Questions and Answers
Which element is used as a natural calcium channel blocker?
Which of the following is known to be a suspending agent in calamine lotion?
What is the main composition of aqua regia?
Which metal is commonly used in the production of fluorescent lighting?
Signup and view all the answers
Which element is primarily used to render glass with brown color and light-resistant properties?
Signup and view all the answers
In what context is antimony potassium tartrate known to be utilized?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of mercury (Hg) in its +2 oxidation state?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main pharmacologic action of ammonia in a respiratory context?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary antidote for lead poisoning?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following elements is used in the manufacture of atomic bombs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gas produces a 'Donald Duck' like sound when inhaled?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is caused by nitrite reacting with blood?
Signup and view all the answers
Which element is used in surgical repair of bones, nerves, and tissues in sheet form?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of oxygen is characterized as 'nascent oxygen'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is most abundant noble gas?
Signup and view all the answers
Which trace element's deficiency mimics symptoms of Parkinsonism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which element is the lightest of all metals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following cations is the predominant intracellular cation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the antidote for zinc poisoning?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is associated with calcium deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the antidote for copper toxicity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is associated with mercury poisoning?
Signup and view all the answers
Calcium gluconate is used as an antidote for which toxicity?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does molybdenum serve in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following compounds is used for GIT imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the common use of sodium thiosulfate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the predominant extracellular cation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which element is essential in the synthesis of T3 and T4 hormones?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of zinc in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Key Elements in Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
- Lithium (Li): Lightest metal, used as a depressant.
- Hydrogen (H): Lightest element.
- Oxygen (O): Most abundant element on Earth.
- Silicon (Si): Second most abundant element on Earth.
- Aluminum (Al): Third most abundant element on Earth.
- Sodium (Na+): Predominant extracellular cation.
- Potassium (K+): Predominant intracellular cation.
- Magnesium (Mg+): Second most abundant intracellular cation.
- Calcium (Ca+): Second most abundant extracellular cation.
- Chlorine (Cl-): Second most abundant extracellular anion.
Deficiency Diseases
- Parakeratosis: Associated with zinc deficiency.
- Osteomalacia/Rickets: Associated with calcium deficiency.
- Wilson's Disease: Caused by copper toxicity.
Antidotes for Toxicities
- Penicillamine: Antidote for Wilson's Disease (copper toxicity).
- Saline Solution: Antidote for silver toxicity (Argyria).
- Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salt): Antidote for barium toxicity (Baritosis).
- Dimercaprol (BAL): Antidote for gold, arsenic, bismuth toxicity.
- Calcium Gluconate: Antidote for magnesium toxicity.
- Sodium Bicarbonate: Antidote for zinc poisoning.
- Sodium Thiosulfate: Antidote for iodine toxicity, cyanide poisoning.
- Deferoxamine: Antidote for iron toxicity.
Environmental and Health Issues
- Minamata's Disease: Caused by mercury poisoning.
- Itai-itai Poisoning: Result of cadmium toxicity.
Trace Elements and Their Roles
- Zinc: Found in insulin; essential for various enzymes.
- Molybdenum: Co-factor for enzymes, particularly flavin-dependent enzymes.
- Iodine: Essential for T3 and T4 synthesis.
- Iron: Found in hemoglobin and essential for oxygen transport.
- Cobalt: Component of Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin).
- Magnesium: Present in chlorophyll; important for muscle function.
Important Compounds
- Barium Sulfate (Barite): Used for gastrointestinal imaging.
- Boric Acid (H₃BO₃): Sedative, causes a lobster appearance.
- Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO₄ · 7 H₂O): Used in topical applications.
- Calcium Sulfate: Used in dental impressions and surgical casts.
Salts and Their Applications
- Sodium Chloride: Common preservative; used in saline solutions.
- Potassium Bitartrate: Known as cream of tartar.
- Sodium Nitrite: Vasodilator; used for cyanide poisoning treatment.
- Magnesium Hydroxide: Known as milk of magnesia; antacid and laxative.
- Calcium Hydroxide: Known as slaked lime; used in various applications.
Analysis Reagents
- Copper Sulfate: Used in Benedict’s, Barfoed’s, and Fehling’s solutions.
- Potassium Permanganate: Reagent in redox titrations.
Gas Safety and Containers
- Carbon Dioxide: Stored in grey containers; used for persistent hiccups.
- Oxygen: Stored in green containers; essential for respiration.
- Helium: Stored in brown containers; lightest inert gas.
Noteworthy Notes
- Zirconium: Often used in antiperspirants.
- Lead Poisoning (Plumbism): Indicated by Burton lines and blue-black gums.
Elements and Their Applications
- Chlorine: Used in various disinfectants and bleaching agents.
- Technetium (Tc-99m): First artificially produced element; used in radiopharmaceuticals.
- Hydrogen Peroxide: Common antiseptic at 3%, used for bleaching at 6%.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts in Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry, including important elements and their properties. Test your knowledge on elements such as Lithium, Hydrogen, and more, exploring their roles and abundances. Ideal for students in pharmaceutical studies.
