Civil Engineering Orientation PDF

Civil Engineering Orientation BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT ENGR. JENNELYN B. APNO-DONCILLO INSTRUCTOR  QUIRINO STATE UN...

Civil Engineering Orientation BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT ENGR. JENNELYN B. APNO-DONCILLO INSTRUCTOR  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION COURSE DESCRIPTION An introduction to various tracks of specialization of civil engineering, emphasis on ethics, responsibility and professionalism. TOPICS/SUBJECT MATTER I. History of Civil Engineering a. Introduction to Civil Engineering II. Civil Engineering, Society and Professions a. Definition of Engineering b. The Evolution of a Profession c. The Profession d. Ethics and Professionalism e. Trust and Reliability f. Responsibility in Engineering LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO) LO 1: Understand the history of Civil Engineering and be able to appreciate the theoretical aspects of Civil Engineering Profession. LO 2: Gain essential information and be able to understand about the fundamentals and importance of Civil Engineering. LO 3. Explain and identify several approaches to the nature of professionalism. LO 4: Develop thinking skills and reasoning and be able to understand personal morality and professional ethics. TO THE STUDENT “The fundamental decision that you, a beginning engineering student, must make is whether or not your interests are compatible with the demands of the profession of engineering. If so, you must major in a branch of engineering and perhaps even select an area of technical specialization. These decisions may come easily, or they may be difficult to make. In any case, I hope this will assist you in making major career decisions, and make you aware of many other points of consideration associated with a career in engineering.” - W. Edward Red VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” LESSON PRESENTATION LESSON I: INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. It affects many of our daily activities: the buildings we live in and works in, the transportation facilities we use, the water we drink, the drainage and the sewerage systems that are necessary to our health and well-being. HISTORY OF THE CIVIL ENGINEERING It is difficult to determine the history of emergence and beginning of civil engineering, however, that the history of civil engineering is a mirror of the history of human beings on this earth. Man used the old shelter caves to protect themselves of weather and harsh environment, and used a tree trunk to cross the river, which being the demonstration of ancient age civil engineering. The earliest practices of civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing. Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably. About 3000 BC, Imhotep “chief of works”, the first documented Egyptian engineer, built a famous stepped pyramid for King Djoser located at Saqqara Necropolis in Egypt with an approximate dimension of 350 by 400 feet at the base and a height of about 200 feet. With simple tools and mathematics he created a monument that stands to this day. His greatest contribution to engineering was his discovery of the art of building with shaped stones. Those who followed him carried engineering to remarkable heights using skill and  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” management system (the oldest older than 3000 years and longer than 71 km,) the Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC), the Appian Way by Roman engineers (c. 312 BC), the Great Wall of China by General Meng T‘ien under orders from Ch‘in Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC) and the stupas constructed in ancient Sri Lanka like the Jetavanaramaya and the extensive irrigation works in Anuradhapura. The Romans developed civil structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, insulae, harbours, bridges, dams and roads. Other remarkable historical structures are Sennacherib's Aqueduct at Jerwan built in 691 BC; Li Ping's irrigation projects in China (around 220 BC); Julius Caesar's Bridge over the Rhine River built in 55 BC, numerous bridges built by other Romans in and around Rome(e.g. the pons Fabricius); Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct, Nimes, France) built in 19 BC; the extensive system of highways the Romans built to facilitate trading and (more importantly) fast manoeuvring of legions; extensive irrigation system constructed by the Hohokam Indians, Salt River, AZ around 600 AD; first dykes defending against high water in Friesland, The Netherlands around 1000 AD; El Camino Real - The Royal Road, Eastern Branch, TX and Western Branch, NM (1500s AD). Machu Picchu, Peru, built at around 1450, at the height of the Inca Empire is considered an engineering marvel. It was built in the Andes Mountains assisted by some of history‘s most ingenious water resource engineers. The people of Machu Picchu built a mountain top city with running water, drainage systems, food production and stone structures so advanced that they endured for over 500years. A treatise on Architecture, Book called Vitruvius' De Archiectura, was published at 1AD in Rome and survived to give us a look at engineering education in ancient times. It was probably written around 15 BC by the Roman architect Vitruvius and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects. Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stonemasons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Knowledge was retained in guilds and seldom supplanted by advances. Structures, roads and infrastructure that existed were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental. One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, including Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions such as Archimedes‘ screw. Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician, used arithmetic in the 7th century AD, based on Hindu-Arabic numerals, for excavation (volume) computations.  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” Built a water supply system of canals and aqueducts that conveyed water a distance of 35 miles to a reservoir elevated 100 feet above the city of Pergamum in western Asia minor. On the island of Samos, the Greek builder Eupalinos supervised the construction of a tunnel (through a hill) which was 3300 feet long, 6 feet in width and height. And a trench for clay pipe, 3 feet to 25 feet deep. Roman Engineers- considered to be the best and certainly the most prolific engineers of antiquity, left monuments of their building expertise scattered from the Mediterranean countries to Scotland and Germany (from about 400BC to AD400). Aqueduct system supplying water to Rome transported 120 gallons daily for each person‘s use. Chinese Engineers- at the same time and independent were making significant accomplishments. The elaborate irrigation system in western Szechuan built by Li ping around 200BC is still in operation. The Great Wall of China- built to protect the Chinese against the raids of the Mongols. Estimates of its length vary from 1600-mile to 2500 miles northern border of China and has a height of 20 feet with a thickness about the same. These accomplishments represent a small portion of the achievements of our ancestral engineers. Although early engineers were thus honoured, they also were held accountable for their products. Legal penalties, including the death penalty were imposed on builders for poor construction. This responsibility and accountability to society marks an important characteristic of the emerging profession of engineering. EDUCATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING In the 18th century, the term civil engineering was coined to incorporate all things civilian as opposed to military engineering. It is the oldest engineering discipline after the military engineering. The first engineering school, The National School of Bridges and Highways, in France, was opened in 1747. QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” The Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers was founded in England in 1771. It was the first engineering society to be formed anywhere in the world, and remains the oldest. Smeaton and some of his colleagues are group of leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner. Though there was evidence of some technical meetings, it was little more than a social society. In 1818, a small group of young engineers founded the “Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE)” in London, the World‘s first professional engineering body. In 1820, the eminent Engineer Thomas Telford became its first president. The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) is one of the world's most respected professional engineering associations. Since it were formed 200 years ago, It had attracted some of the most famous and influential civil engineers in history. Telford designed and built all types of infrastructure; from churches to castles, canals to harbours, tunnels to bridges. He was also given the nickname „the Colossus of Roads‟ because his designs were used to construct all major British highways (during his lifetime he built over 1,000 miles of roads). Using his political and social connections, Telford helped to bring in many new members, from the UK and overseas. But his most important role was getting ICE's Royal Charter in 1828. The charter (updated by Queen Elizabeth II in 1975), gives the institution status as the leading institution for the civil engineering profession. Its charter defined civil engineering as: ―Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles, and its history is intricately linked to advances in understanding of physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub- disciplines, its history is linked to knowledge of structures, material science, geography, geology, soil, hydrology, environment, mechanics and other fields.‖