Introduction To Human Biology Notes PDF

BIOL 101 Introduction to Human Biology  Chapter 1: Humans in the World of Biology (pp. 1-11) Learning Objectives: At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. List basic characteristics of living things 2. List and define levels of biological organization...

BIOL 101 Introduction to Human Biology  Chapter 1: Humans in the World of Biology (pp. 1-11) Learning Objectives: At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. List basic characteristics of living things 2. List and define levels of biological organization 2  One classification scheme showing three domains and four kingdoms of life Fig 1.2 3  Atom – a unit of matter that Organ systems – At least cannot be further broken two organs working down together to perform a function Molecule – The chemical Levels of Biological components of cells Individual – A single organism Organization Organelle – A component within the cell that carries Population – All individual out specific functions of the same species in an area Cell – The smallest unit of life Community – All the species in an ecosystem Tissue – A group of similar that can interact cells that perform the same function Ecosystem – A community and its Organ – A structure with two physical environment Fig 1.4 or more tissues working together to perform a Biosphere – The part of function the earth that supports life 4 Fig. 1.3  Characteristics of ALL life 1. Living things are made up of organic molecules (contain nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids). 2. …are composed of cells 3. …grow and reproduce 4. …use energy and raw materials 5. …respond to their environment 6. …maintain homeostasis 7. Populations of living things have adaptive traits and evolve Fig. 1.1 5 1. _______________________________________________ Living things are made up of organic molecules (contain nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids). DNA is shown as a double-stranded helical structure with differently colored spheres or atoms.  2. ____________________________ All living things are composed of cells Cell Theory Unicellular organisms Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Multicellular organisms Eukaryotes only 7 http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/article01093-vitamin-c-mycobacterium-tuberculosis.html http://www.h-pylori-symptoms.com/nav/h-pylori-symptoms/ 3. __________________________________ Cells come from previous cells. They grow and reproduce Sexual reproduction (sperm and egg) Asexual reproduction (splitting of the cell) http://scienceillustrated.com.au/blog/science/protein-could-give-ivf-couples-hope/ http://evolutionbiology.com/definitions/asexual-reproduction/ 8 4. use _______________________________________________ energy and raw materials ________________________ Metabolism: the sum of all chemical reactions within living cells substrate product enzyme 9  Anabolism: assembly of simple molecules into more complex molecules Catabolism: breaking down of complex molecules into more simple ones https://sciencestruck.com/difference-between-anabolism-catabolism https://www.nagwa.com/en/explainers/283182689836/ 10 https://www.quora.com/Where-do-all-these-biochemical-pathways-happen 11 5. _____________________________________ respond to their environment – Detect stimuli – Then react http://www.cfau-pd.net/wallpapers/fire.html 12  6. _________________________________ …maintain homeostasis A condition of equilibrium within any biological system 13 Negative feedback E.G. blood glucose regulation – a change in a variable triggers a control mechanism to counteract further change in same direction http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/PPFall03Lect8_files/image026.jpg 14  Positive feedback – a change in variable triggers control mechanism to amplify rather reverse the change https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcanvas.uw.edu%2Ffiles%2F38649378%2Fdownload%3Fdownload_frd%3D1%26verifier%3DqLMA6lGSF6tx1Dx11a0W1pbUfCnVMx7Hmx3458UX&psig=AOvVaw3 15 wnL4SVO4hfMU8RgxGjqU_&ust=1673334619161000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCIDW4rL3ufwCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI 7. _____________________________________________ Populations of living things have adaptive traits and evolve 16 https://www.britannica.com/science/human-evolution  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? a) Homeostasis b) DNA c) Movement d) Reproduction © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  2. Humans belong to which kingdom? a) Animals b) Eukarya c) Prokaryotes d) Fungi © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  3. What is the smallest unit of matter that can’t be broken down any further? a) Molecule b) Cell c) Atom d) Organelle © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.  4. Which of the following includes organisms that are all of only one species? a) Community b) Ecosystem c) Kingdom d) Population © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.