Kin 121 Midterm 2 PDF

Kim 121 ~ Midterm ~ 2  Kin 121 Midterm ~Wednesday out 30 Lisopm...

Kim 121 ~ Midterm ~ 2  Kin 121 Midterm ~Wednesday out 30 Lisopm Size Structure of the human Stature (standing/sitting) body · · mass (weight) Kinanthropometry · length/limbs Segments , , bones) girth 1 Size widths. · - proportionality Proportionality (ratio) index). 2. 3 Composition to compare body segment ↑. Shape Somatotype another. expressed percent as a Top # percent of bottom L Shape · genetic factors stature proportion (sitting/stand - - Endomorphs round height) Assessing Body (BMI) ↳ -mass Stature mesomorphs height) - composition length (arm spar relative to - ↳ muscular Composition - Ectomorps lean (associated o girth proportion Chip to waist ( body massmuscle bone. ↳ Tall this high metabolism H20) width proportion (shoulders to hip) , , height/weight , - - · Essential fat Chart regined for normal function Storage fat 3 % of weight male · accumulates as adipose Body Mass Index reserve - ↳ 12 % of weight female energy kg/m2 ect ↳ protects organs Present in - liver, heart , CNS , spleen lungs ,. 15 % > 25 increased make 12 %, female risk disease > 30 Obese Fat cellS Interperitiv Caution 20-GS in fat in I Adults age increase happens ways - Waist circumference and ↑ in # (hyperplasia) Ratio males > 102 cm ↑ in size (hypertrophy) females) 88cm fat all s stay for life increased risk of CHD TLD , Measurement Techniques for % Body Fat Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Assessing Body Hydrostatic weighing Composition Hypertrophy Bod Pod Hyperplasia Bioelectric impedance (BIA) Skinfolds Hypertrophy/HyerBlasia  Micro Muscle Anatomy and Physiology Motion Generated Types of muscle tissue Forces (Muscle( 1. Smooth muscle Acting on levers (bones). Cardiac 2 muscle S Work about axes (Joints). Skeletal 3 muscle inteconectidy Skeletal muscles provide the force S · formotion (Torque) to occur musclesmustConvert Chemical into Skeletal · energy Smooth mechanical work Voluntary -connects to bone - works work Involuntary Segments Via tendons told contractions may lead Cardiac being Anatomy of - blood vessel fatigue - To , stricted Involuntary (light dark light-self organ iris Skeletal Muscle - , generating , , dark mifam coloring) slow - imprises Contractions features of both - Connective tissue · of the smooth O Skeletal fatigue resistant Comprised mainly protein Collagen muscle tissue resistant Surrounds · all muscle fiber bundles Very fatigue · It is continuous with and , part of , the Tendons in muscle to bone · sometimes the "Tendon" is in the form of broad sheets called fascia Anatomy of (fibre a single muscle cell · Thin as human hair max length 12 · cm multi nucleated Cylindrical · all - Sarcolemma (Cell membrane - Sarcoplasm (cytoplasm) -Sarcomere (functional unit) - myofibrils /contains contractive protein) -myofilaments tubules sarcoplasmic inside fibre reticulum : net like labyrinth of T tubules : Connect sarcoplasmic reticulum with outer membrane Contractile proteins Actin (thin filaments) forms framework and slides over Myosin (thiek filaments in the Middle) filament Sliding · myosin heads reach out to Theory a rab actin Actin slides accross. contraction of sarcomerc unit causing muscle contraction allowing of · sorcowere unit a muscle is of the a section myofibril from 2 line to I line muscle contractions manysurcna Ecentric-greatest force production  Joint Angle Neuro-muscular physiology · Type of contraction and force regiured to load resist external change as Joint Factors force of influencing change angle tran muscle contraction · contraction and force regirred depends on whether the external farce exceeds or is 1. Individuals health less than internal force C individuals state · static (isometric) no change in 3 Joint length. angle 4 muscle cross-sectional area · dynamic (concentric + ecentric shortening I 5. Speed of movement lowering. Muscle 6 regies coordination betwee aganist · fibre 7 type antogist muscles regired age 8. Sel · force velocity · sarcomeres need to be relationship ideal speed space o apart to form farce generated cross bridges Muscle fibre · larger the muscle cross Type section more force The greater fast-twitch it can the generate content of muscle.... ) a Type 2 1. the greater the force output The the slow twitch 1 the the overall speed of contraction greater greater fibre content of a muscle..... 3 the greater the fatigability when the Type I been activated muscle has maximally 1. lower force producing capacity 1 lower contraction speep. What initiates Muscle Contraction 3. greater endurance characteristics The Nervous system of the muscl > - neural that pass newe fibres impulses are the muscle electrical currents along to (action potential) delivers The brain/sight switch) electricity to the muscle light buis) to turn on/contract Motor Neurons AKA Motonerons fast twitch Slow twitch large diameter small diameter fatigue · · · · 50 my reach peak 110 ms to reach peak resistant quickly · fatigue · used in endurance  Imposses cross gaps (synapses between adjoining nerves steps to muscle Impulses Cross gap (motor end plate) to inmerate muscle contraction impulse over the sarcolemma - Both gaps crossed using newo transmitter Acetylcholine 1. Imprises travel the T-tubles through Kinestetic (anto e Sense 2. Calcium ThisCases ↳ component of movement from receptors to CNS sensory sarcoplasmic reficum (Afteret imprise) 3. Calcium flows to action · starts in receptor (area of pain) 4 it causes molecular crossbridging ↳ specific spinal (posterior column). via tract of activ and myosin · cross over (decessation) in medulla to absence nat as Thereis of a sensory an 5 Cortex. ↳ offshoots to cerebellum calcium is reabsabed in to 6. If signal ~ is off of Sufficient magnitude it will illicit a sareoplasmic reticulum reflex spinal 7. Thus stopping contraction of Kinesthetic musche sense L - Proprioceptive sense Vestibular Sense relative · Tells us where our body parts are · Tells us where our body is in space to our body (are / is behind you) inner ear · semicircular canals in in muscle , tendon , joint , capsules kicks in when Vestibular sense is taken ex) sand in a theater · away bulence 1. Muscle Spindle : · senses stretch in muscle very sensative to rate of stretch # stretch reflex (mystatic) stretched reflexive contraction of · muscle cases Muscle being stretched - sensory sent to impose activation Grebellum exane > Reflex rolls over Stimulus leg etension Mode of training (bike, row, run etc) respond differed recovery individuals Hy Genetics : fast or slow twitch 6. variations 7 Diminishing return maturity : Physiological/hormones Nutrition Continual familiar Stimuli = after initial significant decreased adaptation increase there will be fitness level : closer to genetic potential rest variation is needed diminishing returns for same work Plutro close motivation specificity vs. Variety affect > genetic - ceiling to potential Recognize various types of resistance training Become familiar with training terminology Understand the makeup of a general training program Discuss the different training principles Recognize the signs of overtraining