Y08 & Y09 Biology: Body Systems PDF

Biology: Body Systems Humans are complex multicellular organisms made up of about 37 trillion cells. These cells are organized into progressively more complicated structures i.e. Body Systems. Survival is only possible if these structures coordinate their activities. Such coordination can only occur...

Biology: Body Systems Humans are complex multicellular organisms made up of about 37 trillion cells. These cells are organized into progressively more complicated structures i.e. Body Systems. Survival is only possible if these structures coordinate their activities. Such coordination can only occur if such structures communicate with each other. In multicellular animals, the nervous system & endocrine system allow such communication to occur. 1  Biology: Body Systems Key Learning Intentions To be able to list and describe the requirements for living things. To be able to use the terms, cells, tissue, organ and systems in the human body You need to understand the following terms and concepts Describe how the requirements for life are provided through the coordinated function of body systems MRS GREN: Characteristics of living things 3 main requirements of living things Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism main organ systems (per year) 2  Revision: MRS GREN Living things share common characteristics i.e. typical qualities All living things MRS GREN!: have the ability to Move have the ability to Reproduce Sensitive* i.e respond to environmental stimuli Grow* i.e. increase their numbers of Cells Respiration: release energy from food Excrete wastes Nutrition: all living things need food. * sensitive: requires a body system which has receptors that detect stimuli * growth: in multicellular organisms requires coordination/communication between cells. All living things also contain genetic material e.g. DNA 3  Review: Body Systems The basic requirements for life are: 1. water 2. suitable temperature range (internal & external) 3. nutrients Also important 4. oxygen* (or other gas for metabolism) 5. waste removal* 6. space In multicellular animals, these are provided & maintained through the coordinated function of body systems such as the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, nervous*, endocrine* (glandular) & urinary systems. Coordination requires COMMUNICATION between body systems (studied Y09*) 4  Biology: Body Systems Cell: the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism: 5  Biology: Body Systems Tissue: a group of similar cells working together Organ: a group of tissues that have been adapted to perform a specific function Organ System: a group of organs that work together as a system to perform one or more functions. 6  Biology: Body Systems Organism: any living thing made of one or more cells 7  Biology: Body Systems There are several body systems or organ systems that work together in order for our bodies to function properly. How many systems can you name? 8  Biology: Body Systems Of the 11 organ systems, the six organ systems studied in year 9 are: Y08 Circulatory System: in animals, transports oxygen, waste (inc CO2), nutrients, hormones, heat, etc... around the body Y08 Digestive System: uses physical & chemical means to break down food into molecules small enough to be absorbed into the body; excretes wastes. Y08 Respiratory System: brings oxygen into the body; gets rid of carbon dioxide. Urinary System: rids the body of wastes → cleanses the blood; maintains salt & water balance 9  Biology: Body Systems Of the 11 organ systems, the six organ systems studied in year 9 are: Y09 Endocrine System*: controls body functions using chemical messengers called hormones Y09 Nervous System*: allows animals to sense (using receptors) and respond to the environment and control body functions by sending electrical messages; made up of the brain, spinal cord, nerves & sense organs. Y09 Immune System:the organs and processes of the body that provide resistance to infection and toxins. Y09 Reproductive System: the tissues, glands, and organs involved in producing offspring 10  Biology: Body Systems Think / pair / share: what are the main organ systems, and what do they do? 11