  CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 Mr. W.J Colbert as Dean of the College of Act Number 4211 – enacted on August 2, 1935, Engineering. permitting under-aged persons to take the board Mr. Jose P. Katigbak – first instructor appointed of exam. the City Engineer’s Office of Manila. Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) 1910 – first appearance of motor vehicles group of civil engineers in the private sector 1911 – the AIAAF was dissolved Engr. Enrique Sto. Tomas Cortes – first president 1912 – the Escuela was closed. of PACE Irrigation Act - regulated the appropriation of December 1941 – all schools were closed public waters, investigation, construction, 1941 - Department of Public Works and operation and maintenance of irrigation systems. Communications (DPWC) and other government 1919 – Metropolitan Water District was founded offices were practically abolished. The Engineers and Architects Law (Act No. 2985) Department of National Defense, Public Works, - passed on February 23, 1921. The law created a Communications and Labor – new name of The separate Board of Examiners for civil engineering Department of Public Works and Communication, and architecture. with Basilio Valdes as secretary. Public Act No. 2985 - enacted empowering the 1942 – the Philippine Executive Commission was Secretary of Commerce and Communication. established Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) - Department of Public Works and group of civil engineers from the government Communications – new name of the Department sector. of National Defense and Communications Engr. Marcial Kasilag – first president of PSCE 1947 - authority of the Department of Public Works Department of Public Works and and Communications was further expanded Communications – new name of Department of when, in 1947, the Motor Vehicles Office was Commerce and Communications placed under its direct supervision. 3 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES  CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 June 17, 1950 – first architect’s law (RA 545) and June 19, 1971 – republic act 6324 was enacted civil engineering law (RA 544) December 11, 1973 – the Securities and Exchange Department of Public Works, Transportation and Commission (SEC) issued Registration Certificate Communications – new name of Department of NO. 53896 Public Works and Communications June 1973 – the Professional Regulation 1951 – the Philippine Highway Act of 1953 or Commission (PRC) was created by Presidential Republic Act No. 917 Decree 223 June 15, 1954 – RA No. 1080 was enacted, the May 25, 1973 – presidential Decree No. 198 or the equivalent to first-grade Civil Service eligibility. Provincial Water Utilities Act of 1973 was signed National Waterworks and Sewerage System Engr. Cesar Caliwara – first president of PICE on Authority (NAWASA) - created through RA 1383 in February 1974 1955 Department of Public Highways (DPH) - new June 16, 1956 - the Civil Engineering law was name of Bureau of Public Highways further amended by Republic Act No. 1582. In the May 20-24, 1975 – first international convention same year, the Architecture law was further August 13, 1975 – the Professional Regulation amended by Republic Act No. 1581. Commission (PRC) recognized the PICE 1960’s-1980’s - automobile age. “This nation is on The System Internationale System – mandated wheels” in the Philippines on 1975. September 30, 1961 – the Association of Structural Ministry of Public Works, Transportations and Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) was founded. Communications (MPWTC) – new name of Engr. Ambrosio Flores – first president of ASEP Department of Public Works, Transportation and June 20, 1964 – republic act no. 4156 was enacted Communications (DPWTC) Philippine National Railways (PNR) - new Ministry of Public Highways (MPH) – new name corporate name of Manila Railroad Company of Department of Public Highways (DPH) (MRRCo) 4 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES  CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 National Water Resources Board (NWRB) - November 3-9, 1991 – declaration of Civil created through the National Water Code of the Engineering period Philippines. May 29, 1993 – first fully computerized board February 19, 1977 – the PD 1096 or the National examination Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) was February 28, 1995 - Syllabi for the Subjects in the signed with its Implementing Rules and Civil Engineering licensure examinations were Regulations (IRR) promulgated. 1978 – the Magat Dam was constructed Architecture Act – passed and signed into law in July 23, 1979 – restructure of Executive Order No. 2004. 546 into two (2) Ministries the Ministry of Public Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations – Works (MPW) and the Ministry of Transportation revised IRR of Presidential Decree No. 1096 and Communications (MOTC) (National Building Code) 1980’s -major highways and expressways were March 2012 - the Board of Civil Engineering wrote constructedn to Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) that Rural Waterworks Development Corporationo the board exam questions will be increased from (RWDC) - founded on 1980 30/35 (per subject) to 100 problems per subject July 12, 1980 – Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) August 23, 2013 – Protection of students’ right to was created as a government agencyi enroll in Review Centers Act of 2013 was signed March 20, 1980 – Martial Law letter of Instruction into law. 1000 execution. Philippine College of Commerce – former 1981 – merging of MPW and MPHt Polytechnic University of the Philippines. January 30, 1987 - the Ministry of Public Works Center of Skills and Rural Industries and Highways (MPWH) is now known as the Development (CSRID) - former faculty of Department of Public Works and Highways technology (DPWH) 5 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES  CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 1980 – The Institute of Technology was created, → Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the and Bachelor in Civil Engineering was offered. safety, health, and welfare of the public Dr. Romulo M. Ricafranca – director of ITECH and shall strive to comply with the Engr. Alberto Canete – former ASEP President and principles of sustainable development in was designated as Dean of the CEA. the performance of their duties. March 7, 1990 – ground-breaking ceremonies of → Civil Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence. the construction of the Engineering and → Civil Engineers shall issue public Architecture Building statements only in an objective and truthful manner. Japan International Cooperation Agency’s → Civil Engineers shall act in professional (JICA) - Japanese experts gave lectures on matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees and shall avoid equipment use to about a hundred faculty on the conflicts of interest. last week of May 1992. → Civil Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services August 28, 1992 – turn-over ceremony of JICA’s and shall not compete unfairly with others. donation to PUP → Civil Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, Engr. Vicky S. Cruz – first female dean of CEA on integrity, and dignity of the civil November 18, 1988 engineering profession. → Civil Engineers shall continue their Dr. Manuel M. Muhi - he launched the strong professional development throughout their research linkage with the Department of Science careers, and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those civil and Technology, Commission on Higher engineers under their supervision. Education, different schools and universities, and Guidelines to Practice Under the Fundamental of Ethics industry that resulted to the 1st National Canon 1 Engineering Conference that was held in March → Recognize that the lives, safety, health, 2007 and welfare of the general are dependent Civil Engineering Canons on engineering judgements, decisions, and September 2001 – publication of the Philippine practices. Institute of Civil Engineers 6 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES  CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 → Shall approve or seal only those design → Shall not use the Specialty Engineering documents reviewed or prepared by them Title → Professional judgement is overruled under Canon 3 circumstances where the safety, health, → Should endeavor to extend public and welfare of the public are endangered knowledge of civil engineering and → Shall inform their clients or employers of sustainable development the possible consequences → Shall be objective and truthful in → Have knowledge or reason to believe that professional reports, statements, or another person or firm may be in violation testimony. → Seek opportunities to be of constructive → Shall express civil engineering opinion service in civic affairs and work for the only when it is founded upon adequate advancement of the safety, health, and knowledge of the facts well-being of their communities → Shall issue no statements, criticisms, or → Committed to improving the environment arguments on civil engineering matters by adhering the principles of sustainable → Shall be dignified and modest in development explaining their work and merit and will Canon 2 avoid any act tending to promote their → Perform engineering assignments only own interest. when qualified by education or experience Canon 4 → May accept an assignment requiring → Shall avoid all known or potential conflicts education or experience outside of their of interest with their employers or clients own fields of competence → Shall not accept compensation from → Shall not affix their signature or seals to more than one party for services any civil engineering plan or documents pertaining to the same project 7 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES  CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 → Shall not solicit or accept gratuities, → May request, propose or accept directly or indirectly, from contractors, their professional commissions on a agents, or other parties. contingent basis only → Shall not participate in consideration or → Shall not falsify or permit actions with respect to the services misinterpretation of their academic or solicited or provided by them or their professional qualifications organization → Shall give proper credit for engineering → Shall advise their employers or clients work to those to whom credit is due when they believe a project will not be → May advertise professional services in a successful way that does not contain misleading → Shall not use confidential information language coming to them in the course of their → Shall not use equipment, supplies, assignments laboratory, or office facilities of their → Shall not accept professional employers employment outside of their regular work Canon 6 or interest → Shall not knowingly act in a manner that Canon 5 will be derogatory to the honor, integrity, or → Shall not give, solicit, or receive either dignity directly or indirectly, any political Canon 7 contribution → Should keep current in their specialty → Should negotiate contracts for fields by engaging in professional practice professional services fairly and on the → Should encourage their engineering basis of demonstrated and qualifications employees to become registered at the earliest possible date 8 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES  CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 → Should encourage engineering where applicable into that being employees to attend and present papers undertaken by the CE at professional and technical society → May recommend specialist suppliers meetings and/or contractors to design and execute → Shall uphold the principle of mutually certain parts of the works satisfying relationships between → Shall notify the Client of any interest the employers and employees with respect to Civil Engineering has which may terms of employment significantly conflict with the interests of Civil Engineering Ethics the client under their contract. The obligations of the Civil Engineer include: Ethics and the Law → Shall perform scope of services as stated Ethics – study of the characteristics of morals, in Section 2 and involves the moral choices → Shall exercise reasonable skill, care, and Ethical Theories Based on Philosophical Scholars diligence in the performance of his Utilitarianism obligations → John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) → Shall act independently and as required → Considers a balance of good and bad by the contract consequences for everyone → Authorized to act as the client’s faithful → Cost benefit analysis is an application of agent when required Utilitarianism → Shall give written notice to the client Duty Ethics containing particulars of the change. → Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) → Shall not initiate or proceed with any → Deontological (duty-based) ethics are subsequent stage of the services without concerned with what people do, not with approval of the client the consequences of their actions. → Shall direct and co-operate with all other → Duty to treat others fairly or not to injure professionals and integrate their work others 9 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES  CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION CETE 101 SR. KENNETH TANA | LESSON 1-4 Right Ethics → Utilitarian Analysis come to the same → John Locke (1632-1704) conclusion, since the economic benefits of → People have fundamental rights that the plant would almost outweigh by the others have a duty to respect negative effects of the pollution → Rights are considered to be ethically → Virtue Ethics say that discharging wastes correct and valid since a large or ruling into ground water is irresponsible and population endorses them harmful Virtue Ethics Code of Ethics → Actions are considered right if they → Provides a framework for ethical support good character traits (virtues) and judgement for a professional wrong if they support bad character traits → Starting point for ethical decision making (vices) → Roles and responsibilities of professionals → Closely tied to personal honor Codes of Ethics Commonly Hold → Judges a person by his character rather → Hold the health and safety of the public as than by an action a primary concern Which Ethical Theory to Use? → Duties are summarized in order of A chemical plant near a small city discharges a importance with most important first. (e.g hazardous waste into the ground water. If the city safety is more important than conflict of takes water from wells, the water supply for the interest) city will be compromised and significant health problems for the community may result. Ethical Analysis → Right and duty ethics indicates that this pollution is unethical 10 S.M | POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES