Computer Components - Dr. Mohamed Fawzy

Complate Dr. Mohamed fawzy 1. **The size of the register or …….. indicates the amount of data with which the computer can work at any given time. **Answer:** word size 2. A 32-bit CPU has registers that are ___ bits wide. **Answer:** 32 3. …….. is used to store data and instructions during the execution of instructions. **Answer:** RAM 4. If RAM is less, the CPU has to wait each time information is swapped from the ___ memory. **Answer:** slower 3. Modern PCs usually have RAM sizes in the range of ___ to ___ GB. **Answer:** 1, 4 (1 GB to 4 GB) 5. ……………. is deﬁned as the frequency at which a processor executes instructions. **Answer:** the clock speed of the CPU 6. The clock speed is measured in ___ or ___. **Answer:** megahertz (MHz), gigahertz (GHz). 7. Higher clock frequencies mean the processor performs more ___ per second, leading to faster data processing. **Answer:** clock ticks 8. 9. A CPU’s performance is often measured by the number of instructions it executes per second, known as ___ or ___. **Answer:** MIPS, BIPS 1. The ……………….is used for transferring data between the CPU and memory. Answer: data bus 2. In a 16-bit processor, a 16-bit wire bus can carry ___ bits of data. **Answer:** 16 2. The speed of the bus is measured in ___, and a higher bus speed improves computer performance. **Answer:** MHz (megahertz) 3. The ……………. connects the CPU and RAM with a set of wires similar to data bus Answer: address bus 4. ……………… determines the maximum number of memory locations the computer can address. **Answer:** address bus 4. Pentium Pro, II, III, IV processors have a ___-bit address bus, allowing them to address up to ___ bytes or ___ GB of memory. **Answer:** 36, 236, 64 (‫)سؤال ملهوش ﻻزمه بس شوفه و خﻼص‬ 5. The typical bus speed in modern PCs varies from ___ MHz to ___ MHz. **Answer:** 100, 400 6. Two factors a ecting a cache’s performance are its ___ and **Answer:** size, level (such as L1, L2, and L3). 7. Larger cache sizes improve performance. Modern PCs typically have an L1 cache of ___ KB and an L2 cache of ___ MB. **Answer:** 256, 1 ‫الجدول ده مهم‬ ‫جداااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااا‬ ‫‪1. The basic unit of memory is known as a ……….‬‬ ‫‪Answer: binary digit or bit,‬‬ 2.binary digit or bit, which represents a single binary value of ___ or ___. **Answer:** 0, 1 3. Data in a computer is managed as a combination of bits, where a group of 8 bits forms a ___. **Answer:** byte 4. …….. is the smallest unit of data handled by a computer Answer: one byte 5. one byte can store……, i.e ……. di erent combinations of bits **Answer:** 2^8 , 256 5. Within a byte, the di erent combinations of bits range from ___ to ___. **Answer:** 00000000, 11111111 6. A group of bytes can be combined to form a ………….. Answer: word 7. A word can consist of ___, ___, ___, or ___ bytes. **Answer:** 2, 4, 8 Certainly! Here they are with the answers listed below each question: 1. The three main components of computer system hardware are the __________ Unit, __________ Unit, and __________ Unit. - **Answer:** Input/Output (I/O) Unit, Central Processing (CPU) Unit, and Memory Unit. 2. The __________ performs calculations and processes the input data to generate the output. - **Answer:** CPU 3. The I/O unit consists of the __________ unit and the __________ unit. - **Answer:** input, output 4. The __________ unit is used to store data, instructions, and output information. - **Answer:** memory 1. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is often called the __________ of the computer. - **Answer:** brain 2. The ------- controls, coordinates, and supervises the operations of the computer. - **Answer:** CPU 3. CPU consists of three main components: ……………. , …………., __________. - **Answer:** Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and a set of registers 4. The __________ performs all arithmetic and logic operations on the input data. - **Answer:** Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 5. The ……………controls the overall operations of the computer, checking the sequence of execution of instructions - **Answer:** Control Unit (CU) 6. __________ is used for temporary storage of data, instructions, addresses, and intermediate results during processing. - **Answer:** A set of registers 7. CPU gets data and instructions from the __________. - **Answer:** memory 8. The CPU interprets the program instructions and performs the __________ and __________ operations required for data processing. - **Answer:** arithmetic, logic 9. After processing, the CPU sends the result to the __________. - **Answer:** memory 10. The acts as an administrator and is responsible for supervising operations of other parts of the computer. - **Answer:** CPU 1. The CPU is fabricated as a single __________ chip and is also known as the __________. - **Answer:** Integrated Circuit (IC), microprocessor 2. The microprocessor is plugged into the __________ of the computer. - **Answer:** motherboard 3. The __________ is a circuit board with electronic circuits that connect the microprocessor with other hardware components. - **Answer:** motherboard 4. The ALU consists of two units: __________ unit and __________ unit. - **Answer:** arithmetic, logic 5. The __________ unit performs arithmetic operations on data, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. - **Answer:** arithmetic 6. The __________ unit of the ALU is responsible for performing logical operations, including comparisons and condition checks. - **Answer:** logic 7. ALU performs both __________ and __________ operations on the data being processed. - **Answer:** arithmetic, logic 8. __________ are high-speed storage areas within the CPU with limited storage capacity. - **Answer:** Registers 9. ------------are directly accessed and manipulated by the CPU during instruction execution. - **Answer:** Registers Here are ﬁll-in-the-blank questions based on the latest slide, along with answers below each question: 1. __________, store __________, __________, __________, and intermediate results of processing. - **Answer:** Registers, data, instructions, addresses 2. Registers are often referred to as the CPU’s __________. - **Answer:** working memory 3. The data and instructions that require processing must be brought into the __________ of the CPU before they can be processed. - **Answer:** registers 4. If two numbers are to be added, both numbers are brought into the __________, added, and the result is also placed in a __________. - **Answer:** registers, register 5. __________ stores the result of arithmetic and logic operations. - **Answer:** Accumulator 6. The --------------- contains the current instruction most recently fetched. - **Answer:** Instruction Register (IR) 7. -----------contains the address of the next instruction to be processed. - **Answer:** The Program Counter (PC) 8. ----------------contains the address of the next location in memory to be accessed. - **Answer:** The Memory Address Register (MAR) 9. -----------------temporarily stores data from memory or data to be sent to memory - **Answer:**, The Memory Bu er Register (MBR) 10. ----------------stores the operands and any other data. - **Answer:** The Data Register (DR) 1. The number of registers and the size of each (number of bits) register in a CPU help to determine the __________ and __________ of a CPU. - **Answer:**power, speed Or ---------------, and ------------------- in a CPU help to determine the power and speed of a CPU. - **Answer:** The number of registers , the size of each (number of bits) register 2. The size of a register is also called the __________. - **Answer:** word size 3. The __________ the size of the register, the more quickly it can process data. - **Answer:** bigger (‫)ده سؤال ينفع صح و غلط اكتر‬ 4. The size of a register may be __________, __________, __________, or __________ bits. - **Answer:** 8, 16, 32, 64 5. A 32-bit CPU is one in which each register is __________ bits wide, and it can manipulate __________ bits of data at a time. - **Answer:** 32, 32 6. Nowadays, most PCs have __________-bit or __________-bit registers. - **Answer:** 32, 64 7. A __________-bit processor can process data twice as fast as one with a __________-bit processor. - **Answer:** 64, 32 8. The __________ of a computer does not perform actual data processing but organizes and coordinates the activities of the other units. - **Answer:** control unit (CU) 1. ----------------stores data, instructions, intermediate results, and output during data processing. - **Answer:** The Memory Unit, 2. The memory unit consists of __________ memory and __________ memory. - **Answer:** internal, external 3. The internal memory consists of ---------,------------, and-------- - **Answer:** the CPU registers, cache memory, and primary memory. 4. External memory is also called __________ memory and is used to store large amounts of data and software. - **Answer:** secondary 5. Internal memory features include (1) limited storage capacity, (2) temporary storage, (3) fast access, and (4) high cost. (‫)سؤال ينفع صح و غلط‬ 7. __________ are the fastest and most expensive among all memory types, located inside the CPU and directly accessible by it. - **Answer:** Registers 8. ------------is placed between the CPU and the main memory. - **Answer:** Cache memory 9. Primary memory is relatively __________ than the cache memory. - **Answer:** slower 10. For a program or data to be executed, it must be brought into __________ from the secondary memory. - **Answer:** RAM 1. __________ is used to store data and instructions during execution. - **Answer:** Primary memory or main memory 2. __________ and __________ are the types of primary memory. - **Answer:** Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM) 3. --------------storage devices have very high storage capacity. - **Answer:** Secondary memory 4. ---------provides permanent storage, which is also known as non-volatile memory. - **Answer:** Secondary memory 5. Secondary memory has relatively __________ access compared to primary memory. - **Answer:** slower (‫)سؤال ينفع صح و غلط‬ 6. -----------stores data and instructions that are not currently being used by the CPU but may be required later. - **Answer:** Secondary memory (‫)سؤال ينفع صح و غلط‬ 7. -----------is considered the cheapest among all memory types. - **Answer:** Secondary memory 8. Examples of secondary memory storage devices include __________, __________, ------------,------------- - **Answer:** Magnetic tape drives, Hard disk drive ﬂoppy drives, disk drives, and optical disk drives. 9. A program or data that needs to be executed is brought into the __________ from the secondary memory. - **Answer:** RAM 1. The data and instructions required during processing are brought from the __________ storage devices and stored in the __________. - **Answer:** secondary, RAM 2. The time taken to move data between RAM and CPU registers is large, which a ects processing speed. (‫)سؤال ينفع صح و غلط‬ 3. __________ memory is a very high-speed memory placed between RAM and CPU to increase processing speed. - **Answer:** Cache 4. -----------acts as a storage bu er that temporarily stores frequently used data, making it quickly available to the CPU. - **Answer:** Cache memory 5. During processing, the CPU ﬁrst checks the __________ for the required data before looking in the RAM. - **Answer:** cache 6. Cache memory can be built into the __________ or located next to it on a separate chip. - **Answer:** processor (CPU) 7. Cache built into the CPU runs at the speed of the __________, making it faster than separate cache. - **Answer:** microprocessor 8. Separate cache is roughly __________ as fast as RAM. - **Answer:** twice 1. Primary memory is the __________ of a computer, used to store data and instructions during data processing. - **Answer:** main memory 2. Primary memory is made of semiconductor memory and includes two types: __________ and __________. - **Answer:** Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM) 3. __________ is volatile memory, meaning data stored in it gets erased when the computer is turned o. - **Answer:** RAM 4. ------------provides temporary storage for data and instructions. - **Answer:** RAM 5. __________ is non-volatile memory and stores data permanently, even when the computer is turned o. - **Answer:** ROM 6. ----------is used for storing standard processing programs that are permanently needed in the computer. - **Answer:** ROM 7. The -----------accesses data and instructions that require processing from storage devices by ﬁrst bringing them into RAM. - **Answer:** CPU 8. The data entered using the input unit is stored in __________ during processing. - **Answer:** RAM 9. -----------provides limited storage capacity due to its high cost. - **Answer:** RAM 10. Any intermediate results generated during processing are stored in __________. - **Answer:** RAM ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER The brain of the computer ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER The size of the register is is 64 bits wide, and its cpu can manipulate 64 bits of data at a time. A 64-bit processor can process the data twice as fast as one with 32-bit processor. ANSWER 64-bit processor can process the data twice as fast as one with 32- bit processor ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER Three levels ANSWER ‫دى اﻹجابة الجديدة من محاضرة الدكتور‬ ANSWER ‫‪ANSWER‬‬ ‫‪ANSWER‬‬ ‫دى اﻹجابة الجديدة من محاضرة الدكتور‬ ‫‪ANSWER‬‬ ANSWER Internal bus or system bus ANSWER external bus or expansion bus ANSWER ANSWER Width ANSWER Data bus ANSWER Width ANSWER Address bus ANSWER The width of the address bus determines the maximum number of memory locations the computer can address. The width of the data bus a ects the speed of the computer. ANSWER expansion slots ANSWER Control bus Address bus Data bus ANSWER ANSWER Byte ANSWER 0 or 1 ==================================================== ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ====================================================== ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER primary memory's design and technology focus on speed and immediate data access While the has a relatively slower access , and store data and instructions that are not currently being used by cpu but may be required later for processing. ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER Deﬁnition: A type of computer memory that requires continuous power to retain data. When the power is turned o , all stored information is lost. Example: RAM (Random Access Memory) ANSWER ‫ﻻحظ‪ :‬اﻹجابة من محاضرة دكتور احمد سمير )اللى شرح ‪ 102‬صفحة لغاية دلوقتى(‬ ‫‪ANSWER‬‬ CLI: Commend Line Interface CUI: Character User Interface T and F Dr. Mohamed fawzy 4. **Which device is an example of an analog computer?** - A) Digital thermometer - B) Slide rule - C) Smartwatch - D) Desktop computer **Answer:** B) Slide rule ### True/False Questions: 1. **A computer can perform both simple and complex operations.** **Answer:** True 2. **Digital computers measure parameters that vary continuously in real time, such as temperature and voltage.** **Answer:** False (This is true for analog computers) 3. **The computers we use at homes and o ices are typically analog computers.** **Answer:** False (They are digital computers) 4. **Analog computers are generally more precise than digital computers.** **Answer:** False (Analog computers are generally less precise than digital computers) 5. **What does the word 'ABACUS' mean?** - A) Calculating board - B) Hand-held computer - C) Number calculator - D) Measuring device **Answer:** A) Calculating board ### True/False Questions: 1. **The slide rule is one of the simplest analog computers.** **Answer:** True 2. **The ABACUS is a hand-operated digital calculator.** **Answer:** False (It is a mechanical calculating device) 3. **The slide rule can evaluate operations like logarithms and trigonometry.** **Answer:** True 4. **The ABACUS has vertical bars with beads.** **Answer:** False (It has horizontal bars with beads) 5. **Each horizontal bar of an ABACUS has 10 beads representing units, tens, hundreds, etc.** **Answer:** True **Answer:** B) The ability to perform di erent types of tasks with the same ease 6. **Which of the following is NOT a characteristic mentioned in the slide?** - A) Speed - B) Creativity - C) Diligence - D) Versatility **Answer:** B) Creativity ### True/False Questions: 1. **A computer can perform calculations with accuracy up to 10 decimal places.** **Answer:** True 2. **The computer's storage capability is limited, and large volumes of data cannot be stored.** **Answer:** False (Large volumes of data can be stored) 3. **Diligence means that the computer can work for long periods without getting tired or fatigued.** **Answer:** True 4. **Computers can perform only one type of task at a time due to their limited versatility.** **Answer:** False (Computers are versatile and can perform di erent types of tasks) 9. **What is one of the examples provided for the speed of computers?** - A) Storing large volumes of data - B) Performing division up to 10 decimal places - C) Processing data for weather forecasting - D) Creating complex graphics **Answer:** C) Processing data for weather forecasting ### True/False Questions: 7. **Versatility refers to a computer's ability to store large volumes of data.** **Answer:** False (Versatility refers to performing di erent tasks with ease) 8. **Accuracy allows a computer to perform the same calculation with di erent results.** **Answer:** False (Accuracy ensures the results are consistent and correct) 9. **A computer can store large amounts of data, but retrieval is often slow and ine icient.** **Answer:** False (Computers store large volumes of data and retrieve it when needed e iciently) 1. **First-generation computers used vacuum tubes for memory.** **Answer:** false 2. **The instructions for ﬁrst-generation computers were written in high-level programming languages.** **Answer:** False (They were written in machine language) 3. **First-generation computers required only a small amount of space for installation.** **Answer:** False (They were enormous in size and required a large room) 4. **First-generation computers had computation times measured in milliseconds.** **Answer:** True 5. **One of the disadvantages of ﬁrst-generation computers was that they were di icult to program due to the use of machine language.** **Answer:** True 6. **First-generation computers were highly energy-e icient and generated very little heat.** **Answer:** False (They consumed a lot of electricity and generated a lot of heat) 4. **What is the primary role of the Memory Unit in a computer?** - A) Store data, instructions, and output information - B) Perform arithmetic calculations - C) Control the data ﬂow between components - D) Generate output for users **Answer: A) Store data, instructions, and output information** 5. **In the CPU, which components are responsible for performing operations and controlling the computer's processes?** - A) Input Unit and Output Unit - B) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and CU (Control Unit) - C) Memory and Registers - D) ALU and Memory Unit **Answer: B) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and CU (Control Unit)** ### True/False Questions: 1. **The computer system hardware consists of the Input/Output Unit, Central Processing Unit (CPU), and Memory Unit.** **Answer: True** 2. **The CPU is responsible for storing data and instructions.** **Answer: False** (The Memory Unit is responsible for storing data and instructions.) 3. **The I/O unit consists of the input unit and the output unit.** **Answer: True** - A) Output Unit - B) Memory - C) Input Unit - D) Control Unit **Answer: B) Memory** 4. **The CPU also acts as an administrator in a computer system. What does this imply?** - A) It handles user accounts and passwords. - B) It supervises operations of other parts of the computer. - C) It manages software installations. - D) It controls external devices. **Answer: B) It supervises operations of other parts of the computer.** 5. **Which of the following best describes one of the CPU's roles?** - A) Managing the overall operations of the network - B) Interpreting program instructions and performing arithmetic operations - C) Storing data permanently - D) Handling all data input and output operations **Answer: B) Interpreting program instructions and performing arithmetic operations** ### True/False Questions: 1. **The CPU gets data and instructions from the output unit.** **Answer: False** (The CPU gets data and instructions from memory.) **Answer: B) High-speed storage areas with limited capacity** ### True/False Questions: 1. **The CPU is fabricated as a single Integrated Circuit (IC) chip, also known as a microprocessor.** **Answer: True** 2. **The motherboard is a circuit board that connects the microprocessor with other hardware components.** **Answer: True** 3. **The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) only consists of an arithmetic unit.** **Answer: False** (The ALU consists of an arithmetic unit and a logic unit.) 4. **The logic unit of the ALU performs comparisons of numbers, letters, and special characters.** **Answer: True** 5. **Registers are high-speed storage areas within the CPU but have limited storage capacity.** **Answer: True** ### Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): **Answer: b) High-speed storage during instruction execution** ### True/False Questions 1. The CPU is also known as the microprocessor. **Answer: True** 2. The ALU only performs arithmetic operations. **Answer: False** (It performs both arithmetic and logic operations) 3. The logic unit of the ALU is responsible for comparing numbers, letters, and special characters. **Answer: True** 4. Registers have the highest storage capacity in the CPU. **Answer: False** (Registers have the least storage capacity) 5. The motherboard connects the microprocessor with other hardware components. **Answer: True** 6. The arithmetic unit of the ALU can perform multiplication and division operations. **Answer: True** 4. **Secondary memory has very high storage capacity and is non-volatile.** **Answer: True** 5. **Magnetic tape drives, ﬂoppy drives, and hard disk drives are types of primary memory.** **Answer: False** (These are types of secondary memory.)

Computer Components - Dr. Mohamed Fawzy

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