Chapter 2 All Words PDF

pandemic an epidemic that is geographically widespread pelvic cavity the space formed by the hip bones; contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems peritoneum membrane that lines the abdominal cavity peritonitis inflammation of the peritoneum phenylketonuria a genetic...

pandemic an epidemic that is geographically widespread pelvic cavity the space formed by the hip bones; contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems peritoneum membrane that lines the abdominal cavity peritonitis inflammation of the peritoneum phenylketonuria a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing (PKU) physiology The study of body function posterior toward the back proximal Closer to the point of attachment retroperitoneal located behind the peritoneum thoracic cavity contains heart and lungs transverse plane horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions umbilicus navel, belly button ventral Toward the belly stem cells unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division vector-borne transmission The use of an animal to spread an organism from one person or place to another. Hemophilia A genetic disorder in which the blood\'s ability to clot is severely reduced, causing excessive bleeding from even minor injuries. This condition is often inherited and primarily affects males. Histology The study of the microscopic structure of tissues. Histology involves examining tissue samples under a microscope to study their structure, function, and abnormalities. Homeostasis process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment Hyperplasia increase in number of cells Hypertrophy An increase in the size of cells, resulting in the enlargement of a tissue or organ. Hypertrophy is often seen in muscle tissue in response to exercise. Hypogastric Region The area of the abdomen located below the umbilical (navel) region and above the pubic region. It is also known as the suprapubic region. Hypoplasia A condition in which an organ or tissue is underdeveloped or has an incomplete development, leading to a smaller-than-normal size. It usually results from a developmental anomaly. Iatrogenic Illness An illness caused by medical examination, treatment, or diagnostic procedures. This can result from adverse effects of drugs, surgical complications, or other healthcare interventions. Idiopathic Disorder A disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown. The term \'idiopathic\' is often used when the underlying cause of a condition remains unidentified. Infectious Disease A disease caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can spread, directly or indirectly, from one individual to another. Examples include the flu, tuberculosis, and malaria. Inguinal Relating to the groin region, specifically the area where the lower abdomen meets the thigh. This area is also known as the inguinal region and includes structures such as the inguinal ligament and canal. Medial A directional term in anatomy referring to a position closer to the midline of the body. For example, the nose is medial to the eyes. Mesentery A fold of the peritoneum (a membrane lining the abdominal cavity) that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall, providing stability and carrying blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to the intestines. Midsagittal Plane An anatomical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves. This plane is also known as the median plane and is used as a reference in anatomical positioning. Nosocomial Infection An infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility that was not present at the time of the patient\'s admission. Nosocomial infections can result from contact with healthcare staff, contaminated equipment, or other hospital sources. Communicable Disease A disease that spreads from person to person. Congenital Disorder A condition present at birth, often due to genetic or environmental factors. Cytoplasm The gel-like material inside a cell, excluding the nucleus. Distal Farther from the center of the body or point of attachment. Dorsal Related to the back or rear side of the body. Dysplasia Abnormal growth or development of cells or tissues. Endemic A disease regularly found in a specific area or group. Endocrine Glands Glands that release hormones into the bloodstream. Epidemic A widespread outbreak of a disease in a specific area. Epigastric Region The upper middle area of the abdomen. Etiology The study of disease causes. Exocrine Glands Glands that release substances through ducts to surfaces or body cavities. Functional Disorder A condition with impaired function but no structural abnormality. Genetic Disorder A disease caused by DNA abnormalities. Geriatrician A doctor specializing in elderly care. abdominal cavity contains primarily the major organs of digestion adenectomy surgical removal of a gland adenocarcinoma cancerous tumor of glandular tissue adenoma glandular tumor adenomalacia abnormal softening of a gland adenosclerosis abnormal hardening of a gland anaplasia a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other anatomy The study of body structure anomaly abnormality anterior front of the body aplasia lack of development caudal toward the tail cephalic toward the head chromosome a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. bloodborne transmission the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood aden/o gland adip/o fat anter/o before, front caud/o lower part of body, tail cephal/o head cyt/o, -cyte cell end-, endo- in, within, inside exo- out of, outside, away from hist/o tissue -ologist specialist -ology the science or study of path/o, -pathy disease, suffering, feeling, emotion plas/i, plas/o, -plasia development, growth, formation poster/o behind, toward the back -stasis, -static control, maintenance of a constant level