Medical Terminology (MD 101) Lecture 1 & 2 - PDF

Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Part 1 Introduction to Medical Terminology 11 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Part 1 Introduction to Medical Terminology Basic Elements of a Medica...

Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Part 1 Introduction to Medical Terminology 11 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Part 1 Introduction to Medical Terminology Basic Elements of a Medical Word Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Identify the four basic word elements used to form medical words. Divide medical words into their component parts. Use the guidelines to define and build medical words. The Four Types of Word Parts 12 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Key terms Acronym An abbreviation formed from the first letter of each word in a phrase. Combining A word root in combination with a vowel used to link form the root with a suffix. Prefix A word part added before the root to modify its meaning. Root The fundamental unit of a word. Suffix A word part added to the end of a root to modify its meaning. 13 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program 1. Word Roots 2. Combining Forms 3. Suffixes 4. Prefix 14  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Word Roots A word root is the core of a medical term and contains the fundamental meaning of the word. It is the foundation on which other elements are added to develop a complete term. Most word roots are derived from Greek or Latin. Because of this twofold origin, two different roots may have the same meaning. For example, the Greek word derm and the Latin word cutane both refer to the skin. As a general rule, Greek word roots are used to build words that describe a disease, condition, treatment, or diagnosis; Latin word roots are used to build words that describe anatomic structures. 15 Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program System Root Meaning Cardiovascular Cardi/o Heart Vascul/o Vessel Respiratory Pneumon/o Lung Bronch/o Bronchus Digestive Gastr/o Stomach Enter/o Intestine Nervous Neur/o Nerve Encephal/o Brain Endocrine Endocrin/o Endocrine Urinary Nephro/o Kidney Muscular My/o Muscle Skeletal Arthr/o Joint Oste/o Bone 16  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program 1. The word root 'Cardi/o' is related to which body system? a) Digestive system b) Cardiovascular system c) Respiratory system d) Urinary system 2. What does the word root 'Neur/o' refer to? a) Heart b) Lung c) Nerve d) Joint 3. The word root 'Gastr/o' is used for medical terms related to the: a) Stomach b) Kidney c) Brain d) Skin 4. Which body system does the word root 'Dermat/o' relate to? a) Endocrine system b) Integumentary system c) Muscular system d) Lymphatic system 17  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program 5. The word root 'Nephro/o' is associated with: a) Immune System b) Urinary System c) Respiratory System d) Reproductive System 6. The word root 'Enter/o' is used for medical terms related to the: a) Intestine b) Heart c) Nerve d) Skin 7. The word root 'Arthr/o' is related to which body system? a) Skeletal system b) Cardiovascular system c) Respiratory system d) Urinary system 8. What does the word root 'Bronch/o' refer to? a) Heart b) Bronchus c) Nerve d) Joint Combining Forms A combining form is a word root to which a vowel (usually an o) is added. The vowel has no meaning of its own but enables two elements to be connected. Like the word root, the combining form is the basic foundation on which other elements are added to build complete word For example, the combining form meaning stomach is gastr/o. 18  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Rules For Using Combining Form Vowels A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant. neur/o (nerve) + suffix -plasty (surgical repair), the combining vowel “o” is used because -plasty begins with a consonant. A combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel neur/o (nerve) + the suffix -itis (inflammation), no combining vowel is used because -itis begins with a vowel A combining vowel is used when two or more word roots are joined. gastr/o (stomach) + enter/o (small intestine), the combining vowel is used with gastr/o. A combining vowel is not used with enter/o because it is joining the suffix -itis, which begins with a vowel 1. If the suffix begins with a consonant, should a combining vowel be used? Answer: Yes 2. If the suffix begins with a vowel, should a combining vowel be used? Answer: No 3. Is a combining vowel used when two or more-word roots are joined? Answer: Yes 4. In the medical term 'arthritis', is a combining vowel used between the root 'arthr' and the suffix 'itis'? Answer: No 19  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program 5. In the medical term 'neuroplasty', is a combining vowel used between the root 'neur' and the suffix 'plasty'? Answer: Yes 6. In the medical term 'gastroenteritis', is a combining vowel used between the roots 'gastr' and 'enter'? Answer: Yes 7. In the medical term 'gastroenteritis', is a combining vowel used between the root 'enter' and the suffix 'itis'? Answer: No 8. Is a combining vowel always used between two word roots, regardless of the letters they end or begin with? Answer: Yes Suffixes A suffix is a word part that is added to the end of a word to complete that term. Example, tonsill/o means tonsils. The suffix that is added completes the term and tells what is happening to the tonsils 20  Medical Terminology (MD 101) Level One Pharm D Program Examples of Suffixes Combining Suffix Medical Word Meaning Form gastr/o itis Gastritis Inflammation of the stomach (stomach) (inflammation) -megaly Gastromegaly Enlargement of the stomach (enlargement) -oma Gastroma Tumor of the stomach (tumor) hepat/o itis Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver (liver) (inflammation) -megaly Hepatomegaly Enlargement of the liver (enlargement) -oma Hepatoma Tumor of the liver (tumor) 21