Memory & IO Organization Lecture Notes PDF
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Summary
These lecture notes cover memory and I/O organization, including discussions on memory capacity, types of memory, and memory hierarchies. The document also contains various questions related to the topic.
Full Transcript
MEMORY Question 2: Multiple Choice. Which of the following is considered as unit of measurement for memory capacity? Multiple Answers. Terabyte Pentabyte Gigabyte Hexabyte Yottabyte Zettabyte Nanobyte MEMORY What is capacity?...
MEMORY Question 2: Multiple Choice. Which of the following is considered as unit of measurement for memory capacity? Multiple Answers. Terabyte Pentabyte Gigabyte Hexabyte Yottabyte Zettabyte Nanobyte MEMORY What is capacity? Number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold Kilobyte (KB) 1 thousand Megabyte (MB) 1 million Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion Exabyte (EB) 1 quintillion Zettabyte (ZB) 1 sextillion Yottabyte (YB) 1 septillion p. 356 Next MEMORY Question 3: True/False. A USB Flash Drive is an external flash drive that can be used with any computer that has a USB port. USB Flash Drive is a Volatile Memory. Nonvolatile Volatile MEMORY Question 4: Identification It is a process of transferring items from storage media (Secondary Memory) to memory (Main Memory). MEMORY Question 5: Matching Type Arrange the different memory given, based on its speed. (e.g. 1 fastest) DDR2 SDRAM Hard Disk Cache Memory USB Flash Drive Registers MEMORY Question 6: Identification A computer memory measurement of time required to deliver item from memory to processor. MEMORY What is access time? Time it takes storage device to locate item on storage medium Time required to deliver item from memory to processor faster Transfer rates transfer rates Primary Storage Memory (most RAM) Items waiting to be interpreted and executed by the processor Secondary Storage Hard Disk Operating system, application software, user data and information Flash Memory Cards Digital pictures or files and USB Flash Drives to be transported CDs and DVDs Software, backups, movies, music Tape Backups slower transfer Floppy Disk Small files to be transported rates MEMORY Question 7: Identification It is a memory unit that communicates directly with the CPU. MEMORY MAIN MEMORY SUBSYSTEM Two Operations: Load (or read) address of the data location to be read Store (or write) address of the location and the data to be written Order in which the bytes are written to memory Little endian systems (PC) LSB written at lowest address byte Big endian systems (Apple computers: G3, G4) MSB written at lowest address byte MEMORY Question 8: True/False In retrieving data to secondary memory, the main will first request for the data in the disk cache. If the request is failed, it will send the second request to the hard disk for the working data. MEMORY Question 9: Pictogram What is this picture?