Inorganic Medicinals Review P1 Notes PDF

Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Review Presented by: Jenny Marie D. Blancaflor, RPh, MSPhar  Li Depressant  Li lightest all metal  H Lightest of all elements  O Most abundant element in earth  Si Second most abundant elem...

Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Review Presented by: Jenny Marie D. Blancaflor, RPh, MSPhar  Li Depressant  Li lightest all metal  H Lightest of all elements  O Most abundant element in earth  Si Second most abundant element in earth  Al Third most abundant element in earth  Na + Predominant extracellular cation  K + Predominant intracellular cation  Mg + Second most abundant intracellular cation  Ca + Second most abundant extracellular cation  Cl - Second most abundant extracellular cation Parakeratosis Zinc Deficiency Osteomalacia Rickets Calcium Deficiency Wilson's Disease Copper toxicity Penicillamine Antidote  Argyria Silver toxicity Saline Solution Antidote  Baritosis Barium toxicity Magnesium sulfate (Epsom Salt) Antidote Itai-itai Poisoning Cadmium toxicity BAL Antidote  BAL Dimercaprol British Anti-Lewisite  BAL Antidote for toxicities: Gold, Arsenic, & Bismuth Calcium gluconate Antidote for: Magnesium toxicity  Sodium bicarbonate Antidote for: Zinc poisoning  Strach Sodium Thiosulfate Antidote for: Iodine toxicity  NaCl NH4Cl Antidote for: Bromine toxicity Deferoxamine Antidote for: Iron toxicity Minamata's Disease mercury poisoning  Universal Antidotes: Tannic Acid Activated Charcoal Magnesium oxide (MgO)  Sodium Thiosulfate Antidote for: Cyanide poisoning Copper Sulfate (Blue Vitriol) CuSO4. 5 H2 O  Copper Sulfate (Blue Vitriol) Antidote for: Phosphorus poisoning Magnesium sulfate (Epsom Salt) MgSO4. 7 H2 O  Magnesium sulfate (Epsom Salt) Antidote for: Barium and barbiturate poisoning  Zinc sulfate (White vitriol) ZnSO4. 7 H 2 O Sulfuric acid (Oil of vitriol) H2 SO4 Ferrous sulfate (Green vitriol) FeSO 4. 7 H 2O  Ferric sulfate (Vitriol of Mars) Fe2(SO4 ) 3 Cobalt sulfate (Red vitriol) CoSO4. 7 H 2 O Cobalt sulfate (Red vitriol) CoSO4. 7 H 2 O Carbon dioxide gas grey containers  Nitrogen gas black containers  Nitrous oxide Argon blue containers  Oxygen green containers  Helium brown containers  Trace Elements  Zinc Metal present in insulin Molybdenum Co-factor of enzymes Flavin dependent enzymes  Iodine Essential in the synthesis of T3 and T4 Manganese Activates enzymes like pyruvate carboxylase  Iron Present in hemoglobin, transferrin, ferritin, cytochrome oxidase  Nickel Metal present in Fancy jewelry Magnesium Metal present in Chlorophyll  Fluorine Essential element present in teeth and bones  Cobalt Metal present in Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamine) Compounds Barium sulfate Barite Used for GIT imaging Boric acid (H₃BO₃) Sal sedativum causes lobster appearance Cadmium sulfide Yellow sulfide Cadmium chloride treatment of tinea infections Aluminum carbonate Treatment of phosphatic calculi Magnesium stearate lubricant Hydrated magnesium silicate (3MgO.4SiO2.H2O) Talc Filtering aid Zinc Sulfide White lotion, White sulfide White lotion: ZnS2 sulfurated potash Hydrated zinc silicate Natural calamine Mercuric oxide Yellow precipitate  Zinc oxide Zinc white, lassar’s paste topical protectant  Carbon dioxide Carbonic gas Used for the treatment of persistent hiccups Aluminum oxide Alumina Treatment of silicosis  Carbon dioxide Carbonic gas Used for the treatment of persistent hiccups Calcium sulfate Plaster of paris, gypsum dental impression and surgical cast Cobaltous chloride lover’s ink Indicator in silica gel Hydrogen peroxide 3% Antiseptic 6% Bleach Calcium chloride Muriate of lime Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) Green vitriol Ferric Ferrocyanide Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ Prussian blue Ferrous Ferricyanide Fe₃[Fe(CN)₆]₂ Turnbull's blue Potassium Sodium Tartrate Rochelle salt Magnesium oxide Calcined magnesia  Sodium nitrite Vasoldilator Treatment of cyanide poisoning (with sodium thiosulfate) Sodium sulfate Glauber’s salt Sodium bicarbonate Baking soda Sodium carbonate Soda ash Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Fleet enema Potassium Bitartrate Cream of tartar Potassium Nitrate Salt Peter, Salitre, Salt Prunelle Potassium Carbonate Potash salt of tartar Pearl Ash Magnesium carbonate Magnesia  Magnesium hydroxide Milk of magnesia, Magnesia magma Calcium hydroxide Slaked lime, milk of lime Calcium carbonate Precipitated chalk Calcium oxide (CaO₂) Lime, Quixlime, calx Bismuth sub-nitrate Litharge Lead acetate Burrow’s solution Lead subacetate Goulard’s extract Electrolyte Replenishers Salts of: Chlorides Lactates Gluconate  Antacids Hydroxides of Mg, Al, Ca Carbonates of Mg, Ca, K, Phosphates of Al, Ca  Cathartic & Laxatives Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium Citrate Potassium Sodium Tartrate Potassium monohydrogen phosphate Carbonating Agent Carbonates Bicarbonates Urinary Acidifiers Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Ammonium chloride Urinary Akalizers Salts of carbonates, bicarbonates and acetates Preservatives Potassium Nitrate Sodium Chloride  Saponifying Agents Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Hypotensive Agent Thiocyanate compounds Disinfectant/Bleaching Agents Sodium hypochlorite Dakin’s solution, Zonrox Calcium hypochlorite Chlorinated lime, Chlorox Iodine Concentrations 5% Strong Iodine Solution 2% Iodine Tincture 3% Povidone Iodine (betadine)  Reagent for Analysis Sodium acetate Alkalinizing agent in Benedict’s solution Sodium tartrate Karl Fisher’s reagent  Reagent for Analysis Potassium Permanganate Mineral chameleon Permaganometry Potassium mercuric iodide Mayer's Reagent Reagent for Analysis Copper sulfate Benedict’s, Barfoed’s and Fhelings reagent Arsenic Trioxide Fowler’s solution and donovan’s soln.  + NH4 "heartshorn"  + NH4 Haber's Process Method of preparation  + NH4 Respiratory Stimulant Pharmacologic action  10% Conc. Household Ammonia Antimony potassium tartrate Tartar emetic Treatment of schistosomiasis / fluke infections  Aluminum Silicates Kaolin Bentonite Pumice  Kaolin China clay native hydrated aluminum silicate Adsorbent and demulcent in diarrhea Bentonite Soap Clay native colloidal aluminum silicate Suspending agent (calamine lotion)  Pumice Complex silicate of Al, K, and Na Dental Abrasive Rest Elements  Brass 70% 30% Copper Zinc  Gold Dissolved in aqua regia forming chloroauric acid and selenic acid Aqua regia 3 part HCl 1 part HNO3 Purple of Caesius mixture containing gold and stannic acid  Beryllium Fluorescent Lighting Industry  Magnesium Lightest of all structurally important metals  Magnesium Used as flash light powders and tracer bullets  Magnesium Natural calcium channel blocker  Strontium Used in red pyrotechnic  Barium Used in green pyrotechnic  Barium Used in green pyrotechnic  +2 Mercurous Hg2 +2 Mercuric Hg  Boron used in vulcanizing rubber  Aluminum most abundat metal  Aluminum third most abundant element  Galium Substitute for mercury thermometers  Galium Treatment of cancer related hypercalcemia Glass composition sodium carbonate + silica Base  MnO Mask the blue green color of iron  Boron/borates Dec. the coefficient expansion of the glass  Potassium Render the glass brown with light resistant property  Lead Inc. refractive index of the glass Plumbism Lead poisoning Burton lines Blue lining in gums Blue-black gums bismuth toxicity BAL Antidote  EDTA Antidote for lead poisoning Zirconium Antiperspirant Nitrogen Mephitic air "without air" N2 Nonreactive N Reactive  Methemoglobinemia Nitrite reacts with blood to create methemoglobin  Phosphorus Light carrier St. Elmo's Fire  Arsenic Salvarsan Arsphenamine Anti-syphilis  Bismuth Used in silvering of mirror  Tantalum Used in sheets form for the surgical repair of bones nerve and tissues  Oxygen most abundant essential element  Oxygen Dephlogisticated air Allotropes of Oxygen O Nascent oxygen O2 Atmospheric oxygen O3 Ozone Oxygen Requirements Anoxic Inadequate oxygen in the air Oxygen Requirements Anemic Lack of haemoglobin/ oxygen carriers Oxygen Requirements Histotoxic Cell defect/ interference with cell oxidation Chromium Deficiency mimics Diabetes Mellitus  Uranium Used in the manufacture of atomic bombs Becquerel  Chlorine Dephlogisticated muriatic acid Bromine Depressant Iodide Expectorant Antimicrobial Manganese Deficiency mimics Parkinsonism Technecium 1st element produced artificially -radiopharmaceutical-  Technetium Tc 99 m radiopharmaceuticals Gluceptate Inj. Kidney  Technetium Tc 99 m radiopharmaceuticals Iminodiacetic Inj. Liver  Technetium Tc 99 m radiopharmaceuticals Etidronate Inj. Bone  Helium Second lightest gas  Helium Produces a donald-duck like sound  Argon most abundant noble gas  Argon Substitute for nitrogen as inert gas Krypton Least noble gas  Radon Synthetic noble gas Activity