IDS PDF: Asian Migration, Protestant Reformation, and More

Asian Migration Theory Who Native Americans in Mississippi valley What--Native American cultural group When- prior to colonization Where_-Mississippi valley Why--Asian Migration theory of people coming to the new world, they spread to the Mississippi River Valley. Historical Significance They develo...

Asian Migration Theory Who Native Americans in Mississippi valley What--Native American cultural group When- prior to colonization Where_-Mississippi valley Why--Asian Migration theory of people coming to the new world, they spread to the Mississippi River Valley. Historical Significance They developed a very hierarchical society that had elaborate mound building. This was probably both religiously, economically, and bureaucratically important. The hierarchical system proved too much for some natives like the Cherokee who went back to a more egalitarian lifestyle that had more hunting and gathering. Protestant Reformation Who-Martin Luther, John Calvin, Calvinists What- The religious breakaway from the Catholic church When--1500s Where-Europe, America Why--Martin Luther wanted to have free discussion of the church's doctrine. 2. Luther felt that the church focused too much on works and needed to get back to faith. Luther's followers quickly politicized his writings and out of this rose the Protestant Reformation. Historical Significance led to all sorts of upheavals and movement of people. One particularly important one was the movement by John Calvin who argued for predestination which is the thought that one's eternal reward is already decided by God and it does not matter what one does. Calvinists would play an important part in the settlement of New England. Bubonic Plague Who_-Mongols, Chinngis Khan, Europeans, Asians. What- Deadly disease probably passed by (either human or rat) fleas. When--1340s Where-Europe and Asia Prince Henry the Navigator Who and What--Crown prince of Portugal. When-1400s Where-Portugal and Africa Why-Portugal was the very last stop on the silk roads and they wanted to bypass Muslim middle men in North Africa and get access to the sub-Saharan gold trade in Africa. Henry decided to gather together the finest nautical minds of his age all into one large academy. Historical Significance out of this academy came several important things. They developed the caravel for oceangoing transportation, they used Arab technology (compass and star charts) for navigation. As the leader of the nautical world Portugal struck out for sub-Sahara Africa in search of gold but also found slaves. Columbian Exchange Who -Christopher Columbus What--Transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the two hemispheres. When--1492-Present Where-North and South America, Europe and Africa Why- -Columbus set out west to get east on the mistaken assumption that the world was not as big as he thought and made lasting contact with the Americas. Histoncal Significance Dramatically altered the entire world. Led to the destruction of millions in the Americas and the growth and development of new plants and animals on both sides. Jamestown Who-Virginia Company, John Smith, John Rolfe, Natives What--The first permanent English settlement in North America. When-1607 Where-Virginia Why--England wanted to try and set up a colony close enough that it could perhaps get at the Spanish silver ships, but far enough away that Spain would not see it as a direct threat. Historical Significance it is an example of English settlement, most settlers wanted to get rich quick, starting planting tobacco and continually needed new land and more unfree labor to keep the system up. Powhatan Who and What--Native American leader who was trying to consolidate power in the Chesapeake. When- early 1600s Where Chesapeake Why--Powhatan had had contact with Europeans before and he was looking to set up a beneficial trade relationship so that he could gain some weapons in exchange for food Historical Significance Relationship quickly sours and Powhatan tries to wipe out the English by starving them out. This leads to a protracted war between the Natives and the colonists. This animosity will remain through the next couple of decades. Massachusetts Bay Company Who-John Winthrop, Calvinists, henry VIII What--Company that settled Massachusetts When--1629,1630 Where Massachusetts, (maybe put Salem or Boston) Why Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife but the Catholic church said no. Henry decided to break away from the Church and start the church of England which would allow divorce. Some people did not feel that the church changed enough and had many of the same problems as the Catholic church. However this group felt that they could help to purify the church by showing the perfect society. Historical Significance -Set up Massachusetts to be a beacon of light to the world to show others the perfect society. Was to focus on building up community, and also led to highest literacy rate in the world. General Court Who Massachusetts Bay Colonists What--Government set up in Massachusetts Bay Colony. When-1600s Where _Massachusetts Bay Why-Colonists thought of govemment as govering as an extension of God's power in creating the perfect society. Historical Significance General Court was all branches of government. It took charge in settlement and it also watched over the family. It was instrumental in creating a homogenized society. General Court Who Massachusetts Bay Colonists What--Government set up in Massachusetts Bay Colony. When-1600s Where _Massachusetts Bay Why-Colonists thought of govemment as govering as an extension of God's power in creating the perfect society. Historical Significance General Court was all branches of government. It took charge in settlement and it also watched over the family. It was instrumental in creating a homogenized society. Bacon's Rebellion Who -Nathaniel Bacon, William Berkeley, indentured servants and Native Americans. What-colonial rebellion against the government where Bacon and his followers attacked natives and Jamestown alike When--1670 Where Jamestown VA Why- all white males over 17 could vote at first but by 1670 that had been restricted to landowners and the indentured servants that were finishing their contracts were given the land in the backcountry that was on the border with the Natives (but could not live there). This caused friction between the indentured servants and the natives. Historical Significance After Bacon had bumed Jamestown he died of dysentery and Berkeley came back and asserted control. The planters decided that they could not risk having a bunch of landless former indentured servants in their midst, but they still needed labor and so they began increasingly to turn to slavery as a source of labor. Middle Passage Who-Europeans and Africans What--transport of 12 million African slaves to the new world. When-1492-1880 Where-African Europe, America Why--Portugal first made contact with the sub-Saharan African slave system when looking for Gold. Slave system had already been thriving prior to this time. People were enslaved and brought to the coast and sold into Atlantic slavery Historical Significance slavery was a labor and an economic system, not one focused on human rights. They were treated terribly, fed and exercised, minimally until they arrived in the wester hemisphere. Once in the western hemisphere they were cleaned up and fixed up and then sold to the highest bidder to fill the labor needs of the new world. Also led to the proliferation of many African elements of culture. Stono Rebellion Who-Jemmy and other Angolan slaves. What-largest colonial slave revolt in English North America When-1739 Where-Stono South Carolina, Charleston, / Fort Mose Florida Why--Development of slavery in South Carolina was very oppressive. Slaves outnumbered whites two to one in the formation of the plantation system. Several Angolan slaves together led bv Jemmy decide to try and break free and head to Fort Mose. Historical Significance rebellion ran into the lieutenant governor and was brutally suppressed. South Carolina grouped all slave law together and created a comprehensive slave code that tried to control all aspects of slave life William Pitt Who Prime Minister of England What--Same When--1758 Where-Parliament Why France and England began fighting over the Ohio Country and this spread. War was not going well for England. H.S. Pitt pacified the colonists by promising pay and replacing top general. He promised a dividing line between natives and colonists, he infused much more money and troops. He was able to turn the tide of the war in England's favor. Proclamation of 1763 Who--William Pitt and King George IlI, Native Americans and colonists. What--Royal Proclamation that created dividing line between the natives and the colonists. When--1763 Where-Appalachian mountains Why--During the French and Indian war William Pitt promised a line to separate the natives and colonists. George III made good on that promise after the war. Was used to pacify the natives. H.S. natives were happy at first but the colonists were furious. They had fought for economic opportunity and now they were feeling ery hemmed in. They pushed into the land anyway. French and Indian War Who-Fernch, English, William Pitt, Half King, Native Americans and colonists, George Washington. What-Two-phase Global War fought between France and her allies and Britain and her allies. When--1755-1763 Where-N.A Why--France and England both laid claim to the same area. England sent Washington to push French out. Half King murdered the French envoy and the two countries went to war. Historical Significance -After starting bad, William Pitt pushed England all in and they were able to defeat the French by cutting the colonies off from France and defeating them. This forced France out of North America. It also meant that the Natives could not play the European powers off of each other. The colonists, because of the British policies also felt that they got the short end of the stick.