Computer Organization and Architecture Introduction PDF

Computer Organization and Architecture Chapter 1 Introduction 4 Computer Architecture Computer Organization Attributes of a Instruction set, system visible to the number of bits...

Computer Organization and Architecture Chapter 1 Introduction 4 Computer Architecture Computer Organization Attributes of a Instruction set, system visible to the number of bits used programmer to represent various Have a direct impact data types, I/O on the logical mechanisms, execution of a techniques for program addressing memory Architectural Computer attributes Architecture include: Organizational Computer attributes Organization include: Hardware details transparent to the The operational programmer, control units and their signals, interfaces interconnections between the computer that realize the and peripherals, architectural memory technology specifications used 4  4 IBM System 370 Architecture IBM System/370 architecture Was introduced in 1970 Included a number of models Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to abandon (‫ )تخلى‬original software New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the same architecture so that the customer’s software investment is protected Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s mainframe product line Structure and Function Basic concepts and terms Hierarchical system Structure Set of interrelated The way in which subsystems components relate to each Hierarchical nature of complex other systems is essential to both Function their design and their description The operation of individual components as part of the Designer need only deal with structure a particular level of the system at a time Concerned with structure and function at each level 6 Function A computer can perform four basic functions: Data processing Data storage Data movement Control Operations (a) Data movement Operations (b) Data storage Operations (c) Data processing Operations (d) Control  The Computer 12 Structure 13  CPU – controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions There are four main structural  Main Memory – stores data components  I/O – moves data between the of the computer: computer and its external environment  System Interconnection – some mechanism that provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O  Control Unit CPU Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer Major structural Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) components: Performs the computer’s data processing function Registers Provide storage internal to the CPU CPU Interconnection Some mechanism that provides for communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers  Summary Introduction Chapter 1 Computer Organization Structure CPU Computer Architecture Main memory Function I/O Data processing System interconnection Data storage CPU structural components Data movement Control unit Control ALU Registers CPU interconnection 16  16 Internet Resources - Web site for book http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA9e.html Links to sites of interest Links to sites for courses that use the book Errata list for book Information on other books by W. Stallings http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html Math How-to Research resources Misc