ITGC LESSON 4.pdf

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 200...

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 AND PHILOSOPHY ISO 9001: 2015 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga URL: http://dhvsu.edu.ph E-Mail Address: [email protected] QMS-Certified ELEC 313: LESSON 4 – GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING: SCOPE, FUNCTIONS, AND PRINCIPLES IMPLICATIONS OF AREAS OF GUIDANCE IN GLOBAL  At the secondary stage, the students have more intricate CONTEXT personal problems. During the secondary stage adolescent students due to peculiar physical, emotional,  The student’s life is getting more complex day by day. and social developments undergo noticeable changes in Students in the twenty-first century have faced many their attitude and behavior. Personal guidance at this perplex and difficult situations i.e. to make wise curricular stage should therefore focus on personal and social and other curricular choices, to acquire basic study skills adjustment. for optimum achievement, adjustment with peers, etc.  Personal guidance at the tertiary stage aims at helping  In its beginning guidance was concentrated on problems them view life concerning reality. The scope of personal relating to vocations. guidance at this stage is very wider.  All aspects of student’s life.  It was largely concerned with getting jobs for young 2. EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE people. Now guidance has gone for beyond this. It is now  If one closely examines the problems of young pupils in concerned with the entire individual in all aspects. The schools and colleges, one would realize the need for areas of guidance are very vast. The following are some educational guidance. Educational problems head to the of the important areas of guidance. needs of student’s problems. So education is an 1. Personal Guidance important guidance area. Educational guidance is 2. Educational Guidance related to every aspect of education school/colleges, the 3. Vocational Guidance curriculum, the methods of instruction, other curricular 4. Social Guidance activities, disciplines, etc. 5. Avocational Guidance  Educational guidance is the assistance given to the 6. Moral Guidance individual; 7. Health Guidance (i) to understand his/her potentialities, 8. Leisure-Time Guidance (ii) to have a clear-cut idea of the different 1. PERSONAL GUIDANCE educational opportunities and their requirements, and  Students face many personal problems related to (iii) to make wise choices as regards school, themselves, their parents and family, friends and colleges, the course: curricular and teachers, etc. They often have memories related to extracurricular. home or family which creates feelings of disappointment  Some of the aims and objectives of educational in them. If their parents are expecting too much of them guidance are: it leaves them with a feeling of incompetence and 1. To assist the pupil to understand him/herself insecurity leading to poor self-concept and self-esteem. 2. To understand his/her potentialities, strengths, The objectives of personal guidance are to help the and limitations. individual in his/her physical, emotional, social, rural, 3. To help the child make educational plans and spiritual development. consistent with his/her abilities, interests, and  The aims and objectives of personal guidance are: goals. 1. To assist the individual in understanding 4. To enable the student to know details about himself/herself. the subject and courses offered. 2. To assist the individual involving the personal 5. To assist the student in making satisfactory problems. progress in various school/ college subjects. 3. To assist the individual in making independent 6. To help the child to adjust to the school, its decisions and judgment. rules, regulations, and social life connected 4. To assist the individual to view the world and the with it. social environment in the right perspective. 7. To help the child in developing good study 5. To assist the individual in making sound habits. adjustments to different problems confronted in life. 8. To help the child to participate in out-of-class  Personal guidance is necessary at all stages of life. At educational activities in which he can develop, the elementary school, stage opportunities should be leadership skills, and other social qualities. given to students for their self-expression. Personal  At the elementary stage guidance program must help the guidance at this stage deals with the problems related to children to make good beginnings, to plan intelligently, the feeling of insecurity, social acceptance, discipline, to get the best out of their education, and prepare them etc. for secondary schools. Educational guidance needs to  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 AND PHILOSOPHY ISO 9001: 2015 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga URL: http://dhvsu.edu.ph E-Mail Address: [email protected] QMS-Certified be used in diagnosing difficulties, in identifying the  At the secondary stage, vocational guidance should help special needs of children. the students to know themselves, to know the world of  At the secondary stage, educational guidance should work, to develop employment readiness to develop help the pupils to understand themselves better, to decision-making rules. understand different aspects of the school, to select  At the higher education stages, it should be a more appropriate courses to get information about different formal one. The objectives of guidance at this stage are educational opportunities, to develop good study habits. to help the students get information about different The students should be helped to be acquainted with the careers, training facilities, apprenticeships, etc. vocational implications of various school subjects.  Educational guidance at the tertiary stages must orient 4. AVOCATIONAL GUIDANCE students about the purpose and scope of higher studies  The individual student spends only a small portion of his and helps them to stimulate their studies. Each college/ time i.e. 4 to 6 hours per day in school. The rest of the university must have a guidance unit with the due time needs to be effectively managed and utilized by the provision of guidance services. child for his/her progress and development. 3. VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE  Avocational guidance helps the child to judiciously utilize leisure time.  You know that “bread and butter aims “is one of the main  The other co-curricular activities play an important role aims of education. Due to advancements in science and in the all-round development of the child. But many technology and consequent changes in industry and parents, teachers, and children put secondary occupations have been emerged. There are thousands importance to these activities. of specialized jobs/ occupations. In this context, there is  The students need to be properly guided for effective a great need for vocational guidance. participation in varied types of avocational pursuits so  Vocational guidance is a process of assisting the that they can shape their interpersonal behavior in a individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it, enter desirable direction and widen their outlook. upon it, and progress in it.  It is concerned primarily with helping individuals make 5. SOCIAL GUIDANCE decisions and choices involved in planning a future and  We are social animals. However social relationships building a career. constitute a problem area for most of the students.  The purpose behind assisting the youth to choose, School/educational institution is a miniature society and prepare, enter, and progress in a vocation is the pupils from different socioeconomic status, linguistic, optimum growth of the individual. and socio-cultural backgrounds read there. Students  Some of the aims and objectives of vocational sometimes may face problems in adjustment and social guidance are: relationships. 1. Assisting pupils to discover his/her abilities and  The students must be helped in acquiring the feeling of skills to fit them into the general requirements of the security and being accepted by the group in developing occupation under consideration. social relationships and in becoming tolerant towards 2. Helping the individual to develop an attitude others. This is the task of social guidance. towards work that will dignify whatever type of  Formally social guidance can be given by educational occupation s/he may wish to enter. institutions whereas informal guidance may be provided 3. Assisting the individual to think critically about by Family, religious institutions, Media, etc. various types of occupations and to learn a technique for analyzing information about 6. MORAL GUIDANCE vocations. 4. Assisting pupils to secure relevant information  Moral values occupy an important place in our life. about the facilities offered by various educational Sometimes due to the influence of diverse factors, institutions engaging in vocational training. students tell lies and indulge in undesirable practices.  At the elementary stage, although no formal guidance Moral guidance helps in bringing these students onto the programs are needed, the orientation to a vocation can proper track and helps in their all-round development. be initiated at this stage. At this stage some qualities and 7. HEALTH GUIDANCE skills which have grater vocational significance viz. love and respect for manual work (ii) training in the use of  Health is regarded as wealth. Total health i.e. preventive hands (iii) spirit of cooperative work (iii) sharing (vi) and curative is the goal of health guidance. appreciation for all works (vii) good interpersonal  The health guidance may be a cooperative effort of the relationship are to be developed. Principal, Doctors, Counsellor/Psychologist, Teachers,  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 AND PHILOSOPHY ISO 9001: 2015 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga URL: http://dhvsu.edu.ph E-Mail Address: [email protected] QMS-Certified Students, and parents. To promote preventive care the independence and autonomy. Man can control his conditions of the school hostel, and canteen need to be destiny and be fully responsible for his actions. checked. Similarly, health education through formal 5. Guidance is based upon recognizing the dignity and classes and information is essential in school education worth of individuals as well as their right to choose. stages. In the present day, the concern of health This is based on the premise that every individual guidance also pertains to the guidance in HIV/AIDs and is important and has dignity. Human beings are Mental Health concerns because of the global impact of equal and have the right to exercise their freedom. COVID-19. Therefore, the counselor should regard each client on their merit and not compare or contrast him with 8. LEISURE – TIME GUIDANCE other people. 6. Guidance is a lifelong process. It is a continuous,  Guidance for leisure is a part of personal guidance. sequential, and educational process. This process  The individual should know how to utilize his/her leisure begins at home, continues to the school, and into time fruitfully. society in those sequences. For this reason, there  Leisure generally refers to the free time a person has at is a need for parents, teachers, and the community his disposal. Leisure in modern times is available to to be in harmony and cooperate so that the those who are technically trained and efficient. But, individual is guided to acquire the right behavior unfortunately, most of us do not know how to utilize and values. leisure time. That is why guidance for leisure is necessary. FUNCTION OF GUIDANCE  Leisure can be fruitfully utilized for two purposes. 1. First of all, Leisure provides us time for personal  Under RA 9258 Sec. 3(a) Guidance and Counseling, development. One can increase his efficiency by function includes counseling, psychological testing, (as utilizing his leisure time. to personality, career, interest, study orientation, mental 2. The second use of leisure is that it helps the ability and aptitude), research, placement, group individual to be more productive by getting the process, teaching and practicing of guidance and necessary rest and recreation. counseling subjects, particularly subjects given in the  It has also been suggested that individuals should spend licensure examinations, and other human development their leisure time on social welfare activities. For services. professional growth are must take an active interest in  On the other hand, Ravi (2006) stated the functions the professional society of his profession. Thus, it is quite of guidance as: evident that guidance for leisure is extremely important 1. Adjustment in modern society because it helps the individual to attain  The adjustive function of guidance means it efficiency and become a useful member of society. helps the students in making the appropriate Therefore, it has been suggested that in the school adjustment to the current situation, maybe in curriculum, there should be provision for teaching about the educational institution, occupational world, various leisure time activities so that children will able to the home, or the community. know about them. 2. Orientation  To adjust to different situations either by BASIC GUIDANCE PRINCIPLES selecting choices or solving problems one must have detailed information about the  Shertzer and Stone (1981) identified the basic principles same. This is possible through proper of guidance as follows: guidance. Guidance orients one about the 1. Guidance is concerned with the systematic problem of career planning, educational personal development of the individual in the areas programming, and direction toward long-term of academic, social, and personal adjustment. personal aims and values. 2. The primary mode by which guidance is conducted 3. Development lies in the individual behavioral process.  The oriental function of guidance not only 3. Guidance is oriented toward cooperation, not helps one to get rid of problems but also helps compulsion. It depends on releasing the internal to check them. It contributes to the self- motivation, and/or willingness to change, rather development and self-realization. It is also an than on external coercion or threat. instrument of social and national development. 4. Humans have the capacity for self-development. Guidance is based on the belief that human beings are basically, self-determining creatures. Each one has an innate desire for self-direction towards  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 AND PHILOSOPHY ISO 9001: 2015 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga URL: http://dhvsu.edu.ph E-Mail Address: [email protected] QMS-Certified GUIDANCE: IT’S RELATION TO DISCIPLINE DISCIPLINE  According to Shrivastava, discipline has two different but related meanings. First, discipline is a planned series of activities or exercises considered necessary for the attainment of a certain goal. An example is the training of an athlete for a race or for some other athletic contest. This meaning would include the development of regular exercise, eating, and sleeping habits as well as certain restrictions  Second, discipline means punishment for conduct that is considered undesirable. Failure to achieve a required standard in school, for example, may result in punishment or 'discipline.' The punishment may also be the natural result of undesirable conduct such as the "morning after" a 'binge' or failure in a contest because of breaking training. GUIDANCE  Guidance helps set the goal and develop a program of activities leading to it. It also encourages and motivates the individual to keep at the activities and exercises that are essential in attaining the desired end.  In addition, Baker defined discipline as the “training to act in accordance with rules.” Guidance on the other hand focuses on agreements. Agreements are in place to provide a baseline from which actions are influenced. HOW IS GUIDANCE RELATED TO DISCIPLINE?  Both are opportunities for adults to socialize children to the ways of culture, to guide them to try different strategies of relating and getting their needs met.  Note: Socialize – able to live in one’s society and culture ROLE OF THE COUNSELOR IN DISCIPLINE  Authorities in the field of guidance agree that counselors should not be charged with the responsibility for the administration of punishment. The reason for this is that, by so doing, it is difficult or sometimes impossible for the counselor to establish and maintain the rapport that is so essential for counseling and guidance  The counselor can often help the guilty student to realize and frankly confess that his act was undesirable and to accept his punishment as well deserved.  Thus it can be seen that the counsellor may have a definite responsibility in cases of discipline and may be able to make a real contribution to the student and to the school by helping the student to understand and modify his antisocial behavior (as cited in Shrivastava, 2003).